Code Switching in Philippine Television

8/11/2019 Code Switching in Philippine Television

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7ass #edia plays a crucial role in for#ing and reflecting public opinion" connecting the

world to individuals and reproducing the self&i#age of society.

According to 7c8uhan and iore $19!)" the #edia have a strong social and cultural

i#pact upon society. This is #anifested upon the #edias capability to reach a wide audience with

a strong and influential #essage. 7arshall 7c8uhan uses the phrase +the #ediu# is the

#essage, to e5plain how the distribution of a #essage can often be #ore i#portant than content

of the #essage itself. 3n addition" :;eagan $199ighlighting the role of television is the wor of %rissel $600!). %rissel states that the

case for studying television as a #ediu# is based on its i#portance as the fore#ost" if not the

sole source of infor#ation" entertain#ent and cultural enrich#ent for the great #a-ority of the

worlds population. As such" it has also had a powerful i#pact on those who# it observes"

whether govern#ents" corporate bodies or private individuals 2 this #aes television worth

studying.

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urther" although hu#an co##unication abilities are biologically based and genetically

trans#itted" environ#ent ?including television@" is also i#portant to speech develop#ent.

'estructive environ#ents can har# genetically deter#ined behavior" and even though children

learn to spea in al#ost any environ#ent" only in supportive teaching environ#ents will they

learn to read" write andor spea elo4uently $Bare#ore C >opper" 1990).

>ow does television influence learningD *eth Parent $6009)" on her article Fhat is code

switchingD states that code switching is a ter# used in linguistics which #eans switching

between two or #ore languages in the course of conversation. This also refers to the ability to

suddenly switch languages or dialects fro# one conversation to ne5t which could also be

dependent on conte5t e.g. situation or conversation partner. The occurence of code switching in

a conversation could happen in few various ways. 3t can happen fro# one sentence to the ne5t"

within a sentence fro# phrase to phrase" or one word at a ti#e.

Although the ter# originally referred only to a linguistic pheno#enon a#ong #ultilingual

conversationalists" the reality is that al#ost everyone engages in code switching every day. This

#ight be rooted to the idea that we all deal with different inds of people with who# we have

different levels of relationships in conte5ts of all sorts all the ti#e which re4uires as to code switch

in a distinct #anner on each.3t is also i#portant that one #ust now when is the appropriate ti#e

to integrate code switching in a certain conversation" when young children learn #ultiple

languages si#ultaneously" they also learn to co#part#entalize the# so that they use the

appropriate language to any one they tal to considering their relationship with the person" the

purpose and the situation.

A perfect #anifestation of code switching in Philippine English is the use of Gonyo

English and Taglish. Gonyo English is an English&based pidgin which uses an underlying English

structure and draws fro# a Tagalog le5icon. ilipino English" which is pri#arily A#erican English

spoen with a slight ilipino accent and uses English words that have been indigenized for local

ilipino use" is a largely #iddle&class pheno#enon and is used by the educated class. Taglish" on

the other hand" is the pidgin that is essentially Tagalog but #erely uses English nouns and verbs"

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yet retains Tagalog gra##atical function words for the #ost part" and is used by the broadest

range of people in the Philippines.

or the researchers" the use of discourse analysis was vital to the success of the study.

'iscourse Analysis can be characterized as a way of approaching and thining about a proble#.

3n this sense" 'iscourse Analysis is neither a 4ualitative nor a 4uantitative research #ethod" but a

#anner of 4uestioning the basic assu#ptions of 4uantitative and 4ualitative research #ethods.

'iscourse Analysis will not supply absolute answers to a specific proble#" but it will -ust help in

the understanding of various circu#stances behind a specific proble# and #ae help with the

realization of the i#portance of that proble#" and its resolution" lie in its assu#ptionsH the very

assu#ptions that #ae the proble# e5ists.

'iscourse Analysis ai#s at allowing us to view the proble# fro# a higher standpoint

and to gain a co#prehensive view of the proble# and people in relation to that proble#. The

purpose of 'iscourse Analysis is not to provide definite answers" but to e5pand personal horizons

and enables the realization of shortco#ings and unacnowledged agendas#otivations. 3n short"

critical analysis reveals what is going beyond nowledge which deter#ines peoples

actions.'iscourse or %ritical Analysis always re#ains a #atter of interpretation. As there is no

hard data provided through discourse analysis" the reliability and the validity of oneIs

researchfindings depends on the force and logic of oneIs argu#ents. Even the best constructed

argu#ents are sub-ect to their own deconstructive reading and counter&interpretations. The

validity of critical analysis is" therefore" dependent on the 4uality of the rhetoric. 'espite this fact"

well&founded argu#ents re#ain authoritative over ti#e and have concrete applications.

'iscourse Analysis and critical thining is applicable to every situation and every sub-ect.

