Upload
mosslera
View
3.178
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
6-1
Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 6
6-2
What Is Motivation?
• What causes (motivates) behavior?• Motivation = physiological or psychological
factors that account for the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior.
• Parts of motivation:– (a) state– (b) goal– (c) variability in intensity
6-3
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Theories of Motivation
• Biological theories
• Instincts are unlearned; more complex than reflexes; triggered by environmental events called releasing stimuli.– Fight or flight– Altruism?– Survival– Competition?
6-4
Theories of Motivation
• Drives - Internal motivational states created by physiological needs e.g., need for food.
• Drives produce motivated behavior.
• Because drives are aversive, the goal of motivated behavior is drive reduction.
6-5
Theories of Motivation
Optimum-level theories: there is a level of arousal at which organisms function best.
Goal: reduce discomfort
6-6
Cognitive Theories of Motivation
• Cognitive-consistency - b/t beliefs and behaviorsE.g., cognitive dissonance: incompatible
cognitions provide evidence.
6-7
Theories of Motivation
• Maslow: motivational needs are arranged in a hierarchy.
6-8
Theories of Motivation
• Multiple motives often results in conflicts.
• The most common conflicts are: – approach-approach, – avoidance-avoidance, – approach-avoidance, – and multiple approach-avoidance.
6-9
Specific Motives
• Hunger• Genetic factors play a key role in determining a person's
weight. • The resting metabolic rate is the rate at which a person
burns calories to keep the body functioning.
6-10
The Body Mass Index (BMI)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
6-11
Hunger/Weight
• Set-point
• Anorexia-Nervosa
• Bulima
6-12
Theories of Emotion
• The commonsense view: – emotional stimulus > emotion > physiological
changes
• James-Lange- physiological changes create emotions– emotional stimulus > physiological changes >
emotion
6-13
Emotion
• Cannon-Bard > stresses the role of the thalamus in simultaneously relaying emotional input to the cortex and sympathetic nervous system.
6-14
The Physiological Components
• Blushing
• Alexithymia
6-15
The Expressive Components
• Strong evidence for universal recognition of six basic emotions: – Anger– Disgust– Sadness – Fear– Happiness– Surprise Interpretation = rt brain
6-16
The Expressive Components
• The Duchenne Smile
6-17
The Expressive Components
• Nonverbal communication involves communication through body language, movements, and gestures.
• Compared with men, women report more emotional experiences and greater comfort with emotions.