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Smart Urban Water Grids

Albert E. JansenWater Innovation Consulting (WIC)

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Content

• Current urban non-sustainable water system• System stress• The Solution: SUWG• Several examples of sustainable solutions• Summary

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Climate Change:Water scarcity

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Source:Deltares

Climate Effect Atlas – Amsterdam – Scenario G2050

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Source: Global Risks Reports 2014-2015, World Economic Forum

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Smart Urban Water Grids• Surface water canals: mobility, floating treatment• Drinking water from rain fall catchments• Hot Water supply (industry to urban)• Nutriënts supply from household/industry to Urban Agro• Procces water from household waste water• Medicin removal from hospitals and households

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Autarkic houses

Floating Water Treatment Cascade

The development of modular flexible constructs on demand can relief the socio-economic pressure that results from climate change, population growth

and increasing urbanization.

More specifically, the Floating Water Treatment Cascade contributes to water security and to a circular and bio-based economy by preventing the waste of fresh water

and the waste of raw materials.

System DesignWater reuse Shower

safety, stability and sealing

usable on almost every surface

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Eautarcie (website)Parameters Eenheden Min

waarde Max Gem.waarde

Normen voor drinkwater

Zuurgraad: pH - 6,31 8,01 7,23 6,5 - 9,5

Geleidbaarheid µS/cm 36 190 90 < 2100

Nitraten NO3

2 mgN/l 0,2 4,7 1,5 < 11,3

Ammonium NH4

+ mgN/l 0,010 0,059 0,022 < 0,5

Chloriden Cl- mg/l 1,0 16,7 6,5 < 350Sulphaten SO4

2- mg/l < 8 < 8 < 8 < 250

Calcium mg/l 4,3 15,3 10,1 < 270Magnesium mg/l 0,14 0,52 0,21 < 50Zink µg/l 50 1731 466 < 5000Ijzer µg/l < 50 < 50 < 50 < 200Cadmium µg/l < 10 < 10 < 10 < 50Lood µg/l < 50 < 50 < 50 < 50

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Surface area needed to match rainfall with drinking water demand

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Drivers

Issue Solution• Health Drinking water contains: nutriënts, EDC’s, heavy

metals and hardness

• Sustainability No CO2, 90 % less energy, no chemicals higher WWTP efficiency and energy- and nutriënt recovery

• Scarcity Use of water in stead of spilling to sea

• City Rainproof Storage and Use

• Economy Lower societal costs ; business opportunity

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Sustainability

Drinkingwater/m3: Leiduin Weesperkaspel Hemel(s)waterkg CO2 - eq. 0,225 0,242 < 0

kWh elec. 0,446 0,403 0,0101

kg chemicals NaOH 0,104 0,098 0,000 HCl 0,018 0,020 0,000 FeCl3 0,028 0,112 0,000 Active carbon 0,012 0,013 0,000 CaCO3 0,000 0,000 0,100

1 MF 0,2 bar Bron: Waternet 2015

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Water quality

Drinking water• Poluted sources• For some inpurities • Drinking water guidlines are

a technical – health compromise

Hemel(s)water• Rain is very pure source• Run fall shoulb be kept

clean• Treatment to remove

nutrients and or minor bacteria to garantee safety

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WHO Drinking water guidelines 6.2 Rainwater harvesting

• Rainwater harvesting is widely practiced at a household level but is increasingly being used on a larger community scale. Rainwater can provide an important source of drinking-water in some circumstances as well as a useful source of water for blending with other sources to reduce the levels of contaminants of health concern, such as arsenic and fluoride.

• The development of formal WSPs at the household level may not always be practical, but promotion of sanitary inspection with simple good practice is important.

• Well-designed rainwater harvesting systems with clean catchments, covered cisterns and storage tanks, and treatment, as appropriate, supported by good hygiene at point of use, can offer drinking-water with very low health risk.

• Further treatment at the point of consumption may be applied to ensure better quality of drinking-water and reduce health risk. Solar water disinfection and point of use chlorination are examples of low-cost disinfection options for the treatment of stored rainwater. These and other household water treatment technologies are discussed in more detail in sections 7.3.2 (microbial) and 8.4.4 (chemical).

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Toepassingen

1. Family (3 p.); Drinking water – 8 l/day - <0,5 l/h

2. Family (3 p.); Drinking + Shower water 200 l/day – 8 l/h

3. Sport bar (10.000 glasses/week); 3 m3/week – 17 l/h

4. Eco village (20 p.); Drinking water 60 l/day – 2,5 l/h

5. Eco village (60 p.); Drinking water 180 l/day – 7 l/h

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IBC 1: Rain water storageOptional: nutrient removal

IBC 2: Drinking water storageOptional: desinfection

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IBC 1: Rain water storageOptional: nutrient removal

IBC 2: Drinking water storageOptional: desinfection

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Water Treatment Technologies

Membrane Filtration Membrane distillation

BUIKSLOTERHAM IS RAINPROOF AND HAS RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WASTE WATER

Circulair Buiksloterham

• All rainwater is managed above ground with the capacity to handle heavy peak rainfall without flooding or nuisance; Buiksloterham is a “rainproof” part of the city

• Domestic & commercial water demand is reduced by 25%• Different quality levels of water are matched to different end uses:

drinking water is used intelligently for only high quality functions• Wastewater is mostly source separated; heavily polluted water is not

mixed with lightly polluted water (ideally, yellow and black water are collected separately)

• Most of the total nutrients and other resources from wastewater are recovered in usable form with a target of full recovery; heat should be recovered from wastewater where possible & sensible

• Most of the micropollutants from wastewater are fully removed

Waternet

Circulair Buiksloterham

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RainproofBuilding

Amsterdam Rainproof

DakAkker Rotterdam

a building with a

SMARTROOF smart waterstorage

www.dakakker.nl

DakAkker

• 1.000 m2 rooftopfarm realized in Rotterdam• Plan = 20.000 m2 rooftopfarm• With Smartroofs (retentionroofs) that

anticipate on the weather forecasts(It ‘s a real Dutch landscape on the a roof with dykes, locks and windmills…)

www.dakakker.nl

Actief in de volgende markten: Civiel

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Smart Urban Water Grids

A solution for water stress in citiesHealthier populationA promis to sustainabilityAn ad-on to rainproof buildingsIn the end: water-autarkic cities?