The new perspective provided by discourse analysis allows personal growth and a high level of

creative fulfill#ent. Bo technology or funds are necessary and authoritative discourse analysis

can lead to funda#ental changes in the practices of an institution" the profession" and society as

a whole. >owever" 'iscourse Analysis does not provide definite answersH it is not a hard

science" but an insightnowledge based on continuous debate and argu#entation.

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Related Studies

A description of Philippine English was conducted by *autista $19//). >er study"

+3nvestigating the gra##atical features of Philippine English, ai#ed to validate features already

identified with concordance to the progra# on the one #illion word Philippine corpus" the

Philippine co#ponent of the 3nternational corpus of English" $3%E&P>3). The essential research

issue here was to identify which gra##atical features occur in 3%E&P>3 and to investigate their

fre4uency and occurrence. The proble# she focused on was about the fre4uency of a collection

of disparate gra##atical ele#ents were investigated. These ele#ents were chosen because they

had caught the attention of researchers and observers of Philippine English. The participants of

the research were 3%E fro# countries such as Singapore" Jreat *ritain" >ongong and

Philippines. The instru#ent used was Forld S#ith tools concordancing progra#. The 3%E 2 P>3

corpus gra##atical ele#ents were carefully analyzed and were co#pared to other corpora.

There were observations that proved the distinction of Philippine English a#ong other Englishes.

Fe tae for e5a#ple the observation that it appeared criteria in distinguishing Philippine English

fro# other new Englishes is a feature that appeared rather pro#inently in Philippine English but

not in Singapore or >ongong EnglishK the use of wherein as an all purpose connector e4uivalent

not $in other varieties of English) where" when" in which" by which and through which in all genres

especially in casual conversations.

%orroborating *autistas findings is the wor of Gingsley *olton and Susan *utler $600)

and their study +8e5icography and the 'escription of Philippine English Locabulary, which ai#ed

to tacle a range of issues relevant to the study of the English vocabulary. *ecause it is such a

broad topic" the researchers utilized a historical study to investigate the state of Philippine

le5icography. They also did a survey on the various approaches to the description of the

vocabulary" and then #oved to a discussion of the develop#ent of the Philippine English le5icon.

The study concluded that cultural contact with colonizers allowed ilipino words to be borrowed

into English. The end result today is a vibrant word stoc that directly reflects the hybridity of life

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in Philippine society. The researchers say that" although this is the case" Febster is still regarded

as the authority on English in the Philippines.

urther substantiating the studies on the Philippine English is the wor of Tupas $6001)"

which is titled" +Forld Englishes or worlds of EnglishD Pitfalls of a Postcolonial 'iscourse in

Philippine English, and ai#ed to provide an interrogation of Forld English as a post colonial

discourse and e5plain the ideological foundations of a particular paradig# 2 Forld English. Tupas

situated the paradig# within theoretical and political conte5t and concretized his argu#ent

through a discussion of the political dyna#ics of Philippine English. *ecause post colonialis# has

gained little attention in #ain strea# linguistics" his study yields a re&opening of spaces for

discussion for the issues ignored by the field. This was through the use of Philippine English as

an e5a#ple.

Conceptual Framewor

The study involved the analysis of an episode of Sunday afternoon tal show +The *uzz,

as its pri#ary source of infor#ation" wherein there is a prevalence of code switching during the

course of the shows seg#ents. The researchers transcribed the dialogues in the progra# for

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discourse analysis. The analysis co#posed of identifying the occurrence of code switching in the

phrasal and clausal levels. They also observed how often code switching occurred in the

seg#ents. The researchers discussed the relationships of the participants" $host&guest) along

with their socio&econo#ic bacgrounds to answer why they use such language. The output would

then be an analysis of the occurrence of code switching in #edia 2 specifically in Philippine

television 2 today. The flow of the study is illustrated in the paradig# below.

Conceptual Paradi!m

Statement of the Problem

Television is a persuasive #ediu# which affects its audiences in various aspects. 3ts

influence to its viewers a#ong all other #edia is unparalleled due to its accessibility and

popularity. This reality has enabled personalities fro# television to be idolized and even i#itated

by its spectators thereby branding the# as #odern role #odels for children" teens and even

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adults. Fith this nowledge in #ind" the researchers pri#ary concern is to identify the

occurrences of code switching in Philippine Television.

This study ai#ed to answer the following proble#sK

1. >ow does code switching occur in the causal and phrasal levelD6. >ow does the discourse relationship a#ong participants affect code switchingD

Si!nificance of the Stud"

;esults of this study will benefit #edia personalities" students" language enthusiasts C future

researchers.

To 7edia Personalities

The study will serve as a #eans for the #edia to tae a loo on what is the present situation of

Television today" as they serve as role #odels for viewers as far as their use of language is

concerned.

To Students

Students #ay learn #ore about how code switching actually affects a persons language

develop#ent and how watching shows fro# TL #ay have an effect on their language capabilities.

8anguage and 8inguistics Enthusiasts

E5perts in the field of language can use this study as a reference for studying code switching"

especially in popular for#s lie television today.

