Slide 1

SUBMITED BY : VIJAY L. SAVANI

SUBMITED TO : MRS. MAYRA MAM

BATCH : A-3

CENTER : AHMEDABAD

YEAR : 2015-2016

AcknowledgementI, Vijay Savani, am thankful to Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess Training

for providing me with opportunities to know and understand the Aviation sector for my future

development and career growth.

My sincere gratitude towards my faculty Mrs. Mayra mam for knowledge, strong support and guidance throughout the sessions.

Current affairs in Aviation IndustryAirbus to increase india sourcing to USD 2 billion by 2020:

PARIS (PTI):Bullish on India as a market place as well as a manufacturing hub, leading aircraft maker Airbus on Thursday said it has begun sourcing components for almost all its jets from the country and aims to take its cumulative sourcing from there to US$ 2 billion in the next five years.

Showering fulsome praise for the Modi government's Make in India campaign, Airbus said it's making a large number of products in the country, either directly or through its supply partners, where collectively more than 5,000 people are employed.

Cont..Worlds first 3D-printed jet engine developed in Australia:

MELBOURNE (PTI):In a breakthrough, Australian researchers have unveiled the world's first 3D-printed jet engine that could pave the way for cheaper, lighter and more fuel-efficient jets, attracting the attention of top aircraft makers.

Researchers at Australia's Monash University, in a joint venture with spin-out company Amaero Engineering have printed two engines and put one of them on display at the International Air Show in Avalon, Victoria.

QUESTION 1IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF THE PARTS SHOWN TO YOU:

CockpitCargoExterior partInterior partSlide raftCabin intercommunication systemPassenger service unitJump seat

COCKPIT

A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin.It is a place where from which flight is controlled on the ground and in the air.

CARGOAir Cargo, commonly known as Air Freight, is used for loading baggage of the passengers .A cargo aircraft plane (also known as freight aircraft or freighters) is a fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods, rather than passengers. They are devoid of passenger amenities, and generally feature one or more large doors for the loading and unloading of cargo.

EXTERIOR PARTS

INTERIOR PARTS

SLIDE RAFTSlide raft is an inflatable slide used to evacuate an aircraft quickly during emergency landing.

Slide raft container- parts of the aircraft door/exit that holds the slide raft in a compressed stat.

The escape slides a quick evacuation from the aircraft in case of emergency.

CABIN INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMThe system controls and displays cabin functions for passengers and crew. These include cabin lighting, cockpit/cabin announcements, door status indication, emergency signals, non smoking/fasten seat belt signs, smoke detectors, cabin temperature, etc. The system consists of a central computer , the director, the director interface board, one or more flight attendant panels and a data network for audio transmission in the cabin.

PASSENGER SERVICE UNITThis aircraft component is situated above each seat row in the overhead panel above the passenger seats in the cabin of airlines. It contains reading lights, loudspeakers, illuminated signs and automatically deployed oxygen masks and air conditioning.

JUMP SEATA jump seat refers to an auxiliary seat can be located in cockpits or passenger cabins for cabin crew members . It can be fold up out of the way when not in use. It is especially used during take off and landings. Jump seats are normally located near to emergency exits.

Unaccompanied MinorThe passenger is boarded first and deplaned lastThe ground staff hand over the minor to the cabin crew in charge of the section in which the minor is to be standAll papers & documentation are given to the cabin crew they are to be check thoroughlyEmergency procedures such as usage of oxygen masks and fastening of seat belts is told to the UNMThe location of the galleys, toilets and crew seats are shown to them

VVIPThese passengers are boarded last & deplaned first at the destination. Very often extra security accompanies the flight in which these at these passengers are traveling.Special menus, extra crew are sometimes provided on these flights.The passengers who fall into these category are:Presidents & Head of State of CountriesPM & Heads of Government Etc.

Expectant motherPregnant women are transported only if the term does not exceed 30weeks and if there is no peril of preterm delivery. Information about agreement of air transportation with the medical entity, supported by the medical certificate and document of the attending physician indicating the condition of the pregnant woman and expected date of delivery should be provided to the Carrier. Medical certificate should be made not earlier than 7days prior to the date of departure specified in the ticket. The document of the attending physician should indicate that the flight is not contra-indicated.

Mother with infantThey are usually seated on the carrycot seats. The carrycot/bassinet should be placed soon after take-off & removed when the aircraft starts its descent to the destination.The infant should be on the mothers lap during take-off & landing. They should also be advised to feed the infant at this time & put cotton in the infants ear to prevent pressure distress.Extra amenities like napkins, disposable diapers, feeding bottles (when required), baby food should be offered.

