Google Project Loon

Presented By :SHAHZAD AHMAD

Under the guidance of:Mr. Ashutosh SinghDepartment of Electronics EngineeringHBTI,Kanpur

GOOGLE PROJECT LOON

“Two out of every three people on earth do not have internet access”

Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google

Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space , designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.

Project loon preview

history equipment technology

working reception Adv/disadvantages

SPACE DATA INC.

In 2001, Space Data Inc. , suggested an idea to widen the cellular coverage for the rural areas in the united States. The idea was to have wireless transceivers carried aloft on weather balloons, launched by the National Weather Service(NSW).

For the past 60 years, the NSW is launching 70 balloons twice a day across the country to collect the weather information . The weather balloons are in fact floating above specific areas for about 24 hours at about 30 km .

“ The balloon can be a mini and cheaper cell tower in the sky “.

1.HISTORY

1.HISTORYSPACE DATA INC:

It also started to launch its own cheap biodegradable latex weather balloons and provide private networks to truckers and oil companies.

One balloon with a weight of 1.5 kg, a size of 7.6 m (25ft) when fully inflated, can cover a 670 km diameter coverage circle below.

It currently covers only Texas, New Mexico and Louisiana .

GOOGLE PROJECT LOON:

In 2008, Google had considered contracting with or acquiring Space Data Inc. , but didn’t do so.

Unofficial development on the project began in 2011 under incubation in GoogleX.

The project was officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013

1.HISTORYTHE PILOT TEST :

Two days after it’s announcement (on 16 June 2013),Google began a pilot experiment in new Zealand.

A small group of project loon pioneers tested the technology in Christchurch and Canterbury.

30 balloons were launched 20 km in sky.

About 50 local users tested the connections to the aerial wireless network at up to 3G speed using special antennas.

2.EQUIPMENT

2.1 ENVELOPE 2.2 SOLAR PANEL 2.3 PAYLOAD

2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:loon’s balloons envelopes

are made from sheets of thin strong polyester film about 0.076 mm thick and stand 15 meters wide and 12 meters tall when fully inflated.

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The loon balloon must resist high pressure than a normal weather balloon. That’s why Such super pressure balloons require polyester sheets since it strongly keeps from stretching and popping even at high altitude of 40 km.

Inside envelope, there is another chamber, called bladder. The balloon can move up or down a 1.7 km range through the bladder system. This system can

help to choose suitable wind currents in stratosphere.

To have the balloon descended, a fan powered by the solar energy fills the bladder with air to make it heavier. Likewise, the fan vents air in the bladder, which causes it to rise.

When being out of the service, it releases gas from the envelope and descends slowly to the ground. It rarely happens, but when the balloon drops quickly , it uses the parachute on the top of the envelope.

SOLAR PANEL:Each unit’s electronics

are powered by an array of solar panels that sits between the envelope and the payload.

Solar panels are about the size of a card table and generate enough electricity in four hours to power the transmitter for a day and beam down the Internet signal to ground stations.

In sunny day, these panels produce 100 watts of power ;enough to keep the unit running while also charging a battery for use at night By moving with the wind and charging in the

sun , a loon balloon is able to power itself using only renewable energy sources.

PAYLOAD: The payload is a small box that holds electronic devices, such as circuit boards,

radio antennas, batteries, GPS, flight sensors, and devices to monitor weather conditions.

The circuit board : controls the overall balloon system. Radio antennas : communicate with other balloons and with internet antennas

on ground. Batteries : store solar power so the balloon can operate in night.

3.TECHNOLOGY

a) Solar and battery technologyb) Algorithmic controlc) Wireless Mesh networking

d) ISM bands

a) SOLAR AND BATTERY TECHNOLOGY:

Loon use 600 watt battery, charged by solar panels. These large ,extra light photovoltaic Cells keeps the weight of the balloon less so that they can run for long missions without landing.b) ALGORITHMIC CONTROL:

GoogleX has developed Software that moves the balloon up or down to catch wind current based on their direction to more or less keep the balloon in one area.

c) WIRELESSMESH NETWORKING:

Developing countries can’t afford to lay expensive fibre cable that have to be installed underground to allow user to connect to internet.