To future researchers

This study can be used as a #aterial for related studies or for any si#ilar studies such as this for

future reference.

Scope and #elimitation

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The study involved A*S&%*Bs Sunday afternoon showbiz tal show +The *uzz, and its

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This study was conducted with the use of descriptive #ethod under which is the use of

discourse analysis for the transcriptions. 7ainly" the study used such analysis in identifying the

occurrence of code switching in the tal show +The *uzz,.

As 4uoted in the study of Arao" et al" the descriptive #ethod is used to discover facts on

which professional -udg#ent could be based. 3t involves the description" recording" analysis and

interpretation of what it is $Travers. 19/().

Instrument%s

The instru#ent used in the study was an episode of A*S&%*Bs Sunday afternoon tal

show +The *uzz," which delves into local showbiz controversies and celebrity news. The show

was transcribed by the researchers and later analyzed to identify the occurrence of code

switching.

Procedure

The researchers first recorded an episode of the *uzz $Manuary


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refers to 8ine. The nu#bers that succeed the# deter#ine seg#ent nu#ber and line nu#ber fro#

the corpus respectively. The underlined words indicate a code switched ele#ent. The bacslash

represents the sentences division between the noun phrase and verb phrase). Part Two will

tacle a discussion on the relationships of the participants $guests and hosts)" and their

bacgrounds.

PART &'E

I( En!lish )erbs combined with Filipino Affi*es

%onsider the case of verbs in English with ilipino affi5es.

An Affi5 is a 7orphe#eadded to a word to change its function or #eaning. There are three

basic ways to do thisK

Prefi5$Unlapi) & by adding a #orphe#e to the beginning of awordK

Suffi5$>ulapi) & by adding &ly to the end of #any ad-ectives" the adverb can

be for#edK cheerful& cheerfully

3nfi5 $Jitlapi) & so#e languages add #orphe#es to the #iddle of the word"

but this syste# is rarely used in English" e5cept in e5pressions such as Ian&

bloody&tasticI" nown as +t#esis,

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S181(0 & So" lahat ng #ga nalin sa anya.

S18600 & 7edyo nashoc ao dun.

S18606 & :o anong song idededicate #o ay popsD

S68( & Nhindi #o aayaning #agsurvive ng isang araw na hindiN

S6816 2 3nangiogra# siya" hindi siya inangioplasty.

%hinec ung #ay #ga bara&bara yung puso niya

Pina&e5ecutive chec&up o siya at lahatN

S!819 & *ut youre gonna regain your sight na#anD :h good. :" sorry ha" ang advantage niya

ase ang ganda ng atawan niya" aya feeling o nagpaa&nice sayo" niluwagan nalang yung

suot.

S/86/K Bandun tayo sa PA8 %ounter" nagchec&in ao.

Gasi ang SBB yung #ga interviews na inaair 6 wees ago pa yun.

Parang nabobother a na dahil #atagal #o ng gustong sabihin sa ain na nagaalabuan na and

then sinabihan ita +eh bait di #o chinange yung contact profile picture #oD,

S/81/K Oou now tito dati asi taot ao #ag&e5peri#ent and&

S/86(K Ah#" yung nagalabuan its been #onths $adv)" hindi na#an siya yung basta&basta na

lang na nagbrea $v) a#i.

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A co##on feature these e5tracts share is the use of +dibaD, which is a contraction of

+hindi baD, or" when translated" #eans +rightD, in English $e.g. S!869 and S/89). %oincidentally"

these lines were also spoen by one speaer $A4uino). This could possibly be a condition where

+diba, is not purely used as a 4uestion tag" but also a habitual e5pression by the speaer. The

re#aining 4uestion tags $S!81/" S189/ and S/8661) tae the for# of phrases as 4uestion tags.

Apparently" when a 4uestion is raised" code switching would #ost liely occur.

7ost liely" ilipino 4uestion tags are used by code switching speaers because they

probably dont now the English counterpart of the tag or that the practice si#ply beca#e

so#ething of a habit. 3t could also be suggested that the popularity of using such tags to add

flavor to the conversation is liely.

III( Code switchin! in the noun phrase

Another co##on occurrence of code switching happens in the noun phrase of a

sentence. A noun phrase is a phrase whose head is a noun or a pronoun" optionally acco#panied

by a set of #odifiers. *elow is a list of e5a#ples.

S18(= & Totoo ba na #ost #e#orable valentines #o#ent nioN

S189! & Bo" we -ust" we -ust" yung clothes na gina#it na#en sa concert" we -ust" we -ust uh"

e5changed clothes.

S18160 & Usap&usapan ang issing scene nio sa #usic video na ipapalabas sa concert.

S811 & naghahanap ng #aaasa#a sa anyang trip to %anada.

S81! & hindi o po ayang #unang i&give up ang career o

S/8

pangalandaan at sabihin na 3# very proud of.