DeporteeA person with invalid immigration documents or one who is being sent back to his country of origin because of some legal/ security matters is a deportee.Often in the latter case he/she is accompanied by extra security. They are boarded last and deplaned last.The senior cabin crew for that zone handles all the paperwork. These passengers are usually seated near the galley area, where the cabin crew can observe them in flight.They are not permitted to deplane at transit halts.

WCHR PassengerThe passenger is boarded first & deplaned last. Often classified as a Wheelchair passenger on the PIL (passenger information list), he/she is handed over to the crew in whose zone he/she is seated.Seriously ill passengers are often accompanied by a relative or a medical personnel like a doctor or a nurse.They are seated close to the toilet. Many airlines have a specially designated Handicap toilet one that is designed with extra amenities to help such passengers.They should be given full assistance throughout the flight till they deplane from the aircraft.

Blind passengerA trained dog may carried in the cabin in-case a passenger who is dependent upon it.The dog has to properly harnessed, restrained and muzzled.Blind passenger along with dog or with any other assistance will board first and deplaned last.

4. DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTS USED IN EMERGENCY? Smoke HoodOxygen BottleFire axeAsbestos GlovesFire ExtinguisherOxygen MaskMega PhoneELTLife Jacket

SMOKE HOODA smoke hood is a protective device similar in concept to a gas mask. A translucent airtight bag seals around the head of the wearer while an air filter held in the mouth connects to the outside atmosphere and is used to breathe. Smoke hoods are intended to protect victims of fire from the effects of smoke inhalation.

OXYGEN BOTTLE

The portable oxygen systems are that provides a constant flow breathing system for up to 3 passengers or crew members. It is intended to supply supplemental or first-aid oxygen.

CONTI. FIRE AXE

To assist in cutting or hacking exits or any area that is blocked during emergencies. Used for ditching and crash landing.Remove from location and take it with you while exiting from the aircraft, erect the antenna, untie the lanyard to find a plastic cover, fill with salt water and immerse the beacon to send signals. Antenna should be in upright position.

ASBESTOS GLOVES

For protection of hands during fire fighting. Asbestos gloves are for protection of hands during fire fighting and it is in the cockpit.

CONTI.FIRE EXTINGUISHERDevices used to contain & overcome fire. They are of two types: Halon & Water.

It is used to extinguish small fire in the aircraft.

OXYGEN MASK

Canisters of pure oxygen placed in the cabin for first aid & smoke fighting purposes.Apassenger service unit (PSU)is an aircraft component situated above each row in the overhead panel above the passengerseatsin thecabinofairliners.Among other things, a PSU contains reading lights, loudspeakers, illuminated signs,air conditionvents, and automatically deployedoxygen masks

Cont. MEGAPHONEHand held loudspeakers used by crew to enable them to direct emergency evacuation procedures by being heard over various sounds associated with the emergency. PA inoperative, Megaphone is used to make important announcement.Crowd control after the wvacuation.

ELT/RADIO BEACON

Emergency locater trans meter is a radio device on board to give out emergency signals on particular frequencies in case of an emergency with no contact with outside world. Found in the bins as well as in the side/rafts. After crash, when activated, assist in the location of the airplane during search and rescue operation.ELT is used during Land Evacuation and ditching.Once it gets in touch of water antenna will go erect and start sending signals.

LIFE JACKET Automatically inflatable vests found under every seat on board to help in floatation during ditching. Childrens life vests are also present in smaller sizes. Passenger life vest is of yellow color and crew and Capts life vest is orange in color.Ensure life jacket is stored each seat or in arm rest.

NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTSmoke HoodRubber HoodPanoramic VisorMulti-layer FilterInhalation/Exhalation ValvePlace In correct locationCheck the validityYellow litmus strip has not turned blue.Before wearing smoke hood remove make up and if bearded wipe or wash fixer gel or lotion applied on bearded.Once O2 depletes or ext. the fire, remove smoke hood away from the fire location.O2 get traps in the hair and if it is removed near fire location may catch fire to your hair.After removing smoke hood ruffle your hair so that trapped O2 can be removed.

.NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTOxygen bottleSling Pressure gaugeMask with cord attached to itRotating knob to release oxygenIn correct locationSecured with strapsNeedle on the pressure gauge should be in the green zone not in the red zone.Mask should be available.Remove from the location, sling it on your shoulder, attach the mask to the bottle, release by rotating the knob clockwise. Check the flow by pinching the mask, put the mask on the casualty.

.NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTFire AxeHandleHookBladeCheck if its in the location (usually in the cockpit)Used in case of fire or during survival in case of a crash Hold the handle and use the hook end to make hole and blade to cut.

NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTAsbestos GlovesN/ACheck if its in the location (Usually in the cockpit)Used in case of fire in the cabin.It protects the hands from extreme heat.

.NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTFire ExtinguisherRed or green bottleStrap to secure pressure gaugeSafety pinHandleTriggerNozzleAt correct locationSecured with strapsNeedle on pressure gauge should be between 1500 or 2000 PSISafety pin intact Check expiry date.Remove from location, point the nozzle at the base of fire, remove the safety pin, squeeze the trigger, fight the fire from a safe distance of about 8 to 10 feet, call for back up, monitor for recognition, inform the flight deck crew.

NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTOxygen maskMask with chordoxygen bottle with pressure gauge to check the amount of oxygen to be released off.Check whether the bottle is filled inDecompression loss of cabin pressure

.NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTMegaphone Push to talk buttonSlingSpeakerHandle

In correct locationSecured with strapsPress the push talk button to hear a click sound to make sure the battery is full.Used for crowd controlRemove from location, sling on your shoulder, hold the handle, keep the speaker in front of the mouth, press the push to talk button, hold it upright and speak loud and clear.

.NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTELT/ Radio Beacon (EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMETER)LanyardPlastic coverbatterySecured with strapsUsed for ditching and crash landing.Remove from location and take it with you while exiting from the aircraft, erect the antenna, untie the lanyard to find a plastic cover, fill with salt water and immerse the beacon to send signals. Antenna should be in upright position.

.NAME OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPARTS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPREFLIGHT CHECKS OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTUSAGE OF THE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTLife jacket

(yellow for passengers and orange for crew)Upper and lower chamber, 2 red automatic inflation tags on the sides to inflate jacket.

Light that come on automatically when in contact with salt, water and stays on for next 48 hours, strap to tighten around the waist.

Long lanyard in infant lifejacket to be tied in adult lifejacket.Check under the passenger seat for availability and spare life jackets on overhead compartments.

Count the numbers to have enough for all the crew members also.Used during ditching.Put on the jacket over the head and tighten the straps tightly around the waist, pull the red automatic inflation tags just before stepping out of the aircraft, If fail to inflate use the red manual tubes to blow air into it.

Is transportation dangerous goods is safe.?????Dangerous goods are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment.DANGEROUS GOODS are articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment. Dangerous goods by air are classified according to the Dangerous Goods Regulation.

Cont.Dangerous goods including materials that are radioactive flammable, explosive , corrosive, oxidizing.Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials.

Imagine Im a Cabin CrewReady Time- 12.45 morning.Cab coming- 1.15 morningFlight time- 2.30 morning.Flight Name- Qatar Airlines.Airport- Bangalore international to Doha internationalDestination- Bangalore to Qatar.Pre Flight Checks-All safety Equipment.In flight Hindi & English announcement.Duties- Door number 6.Service- Meal and Beverage's.Before landing- Galley Equipment, cup board, overhead Bin put on sit belt every passenger and etc.Rest area- Qatar National Hotel.

Cont..The things which I keep ready for the flight:

Night kit (Uniform, Shoes, Toiletry etc.,)Briefcase (Documents, Announcement book, Manuals, Passport, Both ID Cards)

PRE-FLIGHT CHECK AND DUTIESI will check all the emergency equipments and emergency features.I will also check the Cabin dressing, Lavatory dressing.I will make sure that the galley is prepared with all the beverages and meals.

SERVICE ON BOARDWhile the passengers board the aircraft, we welcome and greet them and help them in finding their seat. After all the passengers are onboard. Before/During Take-Off: We start with our services..After all the galleys are prepared we start our ground service first.I serve passengers with the sweets, Hot Towels and Welcome drinks.In the mean while welcome announcement and demonstrations are also done.Now we make sure that Cabin secure for take off. On board service:All the particular announcements like before take off, before meal service, before landing, after landing, safety measures are said.

POST FLIGHT DUTIESAfter all the passengers deplane:We check the cabin for any left over passengers.Also check lavatory, baggage bins and loose items for any personal belongings of passengers. Then I fill the documents to be filled:

I Complete the flight report by filling the remaining particulars.I fill the catering check list.I fill the Complain book.I fill if any emergency equipment is used.

DISEMBARKATION PROCEDUREI thank all the crew. And then proceed to Moment Control.Always cabin crew should deplane, after the Cockpit Crew.At last again I go to Moment control and know my next days Sector from the Roster.

RETURN SECTOR FOLLOWS THE SAME PROCEDURE

AIRBUS A380The new airbus A-380 is a double-deck wide body. Four engine airline manufacture by Europe. The large passenger airline in the world, it designed to carry 555 passenger in the class configuration A-380 is a also termed as the super jumbo of aviation industry. A380 provides more than 80% of the floor place than A300 A380 also possess some luxury area as the gymnasiums, bar, beauty salon, etc for more passenger comfort. Lower fuel consumption .Noise level is lower of any existing aircraft. Window is also bigger, provide more natural light. Wireless Network Will Provides Wireless Broad Band Internet .

