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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:What caused the Cold War, and what was the U.S. What caused the Cold War, and what was the U.S.
strategy during the Cold War?strategy during the Cold War?How did the U.S. government try to control the How did the U.S. government try to control the
development of atomic weapons?development of atomic weapons?How did the Marshall Plan help block the spread How did the Marshall Plan help block the spread
of communism in Europe?of communism in Europe?How did the Western Allies respond to Soviet How did the Western Allies respond to Soviet
expansion?expansion?
Section 2: The Cold War BeginsSection 2: The Cold War Begins
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
The Cold WarThe Cold WarMajor economic, political, and philosophical Major economic, political, and philosophical
differences between U.S. and Soviet Union made differences between U.S. and Soviet Union made them enemies.them enemies.
As Soviet Union expanded, the United States As Soviet Union expanded, the United States responded with policy of containment.responded with policy of containment.
Section 2: The Cold War BeginsSection 2: The Cold War Begins
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
What Is communism?What Is communism?A collective ideology- calls for the community A collective ideology- calls for the community
ownership of land and productive properties (factories, ownership of land and productive properties (factories, mines, distribution chains etc…)mines, distribution chains etc…)
Belief that individual holders of productive property Belief that individual holders of productive property use it to exploit working classuse it to exploit working class
Theories developed by Karl Marx- stage theory of Theories developed by Karl Marx- stage theory of communist revolutions based on assumptionscommunist revolutions based on assumptionsConflict between business class and workers must happen.Conflict between business class and workers must happen.Religion is a drug used by the privileged classes to keep Religion is a drug used by the privileged classes to keep
control over workerscontrol over workersA “Dictatorship of the Proletariat” would lead to a free A “Dictatorship of the Proletariat” would lead to a free
classless society”classless society”
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
How Communism Worked in the First Communist StateHow Communism Worked in the First Communist State
The Soviet Union became the first sustaining communist The Soviet Union became the first sustaining communist state in 1918.state in 1918.
The Soviet communist government under Vladimir Lenin The Soviet communist government under Vladimir Lenin and Josef Stalin collectivized farms and took over and Josef Stalin collectivized farms and took over industries. Economic production directed by government 5 industries. Economic production directed by government 5 year plans.year plans.
Capitalism (production of goods and services motivated by Capitalism (production of goods and services motivated by profit) officially ended by Stalinprofit) officially ended by Stalin
All political opposition to communist party crushedAll political opposition to communist party crushedSoviets eager to export communismSoviets eager to export communism
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
Control of atomic weaponsControl of atomic weaponsBaruch Plan imposed penalties on countries that Baruch Plan imposed penalties on countries that
did not follow international rules.did not follow international rules.Atomic Energy Act created the Atomic Energy Atomic Energy Act created the Atomic Energy
Commission in the United States to oversee Commission in the United States to oversee research and promote peacetime uses of atomic research and promote peacetime uses of atomic energy.energy.
Section 2: The Cold War BeginsSection 2: The Cold War Begins
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
Question to considerQuestion to consider
How might the nuclear technology developed in How might the nuclear technology developed in America to defeat the axis be a concern with its America to defeat the axis be a concern with its allies, especially the Soviet Union?allies, especially the Soviet Union?
How might the Soviet Union try to counter the How might the Soviet Union try to counter the nuclear capabilities of America?nuclear capabilities of America?
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Planalleviated economic problems, making countries alleviated economic problems, making countries
were less vulnerable to communismwere less vulnerable to communismstabilized European economiesstabilized European economiesled to European economic recoveryled to European economic recovery
Section 2: The Cold War BeginsSection 2: The Cold War Begins
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
Western Allies’ responses to Soviet Western Allies’ responses to Soviet expansionexpansioncreated NATOcreated NATOcreated Federal Republic of Germanycreated Federal Republic of Germanysupplied West Berlin during Soviet blockadesupplied West Berlin during Soviet blockade
Section 2: The Cold War BeginsSection 2: The Cold War Begins
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
The Berlin CrisisThe Berlin CrisisBerlin was occupied by the four allied powersBerlin was occupied by the four allied powers
Western part of the city: France, Britain and USWestern part of the city: France, Britain and USEastern part of city: USSREastern part of city: USSR
Western zones unite-This is opposed by the USSRWestern zones unite-This is opposed by the USSRUSSR cut of western road access (autobahn) to Berlin USSR cut of western road access (autobahn) to Berlin
June 24, 1948. Want the surrender of Western BerlinJune 24, 1948. Want the surrender of Western BerlinWestern powers airlift over 2 million tons of supplies Western powers airlift over 2 million tons of supplies
to Berlinto BerlinSoviets end blockade by May 1949-Cold War Victory Soviets end blockade by May 1949-Cold War Victory
for The Westfor The West
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLTSECTION 2
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War Begins
Question:How did the Western Allies try to limit Soviet expansion?
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLTSECTION 2
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War Begins
Western Allies’Responses to
Soviet expansion
created NATO, a military alliance
created FederalRepublic of Germany
supplied West Berlinduring Soviet blockade
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
The Cold War BeginsThe Cold War BeginsHOLTHOLT
The Cold War and America: The Twin Fears of The Cold War and America: The Twin Fears of communism and the Soviet Unioncommunism and the Soviet Union
Fear of Soviet Fear of Soviet CommunismCommunism Fear that communism will Fear that communism will
spread around the world spread around the world and isolate America.and isolate America.
Fear that communist agents Fear that communist agents in America are plotting the in America are plotting the overthrow of American overthrow of American democracydemocracy
Fear of Nuclear WarFear of Nuclear War By 1947, America lost its By 1947, America lost its
nuclear monopolynuclear monopoly Fear that the Soviet Union Fear that the Soviet Union
will use atomic weapons will use atomic weapons against the United States in against the United States in its attempt to spread its attempt to spread communismcommunism
American communities American communities prepared for the possibility prepared for the possibility of nuclear warof nuclear war