Introduction to Satellite Remote SensingSeaWiFS, June 27, 2001Miles Logsdon, Univ. of WashingtonOceanography

My agendaShow you pretty picturesIntroduce Remote Sensing terms and conceptsGet the language downThink about the future

Acknowlegements!!Mark Abbott: Oregon State UniversityMODIS highlights, data, and imagesSeely Martin: University of WashingtonIllustrations, and explanationsRobin Weeks: University of WashingtonGraphics and dataLeon Delwiche: University of WashingtonIllustrationsMost of what you see here is explained better by these people

Lets start with some nice pictures

What is Remote Sensing and Image Classification?Remote Sensing is a technology for sampling radiation and force fields to acquire and interpret geospatial data to develop information about features, objects, and classes on Earth's land surface, oceans, and atmosphere (and, where applicable, on the exterior's of other bodies in the solar system).

Remote Sensing is detecting and measuring of electromagnetic energy (usually photons) emanating from distant objects made of various materials, so that we can identify and categorize these object by class or type, substance, and spatial distribution

Image Classification has the overall objective to automatically categorize all pixels in an image into classes or themes. The Spectral pattern, or signature of surface materials belonging to a class or theme determines an assignment to a class.

Specifically, we measure radiation produced in three ways:

1. Emitted from the surface (thermal IR)

2. Reflected from the surface (solar)

3. Reflected from energy pulses directed at the surface (RADAR)

Landsat-ETM30m resolution16-day repeat

MODIS Terra - Daytime Descending OrbitsMODIS1k resolutionDaily repeatBest response in a Ph.d. oral exam:Ill give up space to get time. Miles Logsdon

One goal is to produce a: Classified Product

MOD13 NDVI (16-day) 500m resolutionJune 2002(bright photosynthesizing vegetation)LowHighA second goal might be to produce a: Derived Product

MOD11 Daytime (8-day averaged) Land Surface TemperatureJune 2002~3o C~50o CTemperature (oC)

AprMayJunJulAugSepRemote Sensing as a Time SeriesSeaWifs, 1999, 1km monthly mean chlorophyll-a estimatesCurrent CollectionsPacific Northeast, Apr Sep, 1999 - 2003

AdditiveSubtractive

First: A few Simple Reminders about Spectral SignaturesThanks to Robin Weeks

Coordinate system used with satellite sensorsqZ Zenith angleq Look or incidence angle qS Solar zenith angle

When radiation interacts with the atmosphere, then depending on the wavelength, the three things that happen are - Absorption, - Scattering, - Emission.

The Effect of the Atmosphere on Spectral DataPath Radiance (Lp)Atmospheric Transmissivity (T)Thanks to Robin Weeks

ScatteringThere are two kinds of scattering,

Rayleigh or molecular scatter, which only matters in the visible; andMei or aerosol scatter (scatter from raindrops, sulfuric acid droplets, salt particles) which matter at much longer wavelengths.

Rayleigh Scatter

Solar scattering generates a Rayleigh path radiance

Two kinds of solar reflection in the visible: Direct surface reflection, diffuse sub-surface backscatter

Once the Light hits the surface we are concerned with reflection

The PIXEL

Wavelength (Bands)

Terrestrial and Ocean Color SensorsOcean ColorSensors

Comparison of Ocean Color InstrumentsInstrumentSatelliteDates of OperationSpatial ResolutionSwath WidthCZCSNimbus-710/24/78- 6/22/86825 m1556 kmMOSIRS P33/18/96-520 m200 kmMOSPriroda4/23/96-650 m85 kmOCTSADEOS8/17/96-700 m1400 kmSeaWiFSSeaStar5/971100 m2800 kmOCIROCSAT-14/98 (Delayed) 800 m690 kmMODISEOS AM-16/981000 m2330 kmGLIADEOS-22/99 (Delayed) 1000 m1600 kmMERISENVISAT-17/99 (Delayed) 1200 m1450 kmLow Resolution CameraKOMPSAT1999 (Delayed) 1000 m800

Band Combinations

We approach RS in two waysTo classify or group thematic land surface materialsTo detect a biophysical process

Cluster and Classify

Spectral Profile

Spatial Profile

Spectral Signatures

1d classifier

Spectral Dimensions

3 band space

Clusters

Dimensionality

N = the number of bands = dimensions . an (n) dimensional data (feature) spaceMeasurementVectorMeanVectorBand ABand B190 85Feature Space - 2dimensions

Spectral Distance

* a number that allows two measurement vectors to be compared

Classification ApproachesUnsupervised: self organizing

Supervised: training

Hybrid: self organization by categories

Spectral Mixture Analysis: sub-pixel variations.

Clustering / ClassificationClustering or Training Stage: Through actions of either the analysts supervision or an unsupervised algorithm, a numeric description of the spectral attribute of each class is determined (a multi-spectral cluster mean signature).Classification Stage: By comparing the spectral signature to of a pixel (the measure signature) to the each cluster signature a pixel is assigned to a category or class.

termsParametric = based upon statistical parameters (mean & standard deviation)Non-Parametric = based upon objects (polygons) in feature spaceDecision Rules = rules for sorting pixels into classes

Unsupervised ClusteringMinimum Spectral DistanceBand ABand BBand ABand B1st iteration cluster mean2nd iteration cluster mean

ISODATA clusters

Supervised Classification

Classification Decision RulesIf the non-parametric test results in one unique class, the pixel will be assigned to that class.if the non-parametric test results in zero classes (outside the decision boundaries) the the unclassified rule applies either left unclassified or classified by the parametric ruleif the pixel falls into more than one class the overlap rule applies left unclassified, use the parametric rule, or processing orderNon-Parametricparallelepipedfeature spaceUnclassified Optionsparametric ruleunclassifiedOverlap Optionsparametric ruleby orderunclassifiedParametric minimum distanceMahalanobis distancemaximum likelihood

Band ABand BParallelepipedBand ABand BMinimum DistanceMaximum likelihood(bayesian)probabilityBayesian, a prior (weights)

Parametric classifiers

Classification SystemsUSGS - U.S. Geological Survey Land Cover Classification Scheme for Remote Sensor Data USFW - U.S. Fish & Wildlife Wetland Classification System NOAA CCAP - C-CAP Landcover Classification System, and Definitions NOAA CCAP - C-CAP Wetland Classification Scheme Definitions PRISM - PRISM General Landcover King Co. - King County General Landcover (specific use, by Chris Pyle)

