Social Media Contest• Teaching Florida

https://twitter.com/TeachingFlorida @TeachingFlorida #Civil War Session 1

• YouTube video https://www.youtube.com/user/FloridaHumanities

• Florida Humanities Council https://www.facebook.com/floridahumanitiescouncil?fref=nf

• Florida Humanities Council https://www.linkedin.com/company/florida-humanities-council?goback=

Assessment

Please answer the following questions1.What caused the U.S. Civil War?2.What role did the State of Florida serve during Civil War (brief summary)3.Which Civil War perspective(s) is discussed in your school issued textbook?4.What grade level(s) do you teach and how do you teach the Civil War?

What Caused The U.S. Civil War?

La-Shanda C. WestTF Alumni Coordinator

Florida Humanities CouncilThe Civil War in Florida Seminar

July 24 – 27, 2014

Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the

Civil War by Charles B. Dew• “Historians seem no

more able to agree on the causes of the war than the public at large. Indeed the slavery versus states’ rights argument is only the tip of a very large scholarly iceberg.” p. 10

Some leading causation factors• Mason Dixon Line (1763 and 1767)• Three-Fifths Compromise (1783 and 1787) • The Kentucky Resolutions (1798)• Charles Darwin (19th Century)• Missouri Compromise (1820)• Nullification (1832) • Force Bill; High Tariffs (1833)• Declaration of the Immediate Causes…Secession of South Carolina

from the Federal Union (1852)• Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)• Crittenden Compromise (1860)• Stars and Bars of the Confederacy (1861)* Mason-Dixon line a line of demarcation between free and slave states.* The Three-Fifths Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of

1787. However, the Three-Fifth Compromise has its roots further back in history, dating back to the Continental Congress in 1783. The Compromise was a result of the apportionment of taxes being related to land values. - See more at: * First nullification occurred by Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 in response to the Alien and Sedition Act (states’ rights versus national restrictions)

* Thomas R. Dew Defends Slavery and a religious right (1852) All the patriarchs themselves were slaveholders; Abraham had more than three hundred, Isaac had a "great store" of them; and even the patient and meek Job himself had "a very great household."

Statehood

• Florida became the 26th state in the United States on March 3, 1845

• By 1850, the population had grown to 87,445 including about 39,000 African American slaves and 1,000 free Blacks

1s Official Flag of Florida (1861)

FLORIDA IN THE CIVIL WAR• Florida is considered by many historians to be the forgotten state of

the Confederacy. Florida's population in 1861, of 140,000, ranks it as the smallest of all the confederate states. The third state to secede, it would provide about 15,000 troops during the war. These troops would be organized into eleven infantry regiments, two cavalry regiments, a handful of artillery batteries and a variety of smaller organizations. Another important contribution to the Confederacy was the large amount of cattle the state provided to the Confederacy. Also with over 1300 miles of coastline a number of small salt distillers provided much needed salt for the war effort.

• Florida units fought in most of the major battles during the war with brigades in the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of Tennessee. Small units also defended the state from several Yankee invasions during the war and the capital, Tallahassee, remained un captured during the war.

Three monuments that honor the Confederate victory at Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park

• The Battle of Olustee had the highest casualty ratio in the Civil War and was the largest Civil War battle fought in Florida. The Union commander was able to liberate several slaves before the onset of the battle, which although was considered a Confederate victory did showcase the gallantry of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry and the 35th United States Colored Troops, both composed of African-American soldiers.

• These men successfully repulsed the Confederate army's attack on the rear units which allowed the Union soldiers to escape and regroup in Jacksonville. The Confederate commander was reprimanded for his failure.

• After the battle was over, against the norms of war, several wounded and captured black soldiers where clubbed to death or shot by the Confederate troops. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2014/03/29/1288313/-Florida-Legislature-Not-Over-Civil-War-Refuses-Monument-for-American-Union-Soldiers

Mass Grave at Olustee

The Union dead from the

Battle of Olustee were buried

in a mass grave

This cross now marks the site

http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/olustee.html andhttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/28673304

Confederate States of America Flag

Florida’s Secession Flag

Southern ManifestoThursday, December 13, 1860•In response to the House Committee of Thirty-three, thirty Southern congressmen (23 representatives and seven senators) met to draw up their own plan. United States congressmen from Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, and South Carolina met to talk of secession and to come up with a plan to leave the Union. At this meeting “The Southern Manifesto” was written, authored by Louis Trezevant Wigfall, a senator from Texas. “All hope of relief in the Union through the agency of committees, Congressional legislation, or constitutional amendments, is extinguished.” The republicans were the problem. They “are resolute in the purpose to grant nothing that will or ought to satisfy the South.” Because of this impasse, the Southern congressmen concluded that “the honor, safety, and independence of Southern people require the organization of a Southern Confederacy.”

