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Systematic Searching in OsloWorkshop
Janneke Staaks
February 26, 2015
Universiteitsbibliotheek
Janneke Staaks
@jstaaks
Specialist Wetenschappelijke Informatie
Psychology
Child Development and Education
Anthropology
Formulate search question
Systematic searching in databases
Inclusion / exclusion criteria
Critical appraisal (validity / relevance)
Analysing data
4
Search Technique
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735
snake phobia.ti,ab,id. 114
snake fear.ti,ab,id. 58
Ophidiophobia/ 300
1 OR 2 OR 3 381
Syntax
Find new words:
Ophidiophobia/ NOT (snake phobi* OR
snake fear* OR ophidiophobi*).ti,ab,id.
100 results
Controlled vocabulary
Subject headings, Mesh terms, Thesaurus etc.
Ophidiophobia/
Free text terms
title, abstract etc. (may vary across databases)
snake fear.ti,ab,id.
*, ? en #
fear* ADJ3 speak*
speaking fears
fearful of speaking
fear of public speaking
public speaking fear
speaker’s subjective fear
Wildcards
*, ? en #
fear* ADJ2 speak*
speaking fears
fearful of speaking
fear of public speaking
public speaking fear
speaker’s subjective fear
Wildcards
((("semi-structured" OR semistructured OR
unstructured or informal OR "in-depth" OR
indepth OR "face-to-face" OR structured OR
guide OR guides) ADJ3 (interview* OR
discussion* OR questionnaire*)).ti,ab,id. OR
(focus group* OR qualitative OR ethnograph*
OR fieldwork OR "field work" OR "key
informant")).ti,ab,id. OR exp qualitative
research/ OR exp interviews/ OR exp group
discussion/ OR qualitative study.md. NOT
“literature review".md.
10
Research Question
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735
Development of children from mothers with
epilepsy (anti-epileptics during pregnancy)
PICO(S)
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
(Study)
What is the effect of taking antiepileptics while
pregnant on the development of the child?
Population: Pregnant women with epilepsy
Intervention: anti-epileptics
Comparison: none
Outcome: development of child
Study: cohort studies and observational
research
Key concepts
#1 Pregnancy outcomes
#2 Anti-epileptics
#3 Development of a child
#4 Cohort Studies and observational research
Does it matter?
Pregnancy outcomes
AND
Anti-epileptics
Pregnancy
AND
Epilepsy
AND
Development
Does it matter?
Pregnancy outcomes
AND
Anti-epileptics
3.636 results 6.709 results
Pregnancy
AND
Epilepsy
AND
Development
Reference set
Pregnancy outcomes
AND
Anti-epileptics
3.636 results 6.709 results
Pregnancy
AND
Epilepsy
AND
Development
Be practical
PICO
Plus domain (diagnosis, prognosis, therapy)
Dependent plus independent variables
X causes Y
X is correlated with Y
Plus population
SPICE
Methodology 17
Search Strategy
SPICE
Setting – Where? In what context?
Perspective – For who?
Phenomenon of Interest – What?
Comparison – what else?
Evaluation – How well? What result?
Example
Setting – Community health services
Perspective – Caregivers of people with
dementia
Phenomenon of Interest – Reminiscence
therapy
Comparison – none
Evaluation – attitudes, coping skills
Source: http://esquiresheffield.pbworks.com/f/Focusing.pdf
20
Pauze
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735
21
Reporting a search
Reported number of results: 1.527 results
Just ‘normal’ search terms: 18.564 results
Just Subject Headings: 1.112 results
22
Reproducibility
23
Reporting Combinations
27
Case
https://www.flickr.com/photos/lst1984/902028093/sizes/l/
Database selectie (slide 29)
Vertaling van zoekopdracht naar andere
systemen (slide 33)
Zoektermen genereren (slide 35)
Reporting guidelines (slide 36)
Aanvullende zoekstrategieen (slide 40)
File drawer probleem (slide 41)
Ontdubbelen (slide 42)28
Menukaart
https://www.flickr.com/photos/lst1984/902028093/sizes/l/
Medline vs Pubmed
Embase
Number of databases
The usual suspects, plus..
specialistic database(s)
Citation tracking => Web of
Science/Scopus/Google Scholar
Be practical
29
Database selection
Size and coverage
Years of coverage,
languages
Database usability
Field search, special search syntax, subject headings,
number of titles that you can export to reference manager
software, etc.