Level 1 Urban or Built-Up Land 11 Residential 12 Commercial and Services 13 Industrial 14 Transportation, Communications and Utilities 15 Industrial and Commercial Complexes 16 Mixed Urban or Built-Up 17 Other Urban or Built-up Land

2 Agricultural Land 21 Cropland and Pasture 22 Orchards, Groves, Vineyards, Nurseries and Ornamental Horticultural Areas 23 Confined Feeding Operations 24 Other Agricultural Land

Detecting a Process: Two examplesUsing band math

Laboratory Spectral Signatures IICommon Urban MaterialsHealthy grassConcreteAstroturfwavelengthThanks to Robin Weeks

Vegetation:

Pigment in Plant Leaves (Chlorophyll) strongly absorbs visible light (0.4 to 0.7 m)

Cell Structure however strongly reflects Near-IR (0.7 1.1 m)

Thanks to Robin Weeks

(courtesy http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov) NDVIBand 3Band 4Band 4 - Band 3Band 4 + Band 3Simple RatioNDVIWhen using LANDSAT:

Ocean ColorLets begin with phytoplanktonPhyton = plant; planktos = wandering.These reproduce asexually, are globally distributed, consist of 10s of thousands of species and make up about 25% of the total planetary veg.These are the grass that the zooplankton graze upon.And, they fix carbon as well.

Chaetoceros species of diatoms: cells are 20-25 mm in diameter.Chloroplasts contain pigments

Water provides an internal standard shape for spectral comparison with other variable componentsSlopes for pigments and CDOM similar from 440 to 600 nm, but are opposite from 400 to 440 nmNote that detritus is include with CDOM since shapes are similarSpectral de-convolution of pigment absorption from CDOM absorption is straight-forwardShapes of phytoplankton or pigment absorption are not constant (next slide) For Case 2 waters, ratio of CDOM to chlorophyll a is not constant Strategy for Spectral Separation of Absorption Components with Semi-Analytic AlgorithmKen Carder: University of South Florida

Absorption spectra for water, CDOM, and phytoplankton

Colored Dissolved Organic Material(CDOM)Organic SourcesTerrestrial CDOMdecay vegetation from river and nearshoreOcean CDOMdetritus - cell fragments, zooplankton fecalInorganic SourcesSand & Dust => Errosionrivers, wind, wave or current suspension

Whats the difference between MODIS chlorophylls?

Case 1 waters:Chlor_MODIS (Clark) This is an empirical algorithm based on a statistical regression between chlorophyll and radiance ratios.

Case 2 waters:Chlor_a_3 (Carder) This is a semi-analytic (model-based) inversion algorithm. This approach is required in optically complex case 2 (coastal) waters and low-light, nutrient-rich regions (hi-lats).

A 3rd algorithm was added to provide a more direct linkage to the SeaWiFS chlorophyll:SeaWiFS-analog Chlor_a_2 (Campbell)SeaWiFS algorithmOC4.v4 (OReilly) Ken Carder: University of South Florida

Chl-a increasingFlorescenceIndependent of Chl-aR(l)

Case 1 Rrs Model with superimposed MODIS bands 8-14: All variables co-vary with chlorophyll aNote that slopes between blue and green wave lengths decrease with increasing chlorophyll, explaining the strategy of empirical algorithmsCase 2 waters are more complicated

Ken Carder: University of South Florida

Chart2

0.013450.0132646219

0.009980.0099010603

0.007550.0075312804

0.005810.0058245351

0.004540.0045712489

0.003590.0036349566

0.002880.0029246257

0.002330.0023782062

0.001930.0019525762

0.001620.0016172383

0.001410.0013502788

0.0011357213

0.0009617628

0.0008195765

0.0007024867

0.0006053915

0.0005243544

Chart1

0.6870.34635

0.7810.4478775

0.8280.540895

0.8830.6254025

0.9130.7014

0.9390.7688875

0.9730.827865

1.0010.8783325

10.92029

0.9537375

0.978675

absorption

lama_w1a_w2P& F modchl-specific absorption coef.chl-specific absorption coef.0.010.020.050.10.20.5125

(nm)(1/m)(1/m)

380ND0.011370.011370.346350.346350.01298650980.0136067710.01499890420.01676455630.01953516150.02575359190.03364047030.0460163090.0737930176

3850.00950.009410.009410.44787750.44787750.01122146740.01202114830.01381597660.01609236960.01966441330.02768161650.03784989090.05380562360.0896171551

3900.00870.008510.008510.5408950.5408950.01054478760.01150784690.01366936650.01641083670.02071266450.03036781770.04261351520.06182907440.1049570594

3950.00810.008130.008130.62540250.62540250.0103865850.01149719470.01398988080.01715137180.02211228290.03324670270.04736856430.06952814040.1192637666

4000.0070.006630.006630.6870.70140.6870.0090003670.01021737830.01294887540.01641325210.02184944180.03405059130.04952539360.07380796110.1283084939

4050.0060.00530.00530.7810.76888750.7810.00789826090.00927862770.01237676490.01630615380.0224720260.03631089680.05386283230.08140477130.1432207365

4100.00560.004730.004730.8280.8278650.8280.00743966630.00889997480.01217753540.01633448830.02285744650.03749777220.05606619860.08520318260.1505991154

4150.00520.004440.004440.8830.87833250.8830.00729666390.00885086340.01233915610.01676338170.0237057360.03928736690.05904965720.09006001450.1596606032

4200.00540.004540.004540.9130.920290.9130.0074782970.00908230220.01268238030.01724838430.02441321250.04049417070.06088976120.09289387320.1647248749

4250.00610.004780.004780.9390.95373750.9390.0077912990.00943810710.01313425330.0178221010.02517812270.04168820120.06262804810.09548618970.1692340018

4300.00640.004950.004950.9730.9786750.9730.00805712060.00976077960.01358452370.01843420470.026044170.04312420730.06478693680.09877940290.1750731273

4350.00690.00530.00531.0011.0010.00848838420.01023840470.01416620390.01914785880.02696491320.04450974770.06676198270.10167948210.1800493793

4400.00830.006350.00635110.00954426590.01129005610.01520836060.02017797340.02797613170.04547855520.0676770.10251009360.1806905477

