First global observation of organic compoundsfrom the IASI infrared sounder:

HCOOH and CH3OH

Federico Karagulian1, Lieven Clarisse1, Ariane Razavi1, Cathy Clerbaux2, Pierre Coheur1, Daniel Hurtmans1 ,Trissevgeni Stavrakou3 and Jean-François Müller3

1Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphere, Sevice de Chimie Quantique et de Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium 2UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France. 3Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium

IASI instrument and observing mode (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer)

• Spectral coverage = 645-2760 cm-1

• Spectral resolution = 0.5 cm-1

• Radiometric noise ~ <0.1-0.2 K

MetOP

• 12 km pixel x 4 @ nadir • 120 spectra along the swath (±48.3°

Scan 2400 km), each 50 km along the trace

IASINadir looking FTS

IASI

MetOp: First European meteorological platform on polar orbit (EPS system)

Broad spectral coverage without gaps

Medium spectral resolution

High radiometric performances

Small ground pixel size

Global coverage twice daily (morning and evening orbits)

IASI

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 26000.0

2.0x10-6

4.0x10-6

6.0x10-6

8.0x10-6

1.0x10-5

1.2x10-5

1.4x10-5

CH4

HODH2

16O

H218O

H216O, HOD

N2O, CH4

O3

HNO3

CFC11, CFC12

CO

CO2, N2O

Ra

dia

nce

(W

/ c

m2 sr

cm-1)

Wavenumber (cm-1)

CO2

Ts=275 K

SA/CNRS – ULB

Thermal + reflected solar radiation (daytime)

Level 1 radiance spectrum

IASI instrument and observing mode

Radiance accuracy within 0.5 K above oceanIllingworth et al., ACPD 2009

IASI

HCOOH

CH3OH

LATMOS/IPSL - ULB

Global mixing ~1 year

Hemispheric mixing: ~1-2 months

PBL mixing: ~few hours

CO2

Sec.

hour.

Day

Month

Year

10 Years

climate

Chem

istry and transport

Chem

istry and sources

NH3

CFC12CFC11N2OCO2CH4OCS

COO3HNO3SO2H2O + IsoVOCs

IASI contribution to atmospheric composition measurementsIASI species

IASI ACP special issueWith about 25 papers

Trace gases

HCOOHCH3OH

HCOOHCH3OH

Influence on the globalradiative forcing

HCOOHCH3OH

Primary + secondary

Secondary

Biogenic 72%

Anthrop. 12%

Biomass burning

16%

ISOPRENETerpenes

Ethene (C2H4)

EDGARv3.3Biogenic EmissionsMEGAN-ECMWF

(Muller et al. 2008)

Ethyne C2H2

HydroxacetoneGlycolaldehyde

Pyorogenic emissionsGFEDv2

(Van der Werf et al. 2006)

Primary + secondary

*Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA)

SOURCES OF FORMIC ACID (HCOOH)

Use the IMAGESv2 global CTM* to simulate HCOOH HCOOH lifetime: 7 days

Global annual HCOOH emission: 8.9 Tg/yr

Plant growth 65%

CH4 oxid. 12 %

VOCs oxid. 4%

Anthropogenic 5%Fires 3%

SOURCES OF methanol (CH3OH)

Use of IMAGESv2* to simulate CH3OHCH3OH lifetime: 9 days

Global annual CH3OH emission: 204 Tg/yr

Primary

Plant decay 11%

Biogenic Emissions

Primary

*Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA)

Biogenic Emissions

ProfilesAveraging Kernels for total HCOOH column

HCOOH observation in USA: retrieval with Atmosphit

Used a priori profile from IMAGESv2 model

IASI Radiance spectrum1.1x10

-3

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

Rad

ianc

e (W

/m2 s

r m

-1)

1109110811071106110511041103wavenumber (cm

-1)

RMS = 2.746e-06 (W/m2 sr m

-1)

[HCOOH] = 1.31e+16 molec/cm2

)

HCOOH

H2O

11401130112011101100109010801070wavenumber (cm

-1)

1.00

0.98

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.90

0.88

0.86

0.84

Tra

smitt

ance

(a

.u)

HCOOH (reference) 1105 cm

-1

1103-1109cm-1 (baseline); 1105 cm-1 (target) for the calculation of the Brightness Temperature

Difference (BTD)

320

315

310

305

300

295

290

285Bri

gh

tne

ss T

em

pe

ratu

re (

K)

1109110811071106110511041103wavenumber (cm

-1)

