Maarja Kristian, Veterinary and Food Board, Estonia, African swine fever in Estonia

M A A R J A K R I S T I A N

H E L E N P R O M M I K

1

African swine fever in Estonia

Veterinary and Food Board 2

Director General

VETERINARY AND FOOD BOARD

Deputy Director General

Lawyer

Animal Health,

Welfare and

Feedingstuffs Dept.

Animal Health Office

Animal Welfare Office

Feedingstuffs Office

Food Dept.

Office for Food of

Animal Origin

Office for Retail, Organic

Farming and Food of Non-

animal Origin

Trade, Import and

Export Dept.

Surveillance and Control

Office

Luhamaa BIP

Muuga and Baldiski BIP

Narva BIP

Animal Breeding and

Market Regulation

Dept.Office of Animal Breeding

Office of Genetic

Resources

Market Regulation Office

Alcohol Regulation Office

General Dept.

Accounting Office

Budgeting Office

Personnel Office

Administrative Office

IT Office

County Veterinary Centres (15) Authorised Veterinarians

Deputy Director General

African swine fever (ASF) 3

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease of pigs, warthogs, European wild boar and American wild pigs

All age groups are equally susceptible

ASF is characterized by high fever, loss of appetite, haemorrhages in the skin and internal organs

Death in 2-10 days on average

Mortality can be up to 100%

Why has ASF spread so widely? 4

Farms not following biosecurity rules

Violation of veterinary rules

Human error

Spreading with wild boars –hard to control

Virus is very resistant in the environment and hence fast and total elimination is hard to achieve:

In frozen meat – for many years

In salted meat for 310 days

In smoked meat for 6 months

In soil more than 6 months

In carcasses for 2-3months

ASF in wild boars 5

Population dynamics for the years 2009-2013

Wild boar density

Hunters estimation for the number of wild boar (2014): 19 710

*Source of information: Estonian Environment

Agency

Wild boar population

Chronology (1) 6

First case of wild boar:

On 2nd September 2014 one wild boar piglet was found dead in Valga distric, Hummuli parish, 6 km from the Latvian border

Samples taken: spleen, tonsils, kidneys

Preliminary results from National Reference Laboratory (RT-PCR, ELISA)

On 5th September confirmation from EU reference laboratory for African swine fever: RT-PCR positive, IPT positive

ASFV belongs to genotype II

Possible source of infection: movement of infected wild board from infected area (Latvia)

Chronology (2) 7

Location of the first case

Chronology (3) 8

Second case:

On 7th of September 2014 one dead wild boar was found in Viljandi district, Tarvastu parish, 25 km from the first wild boar location

Confirmation from NRL on 9th of September

Chronology (4) 9

3rd case:

Strangely behaved wild boar was shot in Ida-Viru county on 14th of September 2014, Lüganuse parish, 220 km from the second wild boar case location

Source of infection: unknown, possible human interaction

Map with the locations of 3 cases/outbreaks 10

Following actions 11

Measures according to Council Directive 2002/60/EC have been applied:

Establishing infected area – 200 km2

Testing of wild boars

Restrictions to pig farms in infected area

By the end of 2014 (1) 12

Positive cases and infected areas

Location

Number of positive wild boars

Case no 1/Infected area 1 15







TOTAL 73

By the end of 2014 (2) 13

7 infected areas had been established

ASF in wild boars – 2015 Infected areas

14

ASF in wild boars – 2015 laboratory testing (as of

08.11.2015) (1)

15

In total 6683 tested wild boars

682 found dead

5995 hunted

6 culled

2014-2015 736 positive wild boars

No of infected area

No positive wild boars in

2014

No of positive wild boars in 2015

Total number of positive wild boars

2014-2015

1 12 30 42

2 47 130 177

3 3 20 23

4 1 39 40

5 8 58 66

6 1 46 47

7 1 5 6

8 40 40

9 12 12

10 12 12

11 64 64

12 20 20

13 2 2

14 12 12

15 36 36

16 117 117

17 13 13

18 3 3

19 2 2

20 9 9

21 1 1

22 4 4

Total 73 663 736

ASF in domestic pigs 1st case (1)