4450.00950.007510.007510.9710.9710.01062441260.01231732780.0161169580.02093605520.02849802940.04547035410.06699647080.10077456860.1765871582

4500.0110.009220.009220.9440.9440.01226839150.01391219590.01760160030.02228089750.02962350170.0461034660.06700511870.09980332720.1734166236

4550.0120.009620.009620.9280.9280.01261180740.01422588360.01784856530.02244323760.02965305120.04583497590.0663586230.09856367730.1708456801

4600.01220.009790.009790.9170.9170.01273719660.01433042020.01790629980.02244161260.02955828130.04553114870.06578964690.0975786380.1689268159

4650.01250.010110.010110.9020.9020.01300314150.01456872610.01808257160.02253920620.02953241540.04522818690.06513524230.09637276060.1664831963

4700.0130.01060.01060.870.870.01338987060.01489849450.01828449590.02257898490.02931776040.04444247310.06362525080.09372625550.1612858654

4750.01430.01140.01140.8390.8390.01409356820.01554716080.01880964820.02294748360.02944044330.04401343940.06249647110.09149945660.156594639

4800.01570.01270.01270.7980.7980.0152721860.01665361350.01975413140.02368653970.02985714970.04370665440.06127207690.08883517930.1506986443

4850.01680.01360.01360.7730.7730.01609413160.01743125950.02043234990.02423865360.03021138440.04361676290.06061889710.08729810540.1471777316

4900.01850.0150.0150.750.750.01742671750.01872313580.02163285640.02532327520.03111416290.04411140730.06059590240.08646284770.1445194061

4950.02130.01730.01730.7170.7170.01963627610.0208748280.02365467150.02718036620.03271277430.04512987910.0608785790.0855909380.1410561077

5000.02420.02040.02040.6680.6680.02260224040.02375543350.02634369510.02962640520.03477752950.04633886960.0610021970.08401142420.1356540331

5050.030.02560.02560.6450.6450.02776130170.02887414460.03137184310.03453969140.03951057820.05066738760.06481764620.08702178180.1368574189

5100.03820.03250.03250.6180.6180.03461630410.03568198720.03807383880.04110744070.04586767230.05655168090.07010228290.09136545660.13908917

5150.04620.03960.03960.5820.5820.04163954540.04264264430.04489403020.04774947850.05223015710.06228672830.07504154720.09505600330.1399770571

5200.04740.04090.04090.5280.5280.04276501910.04367461950.04571615420.04830544670.05236848230.06148768270.07305362770.09120254080.1319365131

5250.04850.04170.04170.5040.5040.04347853220.04434640650.046294290.04876480420.05264145630.06134233230.07237771360.08969408280.1285594683

5300.05050.04340.04340.4740.4740.04507967450.04589555590.04772674490.05004925470.05369366310.06187328420.07224755410.08852652860.1250635537

5350.05270.04520.04520.4440.4440.04678131260.04754526450.04925990140.05143458720.05484703490.06250603640.07222000090.08746284510.1216743481

5400.05510.04740.04740.4160.4160.04889090690.04960642710.05121236220.05324918080.05644529180.06361874050.07271687510.08699337860.1190359969

5450.05940.05110.05110.3840.3840.05249502930.05315529030.05463720010.05651671650.0594659940.06608544190.07448093350.08765487190.1172228598

5500.06540.05650.05650.3570.3570.05782039660.05843404310.05981132970.06155815190.06429920980.07045132330.07825409150.09049794720.117978429

5550.0690.05960.05960.3210.3210.06080741160.06135901850.06259706160.06416728040.06663121760.07216135340.07917526270.09018126630.1148834752

5600.07150.06190.06190.2940.2940.06301812070.06352319470.06465679820.06609455530.0683506380.07341425860.07983648370.08991403510.1125323977

5650.07430.06420.06420.2730.2730.06524692360.06571580320.06676817070.06810289560.07019730360.07489805660.08086005410.09021543090.1112129231

5700.08040.06950.06950.2760.2760.07055787140.07103179240.07209547530.07344455160.07556147930.08031277610.08633887870.09579484730.1170181106

5750.0890.07720.07720.2680.2680.07824159890.07870168270.07973430860.08104399520.08309911380.08771168440.09356183960.1027417170.123345313

5800.10160.08960.08960.2910.2910.09072995640.09122942320.09235044170.09377223720.09600327340.1010106790.10736160610.11732727890.1396945379

5850.12350.110.110.2740.2740.11111505420.11158525320.11264058220.11397906320.1160793650.12079334630.12677212130.13615382490.1572104056

5900.14870.13510.13510.2820.2820.1362809630.13676480470.13785075380.13922807050.14138931220.14624006860.15239231650.16204622830.1837137614

5950.18180.16720.16720.2490.2490.16833229350.16875944490.16971815650.1709340970.17284211220.17712451950.18255592620.1910787170.2102075276

6000.24170.22240.22240.2360.2360.22358471960.22398950750.22489802590.22605030610.22785842750.23191663010.23706367650.2451402580.2632675831

6050.27950.25770.25770.2790.2790.25905224550.25953071850.26060461770.26196665150.26410391170.26890084350.27498482520.28453161570.3059587227

6100.28760.26440.26440.2520.2520.26564860520.26608071650.26705056010.26828061940.27021078940.27454292150.28003739470.28865914730.308010071

6150.29160.26780.26780.2680.2680.26906948840.26952897790.270560270.27186826490.2739207290.27852734170.28436994050.29353796060.3141149438

6200.30470.27550.27550.2760.2760.27677463410.27724778450.27830973780.27965662040.28177010590.28651367680.29252998070.30197057330.3231593264

6250.31350.28340.28340.2990.2990.28472569250.28523821650.28638854090.28784750530.29013686580.29527517620.30179213080.31201832860.3349703179

6300.31840.29160.29160.3170.3170.29296252970.2935058530.29472530410.29627194250.29869887820.30414596650.31105454630.321895270.3462265198

6350.33090.30120.30120.3330.3330.30259555930.30316625190.30444713160.30607168030.30862087040.31434235020.32159894260.33298575660.3585426681

6400.33820.31080.31080.3340.3340.31218359610.31275595210.31404056520.31566984890.3182264690.32396462510.3312423680.34266237080.3682937723