S/86K Siguro the full co##it#ent"N

S/8/9K Shaina" 8etstal about learning" itong #ga pinagdaanan #o sa #ga naaraang buwan"

what&&&

%ode switching in the noun phrase" although fre4uent" is not as fre4uent an occurrence

co#pared to the verb phrase level. >owever" code switching can also occur inside the noun

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phrase $see S18160) which was also a focus in the study of *autista $19//)" The Boun Phrase in

Tagalog 2 English %ode Switching.

I)( E*pressions and Ad-uncts

An ad-unct is used to describe a word" phrase" or clause -oined to another word or

phrase" yet not syntactically re4uired by that word or phrase. 7ost of the ti#e" its use is confused

with adverbs" which play a #a-or role in sentences as #odifiers. Ad-uncts" however" are

unessential to co#plete the thought of the sentence. E5pressions" on the other hand" are popular

or fa#ous phrases" nown and used by #ost speaers. These ter#s #ay often be described as

clichs" but offer a brief and direct way to address a #essage" rather than looing for alternative

frag#ents to use.

S181 & first ti#e ever

S681/0 & Pero yun lang" 3 thin" asi nga" ta#ang ta#a" bagong taon"

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S/8=( & Ao" 3 wanted to say otherwise na ang sinasabi o lang" pag bata" now in hindsight" but

of course Grissy" what youre trying to say" uh" when youre in a relationship you dont say&&&

S/8(= 2 well" #ara#ing sala#at na lang din ho because youre only #aing #e stronger and

youre #aing #e even #ore well loved" #aing #e feel even #ore well loved.

S(866 & So walang u#ocontrol o nag#a#anipulate sa iyo o sa inyong pa#ilya as far as #oneyis concernedD

3t is obvious with the above e5tracts that the use of English e5pressions contributes #uch

to the occurrence of code switching $e.g. 3 thin" well" #y god). Although there are also situations

lie +naku and dedma (dead malice, in "n#lish, but more $ilipino in nature!which utilize well

nown ilipino e5pressions for code switches. Ad-uncts also contribute to the code switching

pheno#ena" especially with words lie +nohD, $which is also +rightD, in English).

A special case is the use of the word +effect, after repeating a word" to describe so#eone

or so#ething $see 819). 3n here" the ter# +swi##ing&swi##ing effect, beco#es an ad-ective"

acting as a noun" despite the use of +swi##ing, which is a verb. This occurred twice in the sa#e

e5tract with +pandesal&pandesal effect,. Pandesal $salted bread) is a Spanish ter# and a noun"

repeated and said with effect to act as an ad-ective in the sentence. The fa#ous practice of

ilipinos in coining new ter#s and taing English words and integrating the# in to the ilipino

le5icon $#ost liely slang)" could be derived here. Another is the practice of adding the suffi5 +2

cious, to ilipino words and ter#s to #ae the# #ore sophisticated&sounding $S!819 2

+bonggacious,). 8astly" the use of English clichs and popular e5pressions also contribute to the

act of code switching $S/8!/ 2 it taes two to tango and S/8=( 2 now in hindsight).

)( Con-unction

:ften" the con-unction serves as a transitory tool for code switching as seen in the

following e5tracts. A con-unction acts as a lin for two words" phrases or clauses to create

co#pound sentences or ideas. %on-unctions #ay be categorized in the followingK

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%oordinating con-unctions" also called coordinators" are con-unctions that -oin two or

#ore ite#s of e4ual syntactic i#portance.

%orrelative con-unctions are pairs of con-unctions that wor together to coordinate two

ite#s. English e5a#ples include both%and" &n'either%&n'or" and not &onl'%but &also'"

either... or" whether... or.

Subordinating con-unctions" also called subordinators" are con-unctions that introduce a

dependent clause.

:ut of all the different types of con-unctions" subordinators and coordinators stand out the

#ost in the corpus" acting as transitions for code switching.

S181!. They can call ticet world (91&9999 for their ticets" and para po dun sa naabili po ng

L3P ticetsR

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)I( Emphasis

E#phasis or repetition of thought is the idea behind the occurrences of code switching

on the sited sa#ples below. 3t is evident that the code switched line also carries the sa#e

#eaning of the previously declared state#ent. Aside fro# e#phasis" it #ight also e#body the

purpose of #aing the state#ent or #eaning clearer.

S/811K Bo" 3thin the point also sa sinasabi ni Grissy"#ula" ah" youve been blessed with uh"

diversed roles" ibat&ibang laseng roles ang nabibigay sayo. Bgayon si Angel" si Angelica is

going se5y sa ;ubi dibaD

S!8/ & *isayang tisoy ang cuteQ Baaaaliw" ang cuteQ

)II( Relative Pronoun

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that #ars a relative clause within a larger sentence. 3t is

called a relative pronoun because it relates to the word that it #odifies and is not specific. Ergo"

relative pronouns beca#e ey in identifying code switching in the clausal level.