IASI spectrum in BT Simulation of HCOOH

HCOOH x 10

H2O

DOFland = 1.25

DOFocean = 1.5

0-18 km 6 partial columns of 3 km thickness Good correlation between HCOOH column and BTD

(*)HCOOH total column (1016 molec./cm2)/ BTD (K)

Countries Slope(*)

Australia 0.8339

China 0.7049

USA 0.6187

East EU 0.7409

India 0.7301

Brazil 0.7719

Africa 0.7126

Mexico 0.6643

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

HC

OO

H c

olum

n (1

01

6m

olec

./cm

-2)

3.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.0BTD (K)

slope = 0.618e+16 (molec./cm-2

)/KR=0.8922

(10

16 mo

lec

./cm

2)

(Ke

lvin

)

Retrievals for HCOOH in the region (1103.74-1109.75 cm-1): USA

Correlation = 0.892

A priori [HCOOH] total column = 2.9074e+15 molec./cm2

IMAGESv2 model 2008 (HCOOH: January 2008 - December 2008)

biomass burningbiogenic

anthropogenic biomass burning

biogenic

HC

OO

H co

lum

n (10

14 mo

lec./cm2)

biogenicanthrop. anthrop.

biogenicbiomass burning

anthtop.

biomass burningbiogenic

biomass burningbiogenic

biogenicbiomass burning

anthrop.

HCOOH Total Column (June 2008 - May 2009)

not seenin the model

anthrop.

biogenicbiomass burning

anthtop.

biomass burningbiogenic

biomass burningbiogenic

biogenicbiomass burning

anthrop.

HCOOH Total Column (June 2008 - May 2009)

First background filtering: transport observed

HC

OO

H co

lum

n (10

14 mo

lec./cm2)

no HCOOH observed above tropical forests

biogenicanthrop.

not seenin the model

Mainly biogenic HCOOH emissions over tropical forests

HC

OO

H co

lum

n (10

14 mo

lec./cm2)

Difference between IASI (filtered) and BIRA model (2008)

(10

16 mo

lec

./cm

2)

(10

18 mo

lec

./cm

2)

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

HC

OO

H c

olum

n (1

01

6 m

olec

./cm

2)

4.03.53.02.52.01.5CO column (10

18 molec./cm

2)

Correlation factor = 0.9

Correlation between HCOOH and CO emissions from fires in Africa

Savanna burning

CO emission HCOOH/CH3OH emission

High correlation

Fires(from MODIS)

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0

(HC

OO

H)

BT

D (

K)

2.01.51.00.50.0(CH3OH) BTD (K)

correlation factor = 0.702

(10

16 mo

lec

./cm

2)

Correlation between HCOOH and CH3OH; biogenic emissions?

(Ke

lvin

)

(10

18 mo

lec

./cm

2)

Good correlation between HCOOH and CH3OH

Low correlation between CO emission from fire and HCOOH/CH3OH

Fires

HCOOH and CH3OH might be correlated to biogenic emissions (in addition to biomass burning)

Not only biomass burning

CH3OH (September 2008 - July 2009)

Mainly plant growth emissions from the

model IMAGESv2

CH4 oxidationbiomass burning

biogenic

anthropogenic

1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080-2.0x10-5

-1.5x10-5

-1.0x10-5

-5.0x10-6

0.0

5.0x10-6

1.0x10-5

radi

ance

[W

/m2 s

r m

-1]

wavenumber [cm-1]

residue residue - ch3oh ch3oh simulated

rms=2.650e-6 BT=1.072

20090508

IASI Radiance spectrum (Mexico)

http://www.fao.or/

Correlation between vegetation and HCOOH emissions

herbaceousshrubs

shrubs

shrubs

shrubs

shrubs

shrubs

grass

cultivated

cultivated

cultivated

trees

trees

herbaceous

desert

desertshrubs

Not only biomass burning

Correlation between vegetation in Africa and HCOOH

herbaceous

shrubs

trees

shrubs

grass

shrubs

desert

April 09

March 09

August 08

October 08

Biomass burning

+ biogenic

Conclusions

First global observations of HCOOH and CH3OH (still at a qualitative level)

Outlook Optimization of the background filtering

Optimization in the assignation of anthropogenic and HCOOH/CH3OH biogenic emissions

Preliminary comparison with model IMAGESv2 shows some correlations.

Additional observation from IASI show: Not seen biogenic emissions above tropical forests Biogenic emissions above shrublands Anthropogenic emissions over the US and India

Sources

Transport