6450.35130.3250.3250.3260.3260.32634997690.32690857790.32816231880.32975244720.3322476260.33784788120.34495072360.35609627810.3811116992

6500.35940.340.340.3560.3560.34143115480.3420411140.34341012510.34514645130.34787103910.35398618690.36174207120.37391235810.40122772

6550.38520.3710.3710.3890.3890.37253666850.37320312130.37469892820.37659607050.37957300590.38625453020.39472875360.40802623550.4378715081

6600.42120.410.410.4410.4410.41170422630.41245971760.41415536530.4163059670.41968062270.42725480270.43686118750.45193522110.4857678403

6650.43110.4290.4290.5340.5340.43097485140.43188960720.4339427130.43654668120.44063274540.4498036320.46143513090.4796869090.5206517548

6700.43460.4390.4390.5950.5950.44114147360.4421606650.44444816920.44734942650.45190198720.46211989290.47507933330.49541487510.5410565832

6750.4390.4480.4480.5440.5440.44997088850.45090267030.45299398980.45564642470.45980854120.46915012210.48099811380.49958960550.5413169146

6800.45240.4650.4650.5020.5020.46683366260.46769346210.46962322220.47207075040.47591133370.48453125570.49546396240.51261921810.5511229953

6850.4690.4860.4860.420.420.4875786110.48829793140.4899123960.49196003260.49517311890.50238466730.51153112410.52588345320.5580962568

6900.49290.5160.5160.3290.3290.51730157810.51786502110.51912962970.52073354150.52325034890.5288991480.53606355890.54730572470.5725379833

6950.53050.5590.5590.2620.2620.56010309240.56055177340.56155880660.56283603380.56484021810.56933847030.57504363460.58399599710.6040889515

7000.58390.6240.04010.6240.2150.2150.62497450020.62534267860.62616902940.62721709580.62886168830.63255286170.63723440240.64458052710.6610683929

7050.65330.7040.05070.704

7100.75610.8270.07090.827

7150.90291.0070.10411.007

7201.07451.2310.15651.231

7251.27881.4890.21021.489

7301.60690.251.8569

7351.96240.252.2124

7402.14560.252.3956

7452.14230.252.3923

7502.1950.252.445

scattering

wavelengthbbswBb sw modwavelengthest. bbsw0.010.020.050.10.20.5125

3500.013450.0132646220.01353800.00936047240.00515475830.00538798990.00584253790.00634080260.00702014670.00828516890.00959054720.01124361760.013947266

3750.009980.00990106040.01003850.00885589740.00489670650.00512714980.00557632170.00606876840.00674029340.00799108420.00928223150.01091801690.0135957133

4000.007550.00753128050.00763900.00838451440.00465539840.0048831250.00532705860.00581383650.00647774290.00771466710.00899194850.0106108920.0132633019

4250.005810.00582453510.00583950.00794375540.00442954460.00465462320.00509345120.00557470380.00623118440.00745459310.00871835950.01032088770.0129486511

4500.004540.00457124890.00454000.00753128050.00421796960.00444046640.00487431640.00535018180.00599942230.00720965350.00846024270.01004676590.012650499

4750.003590.00363495660.00364050.00714495420.00401960070.00423957950.00466857450.00513918570.00578136490.00697874380.00821648130.00978739460.0123676908

5000.002880.00292462570.00294100.00678282620.0038334580.00405098020.00447523840.00494072370.00557601370.00676085390.00798605310.00954173720.0120991683

5250.002330.00237820620.00234150.00644311290.0036586450.00387376970.00429340550.00475388820.00538245520.00655505870.00776802170.00930884370.0118439604

5500.001930.00195257620.00194200.00612418130.00349434080.00370712530.00412224850.00457784790.00519985180.00636051010.00756152830.0090878420.0116011757

5750.001620.00161723840.00164250.00582453510.00333979320.00355029240.00396100930.00441184020.00502743560.00617642960.0073657840.00887793080.011369994

6000.001410.00135027880.00144300.00554280140.00319431170.00340257870.00380899190.00425516520.0048645010.0060021020.0071800640.00867837330.0111496607

6250.00113572130.00114350.00527771940.00305726210.00326334840.00366555660.00410717940.00471039950.00583686960.00700370090.00848849080.01093948

6500.00096176280.00104400.00502813020.00292806150.00313201640.00353011540.00396729110.00456453450.00568012650.00683608010.0083076580.0107388103

6750.00081957650.00084450.00479296740.0028061730.00300804460.00340212660.00383495510.00442635620.00553131450.0066766350.00813529760.0105470588

7000.00070248670.00074500.00457124890.00269110240.00289093690.00328109120.00370966920.00429535770.00538991870.00652484220.00797087670.0103636777

7250.00060539150.00064550.00436206920.00258239370.0027802360.00316654890.00359096980.00417107130.00525546350.00638021860.00781390240.0101881599

7500.00052435440.00054600.0041645930.00247962630.00267551960.00305807460.00347842870.00405306470.00512750920.00624231690.00766391860.0100200357

4650.00397804870.00238241150.00257639780.00295527570.00337165050.00394093850.00500564920.00611072350.00752050280.0098588697

4700.00380172310.002290390.00248250980.00285778890.00327026910.00383432280.00488950680.00598505470.00738326330.0097042576

4750.00363495660.00220322930.00239352190.00276527790.00317394540.00373287520.0047787330.00586495520.00725183650.009555824

4800.00347713840.00212062140.00230912480.00267743120.00308236550.0036362780.0046730040.00575009460.00712588480.0094132197

4850.00332770250.00204228090.00222903210.002593960.0029952380.00354423670.00457201910.00564016650.00700509410.0092761199

4900.00318612410.00196794310.00215297780.00251459610.00291229250.00345647770.0044754990.00553488570.00688917250.0091442219

4950.00305191590.00189736210.0020807150.00243909050.00283327770.00337274660.00438318390.00543398690.00677784770.0090172435

5000.00292462570.00183030960.00201201430.0023672120.00275796010.0032928070.0042948320.00533722280.00667086640.0088949216

5050.00280383290.00176657330.00194666250.00229874520.00268612230.00321643880.00421021790.00524436340.00656799180.0087770104

5100.00268914630.00170595560.00188446090.00223348980.0026175620.00314343690.00412913190.00515519350.00646900340.00866328

5150.00258020190.00164827260.00182522480.00217125910.00255209060.00307361010.0040513780.00506951280.00637369460.0085535156