S181( & So" you agree" na sana di sila #ag#ana sayo pagdating saN & dependent clause

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languages" verbs are #odified to encode tense" aspect" #ood and voice. A verb #ay also agree

with the person" gender" andor nu#ber of so#e of its argu#ents" such as its sub-ect" or ob-ect.

Sindi na#an" not big na#an po. 8ean" lean. and uh" sana ripped" uh" hopefully thats #y

goal.

S!8= & 8alo na asi it starts off sa Sinulog in %ebu so talagang lahat ng ating #ga apa#ilyang

%ebuano na napaara#i. 3nvite the#.

:bserve that the e5tracts above are not nu#erous co#pared to code switching via verbs

with ilipino affi5es. 3t could be then derived that speaers who practice code switching prefer the

alteration of verbs rather than the direct use of the# in conversations. Lerbs also signify the part

of the sentence where the verb phrase is #ost liely located. Therefore" when the verb is code

switched" there is a high probability that the verb phrase would also follow suit.

I.( 'ouns

Bouns are basically na#es for persons" places" things" events a#ong others which can

occur as the #ain word in the sub-ect of a clause" the ob-ect of a verb" or the ob-ect of a

preposition.

S189= 2 Biloc niya yung door tapos nagtago sa closetD

S1861! & Oes" ao na#an" its a regretful desire. *ecause yung desire ailangan #ay" ano" ung

#ay desire a tapos yung abila" yung partner #o walang desire" its very regretful $adv phrase)"

regretful $ad-) ang results ase" parang its" youre hitting a bric wall or a dead end street.

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S681 & &ang anilang unang baby sa telebisyon.

S6811 & Nsinugod sa ospital ang #anager ni Muday na si tito Alfi 8orenzo.

S8 & Gaya na#an tayo" -oin na sa saya at ilig ng #o#ent dito saN

S8! & 8ast Manuary 1!" dinalo ang congress sa PUP 7anilaQ

S816 & Sa twitter account asi ni Gristine" ayaw daw #aging alone sa valentines aya

naghahanap siya ng asa#a in %anada habang #ay show siya doonD

S81! & hindi o po ayang #unang i&give up career o

Gung ala# #o yung li#itasyon #o at hindi #o isasaripisyo yung #ga pinagdaanan #ong things

noon $np)

S!811 2 So sandali" parang ibang iba yung career pathing ninyong dalawa.

S!819 & *ut youre gonna regain your sight na#anD :h good. :" sorry ha" ang advantage niya

ase ang ganda ng atawan niya" aya feeling o nagpaa&nice sayo" niluwagan nalang yungsuot.

S!8< & asi sobrang pressure because yung papalitan nioN

S/81/K Oou now titoN

S/86=K 8ets tal first about nagasabay tayo sa airportN

S/86/K Gasi ang Snn yung #ga interviews na inaair 6 wees ago pa yun.

Parang nabobother a na dahil #atagal #o ng gustong sabihin sa ain na nagaalabuan na

and then sinabihan ita +eh bait di #o chinange yung contact profile picture #oD,

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S/8(=K Talagang dun #o pala #aiita ung sinoyung #ga taong totoo sa iyo. Gung sino yung

#ga totoo #ong aibigan at napaalaing factor don ang pa#ilya #o&&&

S/890K &&&sana #aging" #aging #asaya a sa birthday #o" sa lahat ng desisyon #o. >uwag

#ong aali#utan siguro na #ara#ing tao ang nag#a#ahal sa iyo.

All over the corpus are the uses of English nouns" #ost liely because there are no

direct translations for the# in ilipino $e.g factor" contact profile picture C #anager). So#e are

co##only used English words 2 #ore co##only used than their ilipino counterparts $birthday

instead of kaarawan, ending instead of katapusan etc.! ilipinos refusal in using ilipino

counterparts #ay be an indication of choosing the #ore popular ter# fro# a plethora of choices

fro# the le5icon. 3t #ay also be an i#plication of peoples tendency to brand straight ilipino

speaers as +#aata, $old&fashioned C poetic) or +baduy, $one who does not confor# to the latest

trends in society" usually in ter#s of fashion).

.( Ad-ectives

An ad-ective is a word whose #ain role is to #odify a noun or pronoun" giving #ore

infor#ation about the noun or pronouns involved.

S181=! & Ao di ao ready.

S681 & Jeorge and %ecil" #agwawaas na ang naaainlove na wento.

S681 & Ntalagang oay na siya ngayon" getting better na.

S8/ & Ang nandoon" 1000 plus students at #edia practictioners fro# all over

the PhilippinesN

S89 & At all&star cast talagaQ Sina A*S %*B President 7s. %haro Santos $na#es etc.)" plus the

business unit headQ

S!8< & asi sobrang pressure because yung papalitan nio 1 year top rating talaga" #inahal ng

buong #undo si Santino. Balapit tayo ay Mesus %hrist in the person of *ro.

