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ENG 511: English as a World Language

Topic: Code-switching

Presented by:• Sharifun Nahar• Rafasa Binthe Rafiq• Mohammad Mustafizur Rahman

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An introduction to code-switchingCode-switching is one of the phenomenon of

language which occurs in societies to make the communication more effective and meaningful.

The term “code-switching” is first used by Uriel Weinreich (1953) in the first article “Language Contacts” of Hans Vogt.

What is code-switching?

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Code-switchingWhen  two or more languages are in use in

one single conversation side by side and express an authentic form from both of the basic language.

“The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation”

- Oxford Dictionary

When it occurs?

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When occur:In linguistics, code-switching

occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation.

Example of code-switching

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Example:The bilingual leaflet of Hong Kong

Bank which were distributed in Filipino workers in 1994. They used Tagalog and English together to express their point of view.

Why switch or why it occurs?

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Reasons for code-switchingTo hide fluency or memory problems in the

second language.To mark switching from informal situations to

formal situations.To change a topic and tress that by using an

appropriate code.To exert control, especially between parents

and children.Influence of western cultural.To express someone’s emotion.

Nick names of code-switching

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Names of mixed variety EnglishFranglais (French+English)Tex-Mex (Spanish+English)Chinglish (Chinese+English)Japlish (Japanese+Englih)Singlish (English Creole)Spanglish (Spanish+English)Denglish (German+English)Banglish (Bengali+English)

General attitude towards code-switching

In past, code-switching had a negative effect but at present the practice of code-switching is increasing.

Types of code-switching

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Types of code-switching

Tag switching

Inter-sentential switching

Intra-sentential switching

Intra-word switching

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Types of code-switchingTag switching: It occurs at end of a sentence with

question. E.g. “It is a nice weather, taina?” Intra-word switching: A change occurs within word. E.g.

“Tenshito.” Inter-sentential switching: When change takes place at

the end of a clause or sentence and two different sentences will be in two different languages but topic will be the same. E.g. “Bachte hole amader taka dorkar. It is must.”

Intra-sentential switching: A change occurs within a clause or sentence. E.g. “Eto late keno.”

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Code-switching on conversation

Rahim: Hey Karim! Why are you late? Class to shuru hoye jabe.

Karim: Road a huge traffic. When have you come?

Rahim: Traffic our problem. However, eito ektu age aslam. Colo classroom a jai.

Karim: Hm. Let’s go.

is

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McArthur: “World wide communication centres on

standard English, which however radiates out into many kinds of English and many other languages, producing clarity here, confusion there, and novelties and nonsenses everywhere. The result can be – often is – chaotic, but despite the blurred edges, this latter-day Babel manages to work.”

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