5200.00247666060.00159335280.00176878180.00211187920.00248953230.00300678020.00397677340.00498713380.00628187270.008447516

5250.00237820620.00154103650.00171497130.00205518760.00242972290.00294278050.00390514710.00490788120.00619335720.0083450929

5300.00228454390.00149117460.00166364330.00200103290.00237250920.00288145560.00383633960.00483159120.0061079790.0082460694

5350.00219539850.00144362770.00161465790.00194927360.0023177480.00282266010.00377020120.00475811030.00602557970.00815028

5400.0021105130.00139826580.0015678840.00189977730.00226530550.00276625790.00370659220.00468729460.00594601090.008057569

5450.00202964710.00135496730.00152319950.00185242020.00221505620.00271212170.00364538130.00461900940.00586913310.0079677901

5500.00195257620.00131361840.00148048970.00180708650.00216688290.00266013210.00358644570.00455312810.00579481540.007880806

5550.00187909010.00127411260.00143964750.00176366770.00212067560.00261017730.00352967010.00448953190.00572293480.0077964871

5600.00180899190.00123635020.00140057260.00172206210.00207633140.00256215240.00347494610.00442810920.00565337570.0077147119

5650.00174209740.00120023750.00136317070.00168217430.00203375340.0025159590.00342217220.0043687550.00558602920.0076353654

5700.00167823350.0011656870.00132735350.00164391490.0019928510.00247150460.00337125280.00431137080.00552079280.0075583396

5750.00161723840.00113261630.00129303820.00160719990.0019535390.00242870220.00332209790.00425586350.00545756990.0074835323

5800.00155895970.00110094830.0012601470.00157195030.00191573710.00238747030.00327462290.00420214570.00539626940.0074108472

5850.00150325460.00107061020.00122860680.0015380920.00187937020.00234773190.00322874810.00415013480.00533680560.0073401934

5900.0014499890.00104153410.00119834870.00150555510.00184436730.00230941460.00318439850.00409975310.00527909720.0072714846

5950.00139903660.00101365560.00116930820.00147427410.00181066160.00227245040.00314150330.00405092720.00522306780.0072046397

6000.00135027880.00098691440.00114142440.00144418720.00177819050.00223677490.00309999580.00400358770.00516864490.0071395815

6050.0013036040.00096125380.00111464010.00141523610.00174689450.00220232770.00305981280.00395766930.005115760.0070762372

6100.0012589070.00093662020.00108890110.0013873660.0017167180.00216905140.00302089490.00391310990.00506434850.0070145377

6150.00121608890.00091296320.00106415670.0013605250.00168760820.00213689230.00298318580.00386985110.00501434890.0069544175

6200.00117505630.00089023520.00104035890.00133466450.00165951530.00210579940.00294663240.00382783750.00496570330.0068958144

6250.00113572130.00086839130.00101746240.00130973820.00163239240.00207572440.00291118440.00378701660.00491835650.0068386694

6300.00109800080.00084738930.00099542440.00128570270.00160619520.0020466220.00287679420.00374733880.00487225630.0067829267

6350.00106181670.00082718920.00097420460.00126251680.00158088170.0020184490.00284341670.0037087570.00482735330.0067285329

6400.00102709490.00080775320.00095376480.00124014170.00155641220.00199116470.00281100920.00367122650.00478360040.0066754375

6450.00099376560.00078904560.00093406910.00121854060.00153274910.00196473040.00277953120.0036347050.00474095290.0066235923

6500.00096176280.00077103270.00091508320.00119767870.0015098570.00193910980.00274894440.00359915220.00469936840.0065729517

6550.00093102410.00075368250.00089677490.0011775230.00148770210.0019142680.00271921230.00356452990.00465880650.006523472

6600.00090149050.00073696490.00087911370.00115804240.00146625260.00189017230.00269030030.00353080190.00461922880.0064751116

6650.00087310610.00072085130.00086207070.00113920740.00144547810.00186679150.00266217570.00349793370.00458059890.006427831

6700.00084581820.00070531450.00084561840.00112098980.00142535020.00184409610.00263480730.00346589240.0045428820.0063815925

6750.00081957650.0006903290.00082973080.00110336310.00140584140.00182205790.00260816530.00343464680.00450604480.00633636

6800.00079433370.00067587030.00081438340.00108630210.0013869260.00180065030.00258222160.00340416720.00447005580.0062920992

6850.00077004490.00066191540.00079955280.00106978290.00136857950.00177984790.00255694940.00337442520.00443488490.0062487772

6900.00074666740.00064844240.00078521670.00105378280.00135077850.00175962670.0025323230.0033453940.00440050350.0062063628

6950.00072416080.00063543050.00077135420.00103828020.00133350090.00173996360.00250831830.00331704770.00436688390.0061648259

7000.00070248670.000622860.00075794520.00102325450.00131672570.0017208370.0024849120.00328936190.00433400020.0061241378

Rrs plot

0.01457666030.01455158520.01438106790.01407825670.01356163980.01248662280.01138060360.01007332030.0081546893

0.01558495670.01533812760.01475149050.01404836780.01309528090.01149177410.01010305610.00865362740.0067574916

0.01571177730.01528306640.0143857650.01341976150.01222152370.01039224260.00893872320.00751434310.0057554162

0.01533704440.01478360960.01369226540.01258388420.01127807530.00939578510.00797426230.00663078250.0050242316

0.01636982370.01554088830.01402961010.01261126020.01105145130.0089639610.00748479240.00614633310.0046039673

0.01730222450.01608870370.01405063660.01229359070.01049728930.00827009770.00678978980.00550588240.004077826

0.01744471090.01604632890.01378627570.01191335370.01006031280.00783647920.00639609870.00516641020.0038149593

0.01713219490.01561729790.01324219960.01133389440.00949251020.00733544320.00596398320.0048057680.0035427347

0.01633697270.0148697450.0125841130.01075969480.00900792960.00696396090.00566689690.00457146940.0033752262

0.01539214560.01402251290.0118863210.0101793650.00853841010.0066197280.00539854310.00436393130.0032296112

0.01456420710.01326046780.01123414540.00962080370.00807375060.00626767690.00511814130.00414302770.0030714694

0.01358412890.01239911370.01054540050.00906032940.00762876430.00594739870.0048706910.00395268760.0029383668