S/89K Pero young dibaD

S/8=K 3 dont want to have any regrets and #alaing factor din na #ara#ing opportunities na

du#arating sa ain ngayon

S/8!0 & Uh#" ung gaano po ao a&private $ad-) na tao" u#" sabi o pa sa anila" lie ina tita"

na wala ayong definitely 2 #ay paguulang a#i sa isat&isa" pero trust #e" hindi po ao

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#agsasalita ng ahit ano against your son. Gasi #ay pinagsa#ahan po a#i at #inahal o rin

na#an po yung ana niyo.

7ore than anything" gusto o#unang #agpasala#at dun sa #ga taong hindi ao iniwan.

S8( & Ang pinaa&e5citing na pagharap ng #ga topics by A*S&%*BN sa #ga tanong ng #ga

studentsN

S81 & Totoo na#an talaga eh" ase wala aong asa#a" pero wala lang" gusto o lang

#ala#an nila na" para updated sila na "N

S/8=! & Sandali ha" oontrahin lang ita ha" lahat na#an tayo pag nag#a#ahal diba whether

you are 16"1"1/"1( or 6 feeling niyo yung pag#a#ahal na iyon is foreverN

S/8!< & Sana hindi #awala. U#. 3# actually very thanful na sobrang 3# very surrounded with

good people andN

3t is apparent that code switching also occurs in the ad-ective present in the sentence or a

clause. This idea is visible in S/8= /3 dont want to have any regrets and #alaing $ad-) factor

din na #ara#ing $ad-) opportunities na du#arating sa ain ngayon, where the speaer code

switched twice in a particular sentence.

Ad-ectives are also used also as translations for unpopular ilipino ad-ectives $lie the

cases in nouns). E5a#ples of this would be 8


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S1861! & Nyung partner #o walang desire" its very regretfulN

S/8!0 & Uh#" ung gaano po ao a&private na tao" u#" sabi o pa sa anila" lie ina tita" na

wala ayong definitely2 #ay paguulang a#i sa isat&isa"N

S18191 2 So #eron" onteng chis#is lang

S!811 2 So" sandali" parang ibang iba yung career pathing $n 2 gerund) ninyong dalawa.

S!8


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the relationship a#ong other words in the sentence. They tend to be #ore co#fortable doing the

act in relating thoughts or words in the sentence.

PART T0&

3. The *uzz Tough Ten uestions

ParticipantsK

;uffa Jutierrez & >ost

;uffa Jutierrez is a ilipino actress" for#er beauty 4ueen" and #odel who won the title of

Binibinin# Pilipinas orldin 199< and was the Second Princess in 7iss Forld 199e has several platinu#

albu#s" as well as awards for his co#positions and perfor#ances.

7artin ;a#on Bievera was born in 7anila" Philippines" on ebruary =" 19!6. >e is the

son of singer *ert Bievera" whose perfor#ing career pro#pted 7artins own 4uest for a #usical

career. Although 7artin grew up in >awaii" he returned to the Philippines to begin his singing

career in 19(6Rhe released his first albu# in Mune of that year.

Pops ernandez 2 >ost

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*orn on 11 7ay 19/(" Mudy Anne 8u#agui Santos or Mudy Ann Santos is one of the #ost

co##ercially successful actors belonging to the A*S&%*B ca#p. Muday" as shes referred by the

entertain#ent industry" received her very first brea as one of the ids in the J7A tear-erer

VGa#ing 7ga Ulila" directed by Argel Moseph in 19(!. >owever" Muday #ade headlines with her

role in the 3*%&1is father death at an early age #eant that *oy had to drop out of school in order

to survive. So" he tried odd -obs to earn a living for hi#self and his fa#ily. Fhen *oy landed a -ob

in the 7etropolitan Theatre as an assistant stage #anager" he also got the opportunity to assist

%onching Sunico" the ad#inistrator of 7etropolitan Theatre. Sunico was ind enough to teach

hi# about public relations. And within two years" *oy had started his own P; co#pany called

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*acroo#" 3nc. >e was also one of the core tea# #e#bers and strength behind Probes early

years.

3t was while Abunda was on a P; consulting assign#ents for J7A Betwor" a networ

e5ecutive in J7A" suggested that Abunda try television. Abunda seriously considered this

suggestion and soon" he beca#e one of the hosts of VStartal" an entertain#ent tal show. 3n

1999" Abunda changed ca#ps and -oined the rival A*S&%*B. As of today" he hosts < showsK The

*uzz" Private %onversations and Gontrobersyal.

Seg#ent 333 2 Analysis

>ere" the hosts do a conversation style of presentation" revealing so#e showbiz news

along the way. Fhat we can notice their easy going" al#ost lie story sharing #anner. Fe can

safely assu#e that these hosts probably spend a lot of ti#e with each other" thus" #aing the#

rela5ed. The short seg#ent did not yield #uch code switching to occur" but at this early point" one

can identify the ind of language Abunda uses. >is ilipino is" in a sense" #uch #ore +dignified,

as he does not shy away fro# +deep, words fro# the language $using e5pressions lie +#ga

aibigan, and +si#ple lang ang la#an ng aing puso, ?considered very old fashioned@).