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In the middle of July the owner (Valga county) noticed the continuous loss of appetite

The owner notified authorized veterinarian that her pig has no appetite, is depressed and skin has turned red

By the morning of 18th of July the pig had died

Authorized veterinarian informed animal health inspector in county veterinary centre who isnpected the farm:

Autopsy: abnormal enlargement of spleen

Samples: blood, kidneys, spleen


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On 20.07 Veterinary and Food Laboratory confirmed ASF diagnose

Measures taken by VFB:

Restrictions on the farm, epidemiological investigation, notification

Zoning and restrictions on the farms in the zones

Destruction of the carcass in the rendering plant

Cleaning and disinfection of the farm

Possible source of the infection: human


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Location of the farm and zones

ASF in domestic pigs 2nd and 3rd case (1)

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On 16th of July the owner noticed depression and loss of appetite in one of his pig farms, on the 18th of July he notices the same clinical signs in his other pig farm. Some pigs had already died In total 546 pigs were kept in two farms

On 19th of July veterinarians visited both farms and carried out clinical examination and took samples: Blood, kidney, spleen

On 20th of July Veterinary and Food Laboratory confirmed ASF diagnose

Measures taken by VFB: Restrictions on the farm, epidemiological investigation Zoning and restrictions on the farms in the zones Destruction of the carcasses in the rendering plant Cleaning and disinfection of the farm

ASF in domestic pigs 2nd and 3rd case (2)

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Location of the farms and zones

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ASF in domestic pigs Current situation (1)

22 No of the outbreak Location

Date of the confirmation No of culled pigs

1 Valga county 21.07.2015 1

2 Viljandi county 21.07.2015 355

3 Viljandi county 21.07.2015 191 4 Viljandi county 28.07.2015 6

5 Tartu county 30.07.2015 1186 + (145)

6 Järva county 30.07.2015 483

7 Valga county 31.07.2015 3

8 Lääne-Viru county 04.08.2015 2


10 Jõgeva county 08.08.2015 6426

11 Võru county 12.08.2015 1868


13 Valga county 19.08.2015 5

14 Jõgeva county 20.08.2015 2329

15 Tartu county 25.08.2015 3804

16 Valga county 25.08.2015 120


18 Võru county 22.09.2015 104 (cross-breed)

Total 22 119 (+145)

ASF in domestic pigs Current situation (2)

23

Map with surveillance zones of 18 infected farms

Cooperation 24

National Disease Control Centre meeting

Local Disease Control Centre meeting

Several meetings with hunting organizations, pig farmers

Biosecurity

Hunting

Additional feeding

Hunting, feeding 25

According to the decree of Envirnomental Board:

Bating is not allowed during the period of 01.10.2015-30.04.2016

Hunting from hides – bating is allowed (100 kg per slot, on the fround 10 kg of feed)

Driven hunts are allowed ( it was not allowed since autumn 2014)

Preventive/control measures (1) 26

All live pig transport vehicles from Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation and Belarus have 48 hours standstill before entering the farm and new loading

Additional cleaning and disinfection on the territory of Estonia must be carried out and proved with documents

Import ban for non-heat treated feed from the infected areas in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation and Belarus

Luhamaa BIP (approved for live animal imports)- documentary and physical checks for cleaning and disinfection


In cooperation with Customs – personal luggage checks

Awareness campaigns

Leaflets in 2 languages – posted directly to farmers

TV, radio, press notices

Special webpage http://www.agri.ee/et/seakatk

http://www.agri.ee/et/seakatk

http://www.agri.ee/et/seakatk


Challenges Destruction of carcasses (1)

29

Destruction of carcasses vs capacity of rendering plant

Capacity 50 tons

Need to destroy 350 tons from one farm

How? When?

Challenges Destruction of carcasses (2)

30

Burial of carcasses Identification of the site

Burial (workers, skills, equipment)

Environmental protection

Concern from civilians

Animal of the year 2015 – (wise) wild boar

31

Thank you for your attention!

Government & Nonprofit

Maarja Kristian, Veterinary and Food Board, Estonia, African swine fever in Estonia