0.01204342610.01114073190.00966433550.00842906620.00719593810.0056958170.00470643420.00384579950.002877829

0.01071857020.01006909880.0089414590.00794207410.00689677480.00556366960.00464906930.00383198310.0028913158

0.00922849080.00882603650.00806026260.00732211930.00649644040.00536967680.00455221790.00379409880.0028928926

0.00871890510.00838675190.00772986320.007075950.00632613470.00527702010.00449973090.00376821120.0028870437

0.00835948680.00807095390.00748313420.00688437920.00618607240.00519242380.00444567720.00373574180.0028725168

0.00794366710.0077088510.00720632880.00667541310.00603973380.00511188920.004399970.00371344380.0028680622

0.00749330710.00732712270.00693418770.00649012170.00593328510.00508456580.0044107450.00374605090.0029114454

0.00693545240.00684409140.00657516770.00623332670.0057726060.00502435110.00440119840.00376723380.0029504207

0.00625476240.00624688810.00612316780.00590705340.00556948260.00495508060.0044012280.00380943970.0030160049

0.00577672190.0058162590.00577904780.00564207690.00538634270.00486720290.0043668070.00381070130.0030415675

0.00520532340.00529062840.00534212780.00529122020.00512912980.0047254110.00429360730.00378582650.0030527626

0.00452012220.00464988690.00479522060.00484270250.00479477350.00454137390.00420378130.00376429750.00308239

0.00384302430.00400568720.00422968090.00436887840.00443707660.00435134850.00412725240.00377378470.0031567816

0.00306914090.00324014180.00350233350.00370168070.00386180270.00393574350.00383996750.00360015810.0030917183

0.00240941840.00257338270.00284261030.00307103310.003290240.00349079810.00351408840.0033920550.0030079113

0.00195335280.0021056560.00236661870.00260274680.00285109330.0031329760.00324631840.00322361730.0029542426

0.00184269610.00199673670.00226518620.00251428410.00278550050.00311632430.00327828630.003305760.0030869435

0.0017560180.00191001730.00218060520.00243472870.00271596140.00307037220.00325771320.00331346030.0031270197

0.00164259950.00179449830.00206429880.00232174030.00261278590.00299505930.0032156640.00331104720.0031732395

0.00153568050.00168494870.00195273090.00221200570.00251089350.00291826040.00317091510.00330642260.0032205705

0.00142637140.00157173490.00183495860.00209333050.00239664440.00282431840.00310652790.00328203530.0032523542

0.00129080460.00142908360.0016822410.00193476850.00223763360.00268185650.00299564290.00321935020.0032650013

0.00113959160.00126762440.00150447780.00174438650.00203802450.00248501090.00282071380.00308718970.0032122025

0.00105284110.00117604280.00140576640.00164118290.00193384460.00239225290.00275280640.00306124810.0032601884

0.00098708720.00110667290.00133087230.00156248220.0018535220.00231846250.00269581790.00303469740.0032912618

0.00092663380.00104251230.00126070280.00148754680.00177503650.00224153380.00262959360.00299122060.00329575

0.00083375310.00094104530.00114366060.00135520650.00162480250.00206664610.00243985340.00279538940.0031124889

0.00073201630.00082921550.00101361970.00120746420.00145674740.00187209210.00223196610.0025875710.002934408

0.00061502870.00069894950.00085859240.00102706030.00124480440.00161085170.00193225910.00225570910.0025843817

0.00048956620.0005586860.00069105830.00083215080.00101698550.00133552640.00162617050.00193495590.0022883655

0.00038908920.00044559210.00055422660.00067069120.00082445390.0010932590.00134394880.00161850990.0019531727

0.00030706690.00035300390.00044178510.00053771210.00066571680.00089400720.00111363840.00136495640.0016999877

0.00022544570.00026009340.00032732210.0004003940.00049869160.00067667460.00085197820.0010592970.0013544779

0.00018965290.00021938250.00027708440.00033982210.00042424620.00057717320.00072785050.0009060620.0011596499

0.00018023740.0002090830.00026513350.00032617960.0004085190.00055832890.00070696310.0008845090.0011422783

0.00017347430.00020174660.00025667380.00031647760.00039710030.00054362950.00068874380.00086161150.0011111668

0.00016447550.00019178110.00024484050.00030262440.00038054480.0005222210.00066260460.00082994610.0010718066

0.00015598530.00018233990.00023354180.00028928340.00036440820.00050084040.00063575660.00079609490.0010263737

0.00014795640.00017339580.00022281790.00027661590.00034910480.00048067950.0006106650.00076490690.0009857077

0.00013985370.00016432110.00021185830.00026360660.00033333330.00045987960.00058485930.00073307760.0009449793

0.00013239260.00015596630.00020178610.0002516940.00031899160.0004412960.00056233580.00070629310.0009132748

0.00012373340.00014616080.00018978370.00023734850.00030157670.00041860970.00053490580.00067401830.000876346

0.00011558660.00013687980.00017829230.00022343650.00028437230.00039530970.0005053810.0006367410.000826856

0.0001035760.0001229740.00016070950.00020185770.00025741870.00035862470.00045910990.00057912630.0007530556

0.00009166470.00010910790.00014304280.00018004730.00023001080.00032100010.0004112930.00051903220.0006748156

0.00008566140.00010219310.00013432260.00016930220.00021642150.00030183410.00038595660.00048523740.0006256128

0.00008188960.00009792240.00012906360.00016293350.00020849130.00029083220.00037154330.00046613910.000598014

0.0000785820.00009422660.00012464840.0001577930.00020248130.00028361740.0003637190.0004585640.0005935421

0.00007416350.00008917220.000118390.0001502760.00019336620.00027194480.000350060.00044347050.0005790742

0.00006954820.00008386270.00011177570.00014231510.00018373210.00025977560.00033619370.00042900570.0005680253

0.00006422450.00007766620.00010392310.00013272750.00017193740.00024444950.00031816070.00040917760.0005501331

0.00005813330.0000704950.00009467480.00012125540.00015754190.00022501960.00029421870.00038075340.0005182361

0.00005107550.00006210280.00008369520.00010746920.00013999590.00020073760.00026344730.00034262480.000470881

