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THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• It is composed of many muscles and bones.• It lets you move your body parts and go from
one place to another.
BONES MUSCLES
THE HUMAN SKELETON
• Humans have got an internal skeleton. It is made of 206 different bones.
• Bones are rigid and hard.
Functions of the skeleton:
• 1---It supports the body and helps to keep its shape.
• 2---It protects the body’s soft organs, like the brain, the lungs and the heart.
• Bones can move because they are connected to muscles.• 3---So movement is another function of the skeleton.
BONES• Bones can be different shapes and sizes.• There are long bones, short bones, flat bones
and cylindrical bones.
• The FEMUR is the longest bone in the body.
• The PELVIS is the biggest bone in the body.
• the EAR BONES are the smallest bones in the body.
We can put the human bones into three groups:
1--- bones in the head2--- bones in the extremities ( arms and legs)3--- bones of the torso
HEAD EXTREMITIES TRUNK
SKULL / CRANIUM
The bones in the torso are:
The spineThe sternumThe ribs
THE SPINE IS FORMED BY 33 VERTEBRAE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of3XS-gU8dchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChhPpAKKqHIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXtG052Klkg
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_02/index.shtml?skeleton
The muscular system
Muscles are soft and elastic
There are more than 600 muscles all over the human body.Muscles are made of muscle cells. These cells can contract and relax.
Muscles contract and relax to make your body parts move.
When a muscle contracts it becomes shorter.When a muscle relaxes it becomes longer.
CONTRACT ----------------- SHORTERRELAX--------------------------- LONGER
QUADRICEPS
TYPES OF MUSCLE
• SMOOTH• CARDIAC• SKELETAL
SKELETAL
• Muscles that are attached to bones iare skeletal muscles.
• Skeletal muscles are also called voluntary muscles.
• Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can consciously control.
• SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO BONES BY TENDONS
CARDIAC MUSCLE
• Your heart is made of cardiac muscles, which• are found only in the heart.• A cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary
muscle, which is muscle you cannot consciously control.
• As cardiac muscles contract and relax, they pump blood through your heart and
throughvessels throughout your body.
Smooth muscles
• They are muscles found in the stomach, intestines and bladder.
• They contract and relax to digest the food we eat.
Muscles have got different shapes:
• Long muscles: like the ones in your legs
• Flat muscles: like the ones in your face• Circular: like the ones around your
arms
Joints
• Joints are places where two or more bones are connected.
• There are 3 types:1. Fixed: they cannot move2. Semi-moveable: they can move a little
(vertebrae)3. Moveable: they can move a lot (elbows,
knees, shoulders)
FIXED JOINT
SEMI-MOVEABLE JOINT
MOVEABLE JOINT
which includes
The bones of the head
The bones of the trunk
The bones of the extremities
The muscles of the trunk
The muscles of the extremities
which include
The muscles of the face
includes
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
HUMAN SKELETON MUSCLES