Chapter 1 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199299941496334 2[1]

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4th Edition

PsychologyRon Mossler Ph.D.

Los Angeles Valley College

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Psychology 1Introductory Psychology

• Be on time!

• Silence your cell phones and pagers.

• Ask questions.

• Have fun!

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Psychology 1Introductory Psychology

Eating for two, gaining too muchWith more than half of women already overweight, some doctors say pregnancy guidelines should be scaled back.

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Family: A Smooth Divorce

http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/features/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/education/lesson16_overview.html

Explore how "The Invisible Man" changed forever the way Americans and people around the world think about race, on-air and online this week.


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WWW.Psychology.net

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Introduction• Psychology is the science of behavior and

mental processes.

• It is both scientific and applied.

• Scientific research in psychology is systematic.

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The Law of Parsimony (Occam’s Razor)

• When there are two (or more) competing explanations for an event or claim, we should select the one requiring the fewest assumptions.

• No big deal!

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Becoming a Psychological DetectiveBasic Guidelines

• Ask good questions• Collect data • Analyze data • Draw conclusions

• Become good consumers of psychological research.

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Research Methods

• Case study and interviews

• Observation

• Correlational research

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Research Methods in Psychology

• Correlational research tells whether the values of two variables are related.

IT DOES NOT SHOW CAUSALITY!

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Research Methods

• Survey/Questionnaires

• Tests

• Physiological measures

• The experimental method

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The Experimental Method

• How do changes in one variable affect another?• The constant variable is Independent (The IV)• The variable that is measured is Dependent

(the DV)

In the experimental method, we manipulate the IV to determine the effect on the DV

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Compare outcomes of:

• Experimental group

• Control group

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• By manipulating an independent variable (the cause), the researcher determines whether it influences the dependent variable (the effect).

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Single blind vs. double blind

Placebo effect

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Statistics

• Descriptive statistics summarize data.

• Inferential statistics are used to determine whether or not the results of an experiment are significant

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• Statistics involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

• Descriptive statistics summarize data.

• Inferential statistics are used to determine whether or not the results of an experiment are significant.

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Normal Curve



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The Origins of Modern Psychology

• Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879.

• Wundt’s school of psychology was known as structuralism.



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• William James – functionalism

• Now called cognition



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• Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with our perception of our environment.

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The Origins of Modern PsychologyThe Rise of Applied Psychology

1. William James: Psychology is the study of mental life.

2. Sigmund Freud: Influenced by the unconscious.1. Psychodynamic/

psychoanalytic



Freud's granddaughter Sophie (a doctor in her own right), on Freudian theory: "I think it's such a narcissistic indulgence that I cannot believe in it."

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3. Behaviorism• Watson• Pavlov• Skinner

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B.F. Skinner





Skinner Box

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4. The humanistic perspective• Abraham Maslow• Carl Rogers

5. Gestalt psychology6. The Cognitive Perspective

• Ulrich Neisser, 1967





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Psychological SpecialtiesClinical and Counseling

• Difference between a psychologist (Ph.D or Psy.D. and a psychiatrist (M.D.)

• School Psychologist• LCSW• MFT

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Psychological SpecialtiesOthers

• Research Psychologists• IO• Consumer• Health• Sports

Education

Chapter 1 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199299941496334 2[1]