3L. *uzz E5press

Seg#ent 3L 2 Analysis

*uzz e5press is a seg#ent si#ilar to The >idden Truth" which uses voiced over

state#ents and 4uestions for recorded interviews fro# other celebrities. >owever" the voice&over

talents used here use gay language and onyo English as their #eans of co##unication. Upon

checing the corpus" one will see occurrences lie

8&16 Sa twitter account asi ni Gristine" ayaw daw #aging alone $ad-) sa valentines aya

naghahanap siya ng asa#a in %anada $prep phrase) habang #ay show $n) siya doonD

81< & >ow true ba ito #areng GristineD

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3n the first line" the ad-ective +#aging alone, could easily be changed with #ag&isa. 3n the

second line" +how true," is a 4uestion tag and an e5pression $which sounds 4uite effe#inate)

could be easily translated with +totoo,. The talents also say these code switched phrases and

words with an air of confidence" unlie our previous participants who often code switch because

of various factors lie difficulty or habit. 3t #ay lead to the conclusion that what we have here is

intentional code switching. This #ay tell us that television tries to introduce a language trend

which is considered as cool or +in, 2 #uch lie onyo English.

L. Seg#ent L3 2 Gris A4uinos 3nterview with Agua *enditas 8eading 7en

ParticipantsK

Gris A4uino & >ost

Gris A4uino was born ebruary 1" 19/1" the youngest of the five children of %orazon

and *enigno A4uino" Mr. She earned #ost of her education in the United States during the

fa#ilys e5ile fro# the Philippines" but returned after her father was assassinated in 19(


29/34

Mason Abalos $born Manuary 1" 19(!) is a ilipino actor. >e was also a graduate of

*achelor of Science in %ivil Engineering *atch 600< at Bueva Eci-a University of Science and

Technology.

Abalos is a #e#ber of A*S&%*BIs circle of ho#egrown talents na#ed Star 7agic. >e

was discovered after -oining Star %ircle uest" a reality show in search of new actors.

Abalos" won nu#erous awards" a#ong these" the *est Perfor#ance by 7ale or e#ale"

Adult or %hild" 3ndividual or Ense#ble in 8eading or Supporting ;ole award in the Ooung %ritics

%ircle Annual %itation held at the aculty %enter %onference $Pulungang ;ecto" *ulwagang

;izal) >all of the University of the Philippines 'ili#an" uezon %ity. 'irector Adolf Ali5" Mr.

handled hi# in the indie fil# +Adela", played by Anita 8inda $in the 600( %ine#alaya 3ndependent

il# estival).

The #ost recent award given to hi# was on :ctober 1" 600(" Abalos won the *est Actor

in the 600( Jawad Urian Awards for +Endo.

Seg#ent L3 2 Analysis

This seg#ent was an interview of the leading #en of A*S&%*Bs then upco#ing show"

Agua *endita. The host" A4uino" has no relationships whatsoever with the two guests. *ut"

possibly out of habit" she consistently code switches" especially with ad-uncts" e5pressions and

4uestion tags. Juidicelli code switches" pri#arily because of his 3talian descent" while Abalos

code switched the least.

L3. Seg#ent L33 2 3nterview with Shaina 7agdayao

ParticipantsK >osts *oy Abunda" Gris A4uino C Juest Shaina 7agdayao

Shaina Jarcia 7agdayao was born to Enri4ue and 'eanne 7agdayao on Bove#ber !"

19(9. >er birthplace is uezon %ity" Philippines. At si5" she starred in the series +8yra", and was

discovered soon after by the networ A*S&%*B and won roles in other series. Soon she was cast

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alongside other child stars and her career too off. She is the sister of fa#ous celebrity Lina

7orales $Sharon 7agdayao).

Seg#ent L33 2 Analysis

To deter#ine their relationships with one another" the researchers consulted the corpus

and found 7agdayaos habit of calling Abunda +tito, and A4uino +ate,. Fe could therefore assu#e

that the relationship they have is possibly a friendly one and that they have been together or at

least in the co#pany of each other for a duration of ti#e. Although 7agdayao also ca#e fro# a

well&off bacground" she has li#ited her code switching to the co##on ele#ents lie verbs with

affi5es and e5pressions. Another noticeable feature about her code switching is the way it occurs

when she tries to avoid a 4uestion with respect. Fhile Abunda and A4uino fire self&ad#ittedly

+politically&wrong, 4uestions at her $S/8!!)" she would reply with S/8!/ & Oun nga ho tito" ittaes

two to tango $e5p) or S/8/= & Fell" itis nor#al siguro $con-) na apag nala#an na natapos na

ang isang relasyonR . 3t could be derived fro# this that she was doing it out of respect and trying

to #aintain a dignified stance during the sensitive interview $their topic was about her recently

failed relationship with co&worer Mohn Pratts).