Florida Convention of the People, Ordinance of Secession, 1861

Transcript

• We, the people of the State of Florida in Convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish and declare: That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the Confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America, and from the existing Government of said States: and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be and the same is hereby totally annulled, and said union of States dissolved: and the State of Florida is hereby declared a Sovereign and Independent Nation: and that all ordinances heretofore adopted in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded: and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union be and they are hereby repealed.

Done in open Convention, January 10th, A. D. 1861.• John C. McGehee President.

• http://www.newseum.org/exhibits-and-theaters/temporary-exhibits/blood-and-ink/index.html

• "Blood and Ink: Front Pages From the Civil War" showcases more than 30 historic front pages from the Newseum collection spanning the length of the war, from the birth of the Confederacy to the death of President Abraham Lincoln. Front pages from Northern and Southern newspapers show both Union and Confederate viewpoints while illuminating the challenges faced by reporters on the battlefield and the new technologies that revolutionized war reporting.

Resources for Teachers• Florida Standards

Florida CPALMS and Social Studies http://www.cpalms.org/Public/

• Museum of Florida http://www.museumoffloridahistory.com/exhibits/permanent/civilwar/

• University of Houston (Civil War) http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraid=7&smtid=1

• National Archives Document Analysis Worksheet http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/

Mason-Dixon line

Mason-Dixon line a line of demarcation between free and slave states.

Charles DarwinSacred Cause: Race, Slavery and the Quest for Human Origins

• …‘make the black man [an] other kid’, sub-human, a beast to be chained.

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle or Life

• “Survival of the fittest;” slaves endure the hash climate conditions therefore they were meant to be enslaved?

J. B. Van Evrie, Negroes and Negro “Slavery” (1861)

Mary Henderson Eastman, Aunt Phillis’s Cabin (1860)

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

• In Dred Scott v. Sandford (argued 1856; decided 1857), the Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. The Court also ruled that Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories. Finally, the Court declared that the rights of slave owners were constitutionally protected by the Fifth Amendment because slaves were categorized as property.

Reference• Ordinance of Session of the 13 Confederate States of America; Ordinance

of Session of Florida http://www.civil-war.net/pages/ordinances_secession.asp

• Museum of Florida History http://www.museumoffloridahistory.com/exhibits/permanent/civilwar/

• FLORIDA IN THE CIVIL WAR http://www.floridaconfederate.com/floridaroom.html

• Letter Mason-Dixon Line (image) www.occidentalenclave.org • to Horace Greeley• http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/greeley.htm• Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/landmark_dred.html • Compromise of 1850 http://www.doc1850.webs.com/ • Stars and Bars of the Confederate Battle Flag

http://www.usflag.org/history/confederatestarsandbars.html

• Confederate States of America - Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union (1852) http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp

• Confederate States of America - Inaugural Address of the President of the Provisional Government http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_csainau.asp

• The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 http://www.constitution.org/cons/kent1798.htm

• Southern Manifesto http://civilwardailygazette.com/2010/12/13/the-southern-manifesto-and-casss-last-straw/

• J. B. Van Evrie, Negroes and Negro “Slavery” (1861) http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/cc/sg/proslavery-literature.pdf

• Civil War Academy http://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-battles-in-florida.html

• Florida's Role in the Civil War: "Supplier of the Confederacy" http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/cvl_war/cvl_war1.htm

• Ordinance of Secession, 1861 From: Florida Convention of the People, Ordinance of Secession, 1861, Series S972 http://www.floridamemory.com/exhibits/floridahighlights/secession/

• A Brief History of Florida http://www.flheritage.com/facts/history/summary/ • Thomas R. Dew Defends Slavery (1852) http://

wwnorton.com/college/history/archive/resources/documents/ch15_03.htm

• Florida and the Civil War By: Martha Leonard Published: February 29, 2012 http://www.humanities360.com/index.php/florida-and-the-civil-war-8214/

• Flags of Florida http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl2.html#1861off • The Role of Florida during the American Civil War By: Jerome Carter Published:

December 10, 2011 http://www.humanities360.com/index.php/the-role-of-florida-during-the-american-civil-war-9327/

• Florida UNDER CIVIL STRIFE THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION http://floridahistory.org/civilwar.htm

• The American Battlefield Protection Program http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/FLmap.htm and http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/CWSII/CWSACReportFloridaUpdate.pdf

• 1861 April 3: The Crittenden Compromise (James Buchanan role of (Then US President James Buchanan’s role in “preserving the union”) http://thecivilwarandnorthwestwisconsin.wordpress.com/2011/04/04/1861-april-3-the-crittenden-compromise/

• Nullification Crisis http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-50.htm • CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-

war/crittenden-compromise• Crittenden Compromise http://thomaslegion.net/crittendencompromise.html