M med chapter_001

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Introduction to Word Parts

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Lesson 1.1

1-2

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1-3

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe four origins of medical terms. Identify and define the four word parts and

combining forms. Analyze and define medical terms. Build medical terms for given definitions.


Understand the Content of Chapter 1 Before Moving on to Chapter 2Understand the Content of Chapter 1 Before Moving on to Chapter 2

Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the text because it is here that you are introduced to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels—and the rules for combining them to build medical terms.

You will use this information in each of the subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define, and spell terms built from word parts.


Medicine Has a Language of Its OwnMedicine Has a Language of Its Own

Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern language


Origins of Medical LanguageOrigins of Medical Language


Clicker QuestionClicker Question

The medical term SARS (severe acute

respiratory syndrome) is an example of a(an)

a) term built from word parts

b) acronym

c) eponym

d) term taken from modern language


Four Word PartsFour Word Parts

1. Word Root: fundamental meaning of a medical term – the core of the word

2. Prefix: attached to beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning

3. Suffix: attached to end of a medical term to modify its meaning

4. Combining Vowel: used to ease pronunciation – usually an “o”


Table 1.1 Guidelines for Using Combining VowelsTable 1.1 Guidelines for Using Combining Vowels


ExamplesExamples

Word Roots: arthr: joint

ven: vein

Prefixes: intra-: within

Suffixes: -itis: inflammation

-ous: pertaining to

Combining vowel: o

hepat: liver

oste: bone

sub-: under

-ic: pertaining to

-pathy: disease



The word part that is the

core of the word is a

a) combining vowel

b) suffix

c) word root

d) prefix


Combining FormCombining Form

Word Root + Combining Vowel

Examples: arthr/o

hepat/o

ven/o

oste/o


Table 1.2 Word Parts and Combining FormTable 1.2 Word Parts and Combining Form


Some Basic RulesSome Basic Rules

All medical terms have at least one word root Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or

combining vowel Combining vowels are used to connect word

roots or word root and suffix When a suffix begins with a vowel, the

combining vowel is usually not used


Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)

When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction

Example: oste/o/arthr/itis Usually medical terms are defined by starting

at the end of the term and going back to the beginning

Example: oste/o/arthr/itis–inflammation

of the bone and joints


Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)Some Basic Rules (cont’d.)

A few terms are more easily and accurately defined by starting at the beginning of the term.

Example: melan/oma

melan = black

-oma = tumor



If vowels are present at the junction of two word

roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term,

a combining vowel is usually

a) still used

b) not used

c) used twice

d) the letter i


Table 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical Terms Built From Words PartsTable 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical Terms Built From Words Parts


Word Parts for PracticeWord Parts for Practice

Word Roots:

(Comb. Forms)

arthr/o: joint

hepat/o: liver

ven/o: vein

osteo: bone

Combining Vowel:

o

Prefixes:

intra-: within

sub-: under

Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ic: pertaining to -ous: pertaining -pathy: disease


Analyze and DefineAnalyze and Define

arthritis intravenous osteitis osteoarthritis subhepatic osteopathy arthropathy hepatitis


Building Medical TermsBuilding Medical Terms

inflammation of a joint pertaining to within a vein inflammation of the bone inflammation of the bone and joint pertaining to under the liver disease of the bone disease of the joint inflammation of the liver


1. Normal knee joint. 2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation.

1. 2.



WR CV S S

arthr/o/path/y CF

WR CV S

arthr/o/pathy CF

P CV S

arthr/o/pathy CF

Which of the following is analyzed correctly?

a) b)

c)


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