L33. Seg#ent L333 2 The *uzz >idden Truth idden Truth seg#ent" with scripted voice over 4uestions and recorded

interviews. >ere" the relationship of the participants fa#ilial" and focuses on a #other $;ellibo)

and daughters $;. Pe#pengco) differences. There is not #uch code switching done here.

;ellibo" as seen in the interview" probably belongs to the lower class while ;. Pe#pengco"

because of her daughters stellar success" gained status. 7ost of the code switching done in this

seg#ent was by ;. Pe#pengco" but was only li#ited to the use of verbs with affi5es. ;ellibo

barely had one which was +pina&under,. %. Pe#pengco had one line and the code switches she

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practiced were also verbs with affi5es. Sucaldito also had one line which had verbs and affi5es

and a 4uestion tag.

CHAPTER I)

Conclusions and Recommendations

The study ai#ed to give a description on code switching in Philippine Television. The

researchers did this by ac4uiring an episode of A*S&%*Bs Sunday afternoon showbiz tal show

The *uzz" transcribing its dialogue and analyzing the occurrences of code switching within.

The analysis of the corpus has highlighted the following facts and observations about

code switching in Philippine Television in both phrasal and clausal levelsK

The presence of verbs with ilipino affi5es in the phrasal level are the #ost co##on

occurrences of code switching" especially those with ilipino prefi5es or unlapi with the

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verb. Lerbs also beco#e transitory tools for code switching" especially in the phrasal

level of a sentence.

Speaers prefer shorter and #ore popular English ter#s" than their longer" unpopular

and unfa#iliar ilipino counterparts.

Speaing habits could also lead to code switching. :ften" these speaing habits

contribute to code switching" especially with 4uestion tags $e.g. co##only used ter#

+diba,)" e5pressions" and ad-uncts. +%lichs" +#ga asabihan, and other co##on sayings

in either language also contribute to the practice of code switching.

%ode switching does not occur that often in the noun phrase than in the verb phrase of a

sentence.

:ut of all the types of con-unctions" subordinators and coordinators are used the #ost"

especially as code switching transition tools.

%ode switching is effective when one is trying to e#phasize a thought.

3n the clausal level" relative pronoun +na, is used as a transition tool for code switching.

+Ba, introduces a new clause or thought in the sentence. 3t could be interchangeably

used with English counterpart +that,.

So#eti#es" people code switch because there are si#ply no translations for so#e

words. This was evident in nouns lie factorC contact profilepicture a#ong others. 3t was

also evident in ad-ectives.

Adverbs of ti#e co##only suggest code switching pheno#ena" as well as the adverb

+so, used in the beginning of the sentence. >owever" because of this" it beco#es #ore of

an e5pression rather than an adverb.

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Speaers tend to code switch every ti#e they would try to show the relationship a#ong

other words in the sentence. They see# to be #ore co#fortable doing the act in relating

thoughts or words in the sentence.

3n tacling discourse relationships" the researchers have found the followingK

The relationship of one speaer to another can help deter#ine the occurrence of code

switching. 3n the discussion" the fa#ilial relationship $Seg#ent L333) had lesser

occurrences of code switching than seg#ents with platonic relationships $3 C L33).

Socio&econo#ic bacground can deter#ine the presence of code switching. Speaing

habits can also deter#ine this.

The intentional use of code switching could lead to languages lie Gonyo English and

Taglish. 7ost liely" #edia persons intentionally code switch to give off an aura of status

and authority. Unfortunately" their #isuse is seen by viewers as what is right.

%ode switching can also be used to gauge an individuals stance in a conversation. 7ost

liely" a person practices code switching if the situation suddenly changes $e.g. fro# a

serious to an awward situation).

Recommendations

Television and its influence is truly an undeniable force that could #anipulate people

aged 9 to 90. So#eti#es" households cannot control what the younger #e#bers of the fa#ily

watch. The researchers therefore reco##end the followingK

%ontinued supervision as one stays glued on the boob tube. Fhile it #ay be

reco##ended to watch television shows in English" one #ust #onitor if the ind of

English used in the show is educated English.

7ore often than not" English in Philippine Television reinforces Gonyo English or Taglish

rather than the correct English used in professional fields.

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7edia personalities on the other hand" should act as role #odels for their avid fans and

viewers" who beco#e totally clueless about the right path to follow.

3t is highly reco##ended for English to be learned in proper educational environ#ent and

not fro# tal show hosts in Philippine television. Parents should be able to deter#ine

what the right ind of English is #anifested.

The #onitoring should not stop at ho#e but continue at school" where teachers #ust

reinforce learning strategies when dealing with the dyna#ic structure of the English

language.

Documents

Code Switching in Philippine Television