Database sustainability
Bibliographies > catalogues (including discovery services)30
Database selection
http://www.flickr.com/photos/booleansplit/3813998921
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
ERIC CINAHL PsycINFO Embase Medline
Databases
Medline 530 titles
PsycINFO 238 titles
Cinahl 108 titles
Cochrane 24 titles
Embase 958 titles
Parenting Stress of Parents with children with Epilepsy
+ 516
+ 88
+ 33
Retrieved May 24, 2012 with A. Ridderinkhof
+ 8
EMBASE
Medline
P
OvidSP
EBSCO
Proquest
Pubmed
Other Publishers
Ophidiophobia/ OR snake fear.ti,ab.
(MH "Ophidiophobia") OR TI "snake fear"
OR AB "snake fear"
SU.EXACT("Ophidiophobia") OR
TI ("snake fear") OR AB ("snake fear")
Ophidiophobia[mh] OR "snake fear"[tiab]
PsycINFO
Medline
Other databases
Ophidiophobia/ OR snake fear.ti,ab,id.
Phobic disorders/ OR snake fear.ti,ab.
35
Search Terms
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735
General - specific
ethnic minority or Asian
physiological measures or cortisol
Synonyms and related terms
social phobia or social anxiety or blushing
Acronyms
Major Depressive Disorder or MDD
Search terms
Spelling
US – UK: behavior or behaviour
Single - plural: child or children
Verb tenses: cry, crying or cried etc
Opposites
fertility or infertility
Historical language
Changes in DSM
Search terms
• PRISMA statement: Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis
• MARS: Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards from
the 6th edition of the APA manual
• MEC2IR reporting standards from the Campbell
Collaboration
• MOOSE (Meta-Analysis and Systematic Reviews
of Observational Studies in Epidemiology)
See the EQUATOR network for more standards38
Reporting Guidelines
http://www.flickr.com/photos/performancesolutions/7251161908/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/performancesolutions/7251161908/
• PRISMA statement• Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews
and Meta-Analysis
39
PRISMA
Complementary Search Strategies
Citation tracking
Web of Science and Google Scholar (cited by..)
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors
Hand searching
Journals
Conference proceedings
Consulting experts
File drawer problem
Statistics
Unpublished research
Contacting authors
Clinicaltrials.gov
International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from
the World Health Organization (WHO)
Grey literature
Dissertations
Conference Proceedings
https://www.flickr.com/photos/rdennis/11948643
42
Reference Manager Software
https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735
RefworksReference Manager
Endnote
Reference manager software and
systematic reviews
Step 1: Export all references into folders
One folder per database
Most databases have a limit (500 titles per export)
Step 2: Copy the content into one folder
Step 3: Deduplicate
Let the software make a selection..
..but check the duplicates yourself!
Use sort and compare page numbers
And then..
Assessment options
Cochrane handbook: “should be done by at least two
people, independently”
Export to excel
Remove Author name and/or Journal title
Work with folders or keywords to keep track of your
progress
Bijscholing
Afdeling Biomedische
Informatie (BMI)
Werkgroep CBN http://www.bmi-online.nl/cbn/
Belgie Campbell Groep
http://www.campbell-
collaboration.be/Belgian_Campbell_collaboration/Welcome.
html
https://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/6486005213
More information
Cochrane handbook
http://handbook.cochrane.org/
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (York)
Database (critical assessment)
Guidance (Book: Systematic Reviews: CRD's guidance for
undertaking systematic reviews in health care)
Campbell collaboration
Prisma Statement
www.prisma-statement.org
https://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/6486005213
More information
Search filters
Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis
Review Group (CCDAN)
Cochrane or Campbell Library
Search filters – study design or focus
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
InterTASC Information Specialists' Sub-Group Search Filter
Resource
https://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/6486005213
