The Union in PerilThe Union in Peril

CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10

Zachary Zachary TaylorTaylor

1212thth President President

Compromise of 1850

California as free California as free statestate

District of Columbia District of Columbia will abolish slave will abolish slave tradetrade

Need Fugitive Need Fugitive Slave ActSlave Act

Southwestern Southwestern territory open for territory open for slaveryslavery Decision under Decision under

popular sovereignty (residents vote on (residents vote on status of territory)status of territory)

Henry Clay Proposed:

Millard FillmoreMillard Fillmore1313thth president president

Summer of 1850 Taylor died Congress accepted all terms of the

compromise Able to avert split

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Any black caught will

stand before a commissioner not a judge

commissioner receive $10 for capturing and only $5 for freeing

requires all citizens to assist in capturing fugitive slaves

anyone helping slaves escape will be fine $1000 or 6 months jail

slaves escaped long time can be captured

free slaves can be easily considered fugitive

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad network of men and network of men and

women that helped slaves women that helped slaves escape from South to escape from South to NorthNorth

slaves- passengers backcountry roads- tracks farm wagons- trains shelter- station

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman escaped slave (Black escaped slave (Black

Moses)Moses) risked life to help others to risked life to help others to

escapeescape returned to save family $40,000 reward for her

capture

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Wrote Uncle Tom’s CabinCabin

more than a million in copies/some turned it into a play

Depicted haunted scenes and Depicted haunted scenes and images of slaves treatments; images of slaves treatments;

increase sectional tensionincrease sectional tension

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

Election of 1852Election of 1852 Franklin PierceFranklin Pierce

14th President14th President

The birth of Republican The birth of Republican Party 1854Party 1854

Wanted slavery out Wanted slavery out of territoriesof territories

Diverse group with Diverse group with wide range of opinion wide range of opinion (Whigs, Free Soiler)(Whigs, Free Soiler)

From conservative to From conservative to radical abolitionistradical abolitionist

The “Know-Nothings”(Political party)

NativistsNativists Anti-CatholicsAnti-Catholics Anti-Anti-

immigrantsimmigrants

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

Sen. Douglas Introduce a bill to

organize Nebraska territory

propose to divide the territory repeal Missouri

Compromise applied popular

sovereignty

Battle for Battle for controlcontrol Missouri fear that slaves

would easily escape crossing the border

proslavery rushed to proslavery rushed to KansasKansas

Anti slavery rushed to Anti slavery rushed to Kansas- fear proslavery Kansas- fear proslavery will claim landwill claim land

thousands proslavery rushed to Kansas to vote illegally winning a landslide

the antislavery and the antislavery and proslavery formed proslavery formed their own governmenttheir own government

two government in the territory.

Bleeding Bleeding KansasKansas

Lawrence (city)-antislavery town proslavery looted and burned

houses/bldgs John Brown took vengeance

for Lawrence Killed 5 proslavery

Sen. Charles Sen. Charles Summer made Summer made speeches speeches denouncing denouncing violence in violence in KansasKansas

Sen. Preston Sen. Preston attacked attacked Summer with a Summer with a cane to his head cane to his head several times,several times,

Summer suffered brain damage but Preston was showered with cane (printed “hit him again””

Sen. Charles Sumner Congr. Preston Brooks

1856 Election1856 Election Free Soiler Party- Free Soiler Party-

oppose extension of oppose extension of slavery into territoriesslavery into territories

Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party nativistnativist- favor native - favor native

born people over born people over immigrantsimmigrants

Birth of RepublicanBirth of Republican Whigs, Democrats and Whigs, Democrats and

Free Soiler joinedFree Soiler joined DemocratsDemocrats

supports popular supports popular sovereignty and Kansas-sovereignty and Kansas-Nebraska Act Nebraska Act

showed nation dividedshowed nation divided

1856 Election Results

James Buchanan

15th President

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Scott- a slave Scott- a slave

taken a free state taken a free state then returned to then returned to Missouri (slave Missouri (slave state)state)

Suing for his Suing for his freedomfreedom

Does Scott has a right to sue?

is his residence in a free state made him free?

Court ruled “NO” to both Ruled: slaves have no Ruled: slaves have no

rights and can not rights and can not become a US citizen become a US citizen therefore cannot suetherefore cannot sue

55thth Amendment: no Amendment: no property (slaves) can be property (slaves) can be taken from their ownertaken from their owner

declare Missouri declare Missouri Compromise Compromise unconstitutional unconstitutional

Supreme Court DecisionSupreme Court DecisionScott, you have no right

to sue. You’re not a human being. You are a

property

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858

Democrat Sen. Stephen Douglas “Little Giant”

Defended popular sovereignty

Republican Abraham Lincoln -

lawyer “Honest Abe”

Argued for slavery to cease

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry,

1859 led slaves in led slaves in uprisinguprising With 16 men marched to

federal arsenal and seized its weapons and waited for slaves to rise in rebellion

mistakes: few slaves lived in area- others does not know Brown to risk their life for

Brown linger for two days- all escape route was cut off

He was capture with his men then hanged

many northerners saw him as a martyr

others think he was a lunatic

1860Presidential

Election

Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election1860 Election

Abraham Lincoln 16th President

the only one elected by a sectional party entirely in the North

southerners more convinced that their future was bleak- south only have 1/3 white male population will always

be outvoted the only way left was to SECEDE (withdraw)

South Carolina- first to leave- Dec 20, 1860

SECESSION!!!

formed Confederate States

stress sovereignty and independence of each state as well as slaves held as property

chose Jefferson Davis as their president

Six other southern states followedSix other southern states followed (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,

Mississippi, Texas) South Carolina Mississippi FFlorida LLouisiana AAlabama GGeorgia Texas

Buchanan was a Buchanan was a lame ducklame duck Can only watched the development Could do little until Lincoln as inauguratedCould do little until Lincoln as inaugurated