Canada Canada After After WWIIWWII

Economy - Industrial Economy - Industrial SectorSector

The “total war” effort The “total war” effort caused the Canadian caused the Canadian economy to grow economy to grow (boom)(boom)

However by war’s end - However by war’s end - in debt over $10 billionin debt over $10 billion

Industrial and Industrial and manufacturing manufacturing productionproduction replaced replaced agriculture as agriculture as Canada’s most Canada’s most important economic important economic sectorsector

Highly skilled Highly skilled workforce created workforce created during warduring war

Economy – Economy – Government Control Government Control &&

Emergence of Crown CorporationsEmergence of Crown Corporations The war created an The war created an

unprecedented demand unprecedented demand for military & civilian for military & civilian goods goods

since Canada was since Canada was Britain’s principal supplier Britain’s principal supplier of war materials until the of war materials until the US entered the warUS entered the war in 1940 created the in 1940 created the

Department of Munitions Department of Munitions and Supply - headed by and Supply - headed by C.D. Howe.C.D. Howe.

Economy – Economy – Government Control Government Control &&

Emergence of Crown CorporationsEmergence of Crown Corporations Under Howe’s Under Howe’s

direction, the direction, the government government created 28 created 28 Crown Crown corporationscorporations (companies owned (companies owned and operated by and operated by the government) the government) for large-scale for large-scale production of production of manufactured manufactured goods goods

Economy – Economy – Impact on Women & Impact on Women &

FamiliesFamilies When men returned When men returned

home, many home, many women left their women left their jobs and returned jobs and returned to their traditional to their traditional role as homemaker role as homemaker

created immediate created immediate employment employment opportunities for opportunities for men men

Economy – Economy – Growth of Infrastructure & ExportsGrowth of Infrastructure & Exports From 1946 to 1957, the country saw rising From 1946 to 1957, the country saw rising

prosperity, fuelled partly by the needs of a prosperity, fuelled partly by the needs of a rapidly growing population (suburbs) for:rapidly growing population (suburbs) for: homes, homes, schools, schools, hospitals, hospitals, roads, and roads, and factories. factories.

Canada’s exports also continued to grow Canada’s exports also continued to grow with its participation in the US-led with its participation in the US-led reconstruction of a war-ravaged Europereconstruction of a war-ravaged Europe

Economy – Economy – Increased Ties to USAIncreased Ties to USA

By the end of the war, the United States emerged By the end of the war, the United States emerged as the most powerful economy in the worldas the most powerful economy in the world

helped the Canadian economy in terms of its helped the Canadian economy in terms of its exports and growth exports and growth

The two countries undertook major building The two countries undertook major building projects such as the St. Lawrence Seaway projects such as the St. Lawrence Seaway

Politics – Recognition Politics – Recognition Canadian WWII contributions were Canadian WWII contributions were

recognized internationally (Dieppe, recognized internationally (Dieppe, Hong Kong, Normandy, Liberation of Hong Kong, Normandy, Liberation of Holland)Holland)

Politics – Conscription Politics – Conscription CrisisCrisis

Prime Minister King managed to Prime Minister King managed to avert (avoid) a conscription crisis, avert (avoid) a conscription crisis, and therefore French-English and therefore French-English relations were strained, not brokenrelations were strained, not broken

Politics – Middle PowerPolitics – Middle Power Canada was Canada was

established as a established as a middle power middle power (smaller than a (smaller than a great power, but great power, but wealthier than wealthier than smaller or poorer smaller or poorer nations) in the nations) in the international international community community (Between USA (Between USA and USSR)and USSR)

International Politics - International Politics - UNUN

Founding member of the United Nations (UN) Founding member of the United Nations (UN) in 1945in 1945

aims of UN are to:aims of UN are to: maintain international peace and security maintain international peace and security safeguard safeguard human rightshuman rights provide a mechanism for provide a mechanism for international lawinternational law promote social and economic progress, improve promote social and economic progress, improve

living standardsliving standards, and fight , and fight diseasesdiseases. .

ratified a ratified a Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (written in part by Canadian lawyer John Humphrey)

Politics – SocialismPolitics – Socialism

Canadian government played a Canadian government played a larger role in the lives of Canadians larger role in the lives of Canadians (social safety net)(social safety net) Rise of Socialist parties such as the CCF Rise of Socialist parties such as the CCF

in Saskatchewan (led by Tommy in Saskatchewan (led by Tommy Douglas)Douglas)

Led to the Liberals Led to the Liberals (led by PM King) (led by PM King) cutting off the “threat cutting off the “threat from the left” by from the left” by adopting socialist adopting socialist policiespolicies

Politics – Civil RightsPolitics – Civil Rights

Civil rights in Canada advanced after Civil rights in Canada advanced after WWII as a result of the contributions WWII as a result of the contributions of African-Canadian and Aboriginal of African-Canadian and Aboriginal peoplepeople

Social Changes - OverallSocial Changes - Overall Women were recognized for their Women were recognized for their

contributions to the war effort (1 million contributions to the war effort (1 million employed during war)employed during war)

Canada became a more tolerant nationCanada became a more tolerant nation Population increased caused by the “baby Population increased caused by the “baby

boom” and a wave of immigration boom” and a wave of immigration

Social Changes – Social Changes – Increased ImmigrationIncreased Immigration

in 1947, Pier 21 in in 1947, Pier 21 in Halifax reopened Halifax reopened for immigrationfor immigration

processed many processed many war brides war brides (48,000), children (48,000), children (22,000), displaced (22,000), displaced people (DPs) and people (DPs) and refugees (500,000)refugees (500,000)

War Bride

Social ChangesSocial ChangesImpact on Women & Impact on Women &

FamiliesFamilies Marriages that had Marriages that had

been postponed been postponed because of the war because of the war now took place now took place and the “baby and the “baby boom” followed— boom” followed— the birth rate was the birth rate was relatively high for relatively high for more than a more than a decadedecade

Social Changes – Loss of Social Changes – Loss of LifeLife

Canada lost over 42,000 people to Canada lost over 42,000 people to the warthe war