Compiled byMrs J Wright, Durban Girls’ High School,2006

The Problem – an Ulcer!

Definition : ulcer n. an open sore on an external or internal surface

Slide 1

Ulcers – found in the stomach lining, and though to be caused by stressful living.

Slide 2

Using an endoscope to view an ulcer and a tissue sample then taken to be analysed

View of an ulcer in the stomach

Slide 3

Dr Robin Warren - pathologist

Team work

The curious observation made by Dr Robin Warren in the samples given to him to analyse.These observations were investigated by Dr Marshall.

Slide 4

In the laboratory.Team work to producea culture of H. pylori!

Slide 5

Dr Barry Marshall – 1981, Australia

Slide 6

Culture of Helicobacter pylori

A sample was taken and viewed under theElectron Microscope

After months of trials and failures,an unplanned long weekend in the incubatorproduced a result!

Slide 7

Helicobacter pylori

The villian!A

B C

Slide 8

Removal of H. pyloriand healing of the ulcer?Scanning E.M of H.pylori on

the stomach walls.

Slide 9

How the ulcer is formed

H. pylori causes excess production of HCl by cells of the stomach lining. The stomach is trying tokill the bacterium.

The excess acid removesthe mucus layer and thestomach cells are then attacked,resulting in an ulcer.

Acid inhibitors such as Tagamet now usually prescribed for relief but they have to be taken continually.

Slide 10

Test kits forHelicobactera pylori

Slide 11

Drinking the urea solution:

Blowing out into a test tube.

Slide 12

H. pylori breath test – gas chromatograph reads results.

Slide 13

How the test works.Ammonia identified in exhaled air.This is due to H. pylori conversion ofUrea into ammonia.

Slide 14

Results that provide further proof of the connection between H pylori and ulcers.

H pylori removed within 2 weeks after taking antibiotics!

Slide 15

Communicating their findings

Slide16

Book: The Ease & Difficulty of a New Discovery.

Author: Robin Warren

Acceptance at last!

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Slide 18

Nobel prize announced - 2005

From initial discovery in1981 until acknowledgmentby the scientific communityin 2005!

Slide 19

H. pylori in the blood

Spread by povertyand down throughthe families!

Now thoughtto be responsible for stomach cancer and heart disease. RemoveH pylori and reduce the risk!

Further findings…

Simple prevention!

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