Input [chl a] (mg m-3)

chl_a: 0.01

chl_a: 0.02

chl_a: 0.05

chl_a: 0.1

chl_a: 0.2

chl_a: 0.5

chl_a: 1

chl_a: 2

chl_a: 5

wavelength (nm)

Remote sensing reflectance (sr-1)

Rrs est

wavelengthchl_a: 0.01chl_a: 0.02chl_a: 0.05chl_a: 0.1chl_a: 0.2chl_a: 0.5chl_a: 1chl_a: 2chl_a: 5

3800.01457666030.01455158520.01438106790.01407825670.01356163980.01248662280.01138060360.01007332030.0081546893

3850.01558495670.01533812760.01475149050.01404836780.01309528090.01149177410.01010305610.00865362740.0067574916

3900.01571177730.01528306640.0143857650.01341976150.01222152370.01039224260.00893872320.00751434310.0057554162

3950.01533704440.01478360960.01369226540.01258388420.01127807530.00939578510.00797426230.00663078250.0050242316

4000.01636982370.01554088830.01402961010.01261126020.01105145130.0089639610.00748479240.00614633310.0046039673

4050.01730222450.01608870370.01405063660.01229359070.01049728930.00827009770.00678978980.00550588240.004077826

4100.01744471090.01604632890.01378627570.01191335370.01006031280.00783647920.00639609870.00516641020.0038149593

4150.01713219490.01561729790.01324219960.01133389440.00949251020.00733544320.00596398320.0048057680.0035427347

4200.01633697270.0148697450.0125841130.01075969480.00900792960.00696396090.00566689690.00457146940.0033752262

4250.01539214560.01402251290.0118863210.0101793650.00853841010.0066197280.00539854310.00436393130.0032296112

4300.01456420710.01326046780.01123414540.00962080370.00807375060.00626767690.00511814130.00414302770.0030714694

4350.01358412890.01239911370.01054540050.00906032940.00762876430.00594739870.0048706910.00395268760.0029383668

4400.01204342610.01114073190.00966433550.00842906620.00719593810.0056958170.00470643420.00384579950.002877829

4450.01071857020.01006909880.0089414590.00794207410.00689677480.00556366960.00464906930.00383198310.0028913158

4500.00922849080.00882603650.00806026260.00732211930.00649644040.00536967680.00455221790.00379409880.0028928926

4550.00871890510.00838675190.00772986320.007075950.00632613470.00527702010.00449973090.00376821120.0028870437

4600.00835948680.00807095390.00748313420.00688437920.00618607240.00519242380.00444567720.00373574180.0028725168

4650.00794366710.0077088510.00720632880.00667541310.00603973380.00511188920.004399970.00371344380.0028680622

4700.00749330710.00732712270.00693418770.00649012170.00593328510.00508456580.0044107450.00374605090.0029114454

4750.00693545240.00684409140.00657516770.00623332670.0057726060.00502435110.00440119840.00376723380.0029504207

4800.00625476240.00624688810.00612316780.00590705340.00556948260.00495508060.0044012280.00380943970.0030160049

4850.00577672190.0058162590.00577904780.00564207690.00538634270.00486720290.0043668070.00381070130.0030415675

4900.00520532340.00529062840.00534212780.00529122020.00512912980.0047254110.00429360730.00378582650.0030527626

4950.00452012220.00464988690.00479522060.00484270250.00479477350.00454137390.00420378130.00376429750.00308239

5000.00384302430.00400568720.00422968090.00436887840.00443707660.00435134850.00412725240.00377378470.0031567816

5050.00306914090.00324014180.00350233350.00370168070.00386180270.00393574350.00383996750.00360015810.0030917183

5100.00240941840.00257338270.00284261030.00307103310.003290240.00349079810.00351408840.0033920550.0030079113

5150.00195335280.0021056560.00236661870.00260274680.00285109330.0031329760.00324631840.00322361730.0029542426

5200.00184269610.00199673670.00226518620.00251428410.00278550050.00311632430.00327828630.003305760.0030869435

5250.0017560180.00191001730.00218060520.00243472870.00271596140.00307037220.00325771320.00331346030.0031270197

5300.00164259950.00179449830.00206429880.00232174030.00261278590.00299505930.0032156640.00331104720.0031732395

5350.00153568050.00168494870.00195273090.00221200570.00251089350.00291826040.00317091510.00330642260.0032205705

5400.00142637140.00157173490.00183495860.00209333050.00239664440.00282431840.00310652790.00328203530.0032523542

5450.00129080460.00142908360.0016822410.00193476850.00223763360.00268185650.00299564290.00321935020.0032650013

5500.00113959160.00126762440.00150447780.00174438650.00203802450.00248501090.00282071380.00308718970.0032122025

5550.00105284110.00117604280.00140576640.00164118290.00193384460.00239225290.00275280640.00306124810.0032601884

5600.00098708720.00110667290.00133087230.00156248220.0018535220.00231846250.00269581790.00303469740.0032912618

5650.00092663380.00104251230.00126070280.00148754680.00177503650.00224153380.00262959360.00299122060.00329575

5700.00083375310.00094104530.00114366060.00135520650.00162480250.00206664610.00243985340.00279538940.0031124889

5750.00073201630.00082921550.00101361970.00120746420.00145674740.00187209210.00223196610.0025875710.002934408

5800.00061502870.00069894950.00085859240.00102706030.00124480440.00161085170.00193225910.00225570910.0025843817

5850.00048956620.0005586860.00069105830.00083215080.00101698550.00133552640.00162617050.00193495590.0022883655

5900.00038908920.00044559210.00055422660.00067069120.00082445390.0010932590.00134394880.00161850990.0019531727

5950.00030706690.00035300390.00044178510.00053771210.00066571680.00089400720.00111363840.00136495640.0016999877

6000.00022544570.00026009340.00032732210.0004003940.00049869160.00067667460.00085197820.0010592970.0013544779

6050.00018965290.00021938250.00027708440.00033982210.00042424620.00057717320.00072785050.0009060620.0011596499

6100.00018023740.0002090830.00026513350.00032617960.0004085190.00055832890.00070696310.0008845090.0011422783

6150.00017347430.00020174660.00025667380.00031647760.00039710030.00054362950.00068874380.00086161150.0011111668

6200.00016447550.00019178110.00024484050.00030262440.00038054480.0005222210.00066260460.00082994610.0010718066