Mesh networking sends internet packets from balloon to balloon and sends data to and from homes below that have specially built antenna on their roof.

d) ISM BAND:

Are radio band(6.78 Mhz-245 Ghz) reserved internationally for industrial, scientific and medical purposes other than telecommunication.

ISM bands share the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands for non ISM use because they are typically unlicensed radio frequencies around the world.

Google currently using these bands.

4.WORKING

2. How loon moves

3. How loon connects

1. Where loon situated

Where loon situated : Loon balloon float in the stratosphere at 20km altitude.

Stratosphere is the second layer of atmosphere(altitude range 10-50 km) between troposphere and mesosphere.

Advantage of stratosphere:1. the winds here moves steadily and slowly between 5 and

20 mph.2. commercial airliners fly between 9 and 12 km altitude, thus it avoid airplane traffics.3. most weather phenomena occurs in the troposphere. thus they avoid any adverse weather.4.This sphere is great for solar panel, because there is no cloud to block to sun.

4.WORKINGHow loon moves: Each layer of wind in stratosphere varies in direction. Software algorithms are used to determine where the balloon need to go, then moves it

into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction. By moving with the wind ,the balloons can be arranged to form one large communication

network.

How loon connects: a user with the specialized antenna sends signals via a radio frequency over ISM bands to a

balloon close to him.

The balloon sends the signals to neighbouring balloons.

Then the signals reach the balloon which is connected to the local Internet .

4.WORKING The local ISP receives the data and forwards them via balloons in the sky to the destination.

Finally , the balloon close to the receiver broadcasts the

data to the grounds via a radio frequency over ISM bands.

It provide ground connectivity to an area about 40 km diameter circle at 3G speed.

The special antenna installed outside home receives data.

5.reception

INDIA :

India has expressed it’s interested in Google Inc.’s balloon project

India has the third highest number of Internet users in the world after China and the US at 150 million, but penetration accounts for just 12.58% of the country’s population of 1.2 billion.

connectivity is one of the key challenges in India.

BILL GATES :

Bill gates criticized Google loon and says that:

It’s not going to uplift the poor and it’s not an area that he’ll be putting money into.

“When you’re dying of malaria, I suppose you’ll look up and see that balloon, and I’m not sure how it’ll help you. When a kid gets diarrhoea, no, there’s no website that relieves that, "gates said.

CNES():

France space agency,CNES, announced it’s partnership with Google to develop project loon.

CNES has been researching stratosphere and balloon technology for decades.

MARK ZUKERBERG :

It’s regular carrier that will do most of the work reaching billions of people who lacks internet access not sci-fi ideas like loon

The regular carriers are doing a good job but where it isn’t efficient enough to cost effectively serve people there’s a role for sci-fi ideas

He also said that "connectivity is a human right."

6.Advantages/disadvantages

1.Cheaper internet2.3G speed3.GPS expansion4.exploration

1.Crash incidents2.Stratosphere regulatory hurdle3.Political hurdle4.Negotiate with countries to buy radio frequencies5.Cost of operation is not revealed by google

5.Disaster management6.Remote communication7.Launching balloon does not require higher technical skills8.Intelligence gathering9.Satellite recreation10.Scientific data collection11.Wheather surveillance

References :

http://www.google.com/loon/

http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/projectloon

http://www.youtube.com/googleloon

http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnvillasenor/2013/06/16/can-google-fly-its-internet-balloons-wherever-it-wants/

http://readwrite.com/2013/06/19/a-handy-guide-to-google-project-loon#awesm=~onut8LsNNgRW2R

http://www.spacedata.net/