LATEST TECHNOLOGYAirbus partners employed the latest technology, some derived from the Concorde . On entry into service in 1974, the A300 was very advanced and influenced later subsonic airliner designs. The technological highlights include:Supercritical air foil section for economical performance.Advanced aerodynamically efficient flight controls.222-inch diameter circular fuselage section for 8-abreast passenger seating and wide enough for 2 LD3 cargo containers side-by-side.Structures made from metal billets , reducing weight.First airliner to be fitted with wind shear protection.Advanced autopilots capable of flying the aircraft from climb-out to landing. Electrically controlled braking system.Later A300s incorporate other advanced features such as: 2-man crew by automating the flight engineer & apos; s functions, an industry first.Glass cockpit flight instruments.Centre-of-gravity control by shifting around fuel.Wingtip fences for better aerodynamics (first introduced on the A310-300 ).

Boeing 747

Boeing 747Role: Wide-bodylong-rangejet airliner, military aircraftNational origin: United StatesManufacturer: Boeing Commercial AirplanesFirst flight: February 9, 1969 Introduction: January 22, 1970 withPan American World AirwaysStatus : In service Primaryusers: British Airways Lufthansa United Airlines KLM

Boeing 747First Flight: February 9, 1969,Number of Unit Built: 1464 as of March 2013Seating Capacity: 366-605Primary users: British Airways, United Airlines, Lufthansa ,KLMMaximum Speed: (594 mph, 955 km/h) to (614 mph, 988 km/h)The US Presidents Aircraft "Air Force One" is a Boeing 747Maximum take-off weight (MTOW): 333,390 kg to 442,253 kgThe 747 fleet has logged more than 42 billion nautical miles (77.8 billion kilometers),equivalent to 101,500 trips from the Earth to the moon and back.The 747 fleet has flown 3.5 billion people - the equivalent of more than half of the worlds population. Older versions 747 - 100 to 747 - 400D has been out of production for over 4 years, Current day fleet in production: 747 - 400F 747 - 400ER 747 - 400ERF 747 - 8I 747 - 8F

Crash of CenturyTENERIFE DISASTER FACTDestination : Las Palmas Airport , Canary Island Place of Accident : Tenerife Airport (Regional airport) Date : March 27th 1977 Aircraft : Pan Am B747 and KLM B747 Fatalities : 583 Survivors : 61 Incident type : Runway Incursion-Aircraft collision during take off Reason divert : Bomb threat at Las Palmas

A Pan Am Boeing 747Operator :- Pan American World AirwaysFlight origin :- Los Angeles Int'l AirportLos Angeles, United StatesStopover :- John F. Kennedy Int'l AirportNew York City, United StatesDestination :- Gran Canaria AirportCanary Islands, SpainPassengers :- 380Crew : -16 Injuries (non-fatal) :- 61Fatalities :- 335(326 passengers, 9 crew)Survivors:- 61

KLM Boeing 747Operator :- KLM Royal Dutch AirlinesFlight origin :- Schiphol AirportAmsterdam, NetherlandsDestination :- Gran Canaria AirportCanary Islands, SpainPassengers :- 234Crew :- 14Fatalities :- 248(all)Survivors :- 0

Chronology 12 00 :- pm Pan Am on cruising level 2 hours to destination Las Palmas 1230 :- Pan Am received urgent message from Las Palmas ATC about Bomb Threat at Las Palmas airport and instruct to divert to Tenerife Airport 0138 :- KLM already on ground

Tenerife is a small airport. Only have 1 airstrip. Its Sunday and only 2 ATC staff on duty. Tarmac condition already pack with a/c, getting bumper to bumper. Taxiway block with aircraft.ATC have to clear aircraft out of gate as soon as possible. 0215 :- Pan Am touch down at Tenerife Airport 0230 :- Las Palmas airport reopen 0456 :- KLM request permission to taxiing to depart 0502 :- Pan Am taxiing behind KLM 0506 :- Pan Am saw KLM jumbo heading towards them on same runway 0507 :-Pan Am trying to pull out of the runway as soon as possible 0508 :- Both aircraft collide each other

CONCLUSIONIt is difficult to conclude from my side. Im Vijay Savani, what I have experienced in learning, only I can share my happiness with the experiments practiced with self participation. I once again like to thanks my aviation teacher, Mrs. MAYRA MAM who helped to know all about aviation industry and also helped me in preparing this project.

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Vijay savaniThank you for listening to my presentation