6250.00015598530.00018233990.00023354180.00028928340.00036440820.00050084040.00063575660.00079609490.0010263737

6300.00014795640.00017339580.00022281790.00027661590.00034910480.00048067950.0006106650.00076490690.0009857077

6350.00013985370.00016432110.00021185830.00026360660.00033333330.00045987960.00058485930.00073307760.0009449793

6400.00013239260.00015596630.00020178610.0002516940.00031899160.0004412960.00056233580.00070629310.0009132748

6450.00012373340.00014616080.00018978370.00023734850.00030157670.00041860970.00053490580.00067401830.000876346

6500.00011558660.00013687980.00017829230.00022343650.00028437230.00039530970.0005053810.0006367410.000826856

6550.0001035760.0001229740.00016070950.00020185770.00025741870.00035862470.00045910990.00057912630.0007530556

6600.00009166470.00010910790.00014304280.00018004730.00023001080.00032100010.0004112930.00051903220.0006748156

6650.00008566140.00010219310.00013432260.00016930220.00021642150.00030183410.00038595660.00048523740.0006256128

6700.00008188960.00009792240.00012906360.00016293350.00020849130.00029083220.00037154330.00046613910.000598014

6750.0000785820.00009422660.00012464840.0001577930.00020248130.00028361740.0003637190.0004585640.0005935421

6800.00007416350.00008917220.000118390.0001502760.00019336620.00027194480.000350060.00044347050.0005790742

6850.00006954820.00008386270.00011177570.00014231510.00018373210.00025977560.00033619370.00042900570.0005680253

6900.00006422450.00007766620.00010392310.00013272750.00017193740.00024444950.00031816070.00040917760.0005501331

6950.00005813330.0000704950.00009467480.00012125540.00015754190.00022501960.00029421870.00038075340.0005182361

7000.00005107550.00006210280.00008369520.00010746920.00013999590.00020073760.00026344730.00034262480.000470881

SeaWiFS empirical OC4 algorithm for Chl-a; Called a maximum-band ratio alg.

MODIS Ocean ProductsMODIS Instruments: Terra (1030 morning), Aqua (1330 afternoon)40 products: 4 SST, 36 Ocean ColorResolution:Spatial: Level 2 - 1km, ~2000km x 2000km; Level 3 - 4km, 39 km, 1 deg [all products are global]Temporal Resolution:Level 2 - 5 minute granule; Level 3 - daily, 8 day week, monthly, yearly

MODIS Ocean data productsThere are 86 ocean parameters available in over 100 categories of MODIS Ocean data types archived by (and may be obtained from) the NASA Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center.

The three basic groupings of MODIS ocean data parameters are:ocean colorsea surface temperatureocean primary production Ocean Parameter categories:36 Ocean Color parameters4 Sea Surface Temperature parameters8 Primary Productivity parameters (including 2 Primary Production indices) 38 Quality Control parameters.

Processing levelsOcean color and sea surface temperature are available at a variety of processing levels:

Level 1 - Unprocessed top of the atmosphere radiance/reflectanceAt 1-km spatial resolution5 minute granule time resolution Level 2 swath data At 1-km spatial resolution5 minute granule time resolutionLevel 3 global binned or mapped data spatial resolutions of 4.63km, 39km, or 1 degreeTime resolutions of one day, 8 days, a month or a year. The binned data products use an integerized sinusoidal equal area grid (ISEAG). The mapped products use a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection.

Level 4 ProductivityOcean primary production data is available only as binned or mapped Level 4 (i.e. L4) data.Ocean Productivity outputs are averaged weekly or yearly. Like the L3 data, the L4 data is organized spatially as either 4km ISEAG gridded bins or as maps using a Cylindrical Equidistant Projection. The mapped data products are available in a choice of 4km , 39km, or 1 degree spatial resolutions. More than one model is used for deriving these data products and some quality statistics are available.

DAILYPGE208-DAYPGE54MONTHLYPGE73YEARLYPGE74PGE51L2L3L3L3L3L3L3L3L3L3L3L3L3L4L4L4L4L3L3L3L3L4L4L4L4PGE52L4DATA BINNING PATHWAYSOcean Color & SSTOcean Primary Productivity1 km 4.6 km 4.9km 39km 1 =111 km Swath ISEAG Linear Linear Linear Binned Maps

SeaWifs, April 24, 1999Thanks to Seelye Martion

July 17th, 2003Aug 3rd, 2003

http:/sal.ocean.washington.edu (my lab web-site)

http://learn.arc.nasa.gov/http://www.earth.nasa.gov/

Flying

Miles G. Logsdon, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, mlog@u.washington.eduMy agenda is to offer an overview of the concepts of Remote Sensing and Image Processing with specific applications to ocean and coastal environments.These are the people that can offer a much more detail understanding of the subject.At the root enjoying your work in Remote Sensing is to enjoy looking an pictures.Here are the formal definitions of Remote Sensing and Image processing. Note the words which Ive highlighted.Well be concern primarily with the second source of radiations the passive reflected light Remote Sensing data is received from the satellite and processed into image files based upon an index of path and rows over the earths surface Paths (numbered east to west) follow the path of the satellite or swath over the earths surface, while Rows (number north to south) divide the swath into image scenes.Classified LandcoverNormalized Difference Vegetation IndexLand surface TemperatureA time series Visible light spectrum and the additive (combining color sources) Subtractive (absorb color)Our eye is a remote sensing instrument. Passive radiation from the sun reflects of the leaf (while some energy is absorbed) and the return is the spectral signature.The light has to travel through the atmosphere twice and is affected by the angle of the sun and the view angle of the sensor.- Absorption, - Scattering, - Emission.The sensors measures both the added radiance from the scattering of light from the atmospheric composition and the absorption of light as well.Our main Atmospheric correction is concerned with Rayleigh scatteringThe shape of the Atmospheric particle affects the scatteringNote the affects of scattering as a function of wavelengthSurface roughness influences the direction and amount of reflectionsThese are the types of surfaces we must deal with when investigating the reflective properties various materialsPIXEL: the spatial unit for the measurement of reflected light by remote sensing instrument (the resolutions)The 1-D histogram and the 2-D scatterplot map pixel values by wavelength bands into spectral space.The ocean color sensors are primarily designed to investigate the visible part of the EM spectrumNames for band combinations: true color, false color, pseudo-colorSources and destinations of data in the binning and mapping process.