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Plagiarism and Intellectual
Property Across Cultures
Joel BlochThe Ohio State University
Daddy, they caught a boy plagiarizing. What did they do?
Pedagogical Problem in the teaching of composition
From childhood until death
Don't Do It!!!
Plagiarism/Intellectual Property
http://library.austincc.edu/gen-info/plagiarism_theft.jpg
The Relationship between Plagiarism, Intellectual Property law and Intercultural Rhetoric
• Plagiarism oldest issues in the study of intercultural rhetoric
• Early on linked to possible variations in how intellectual property is viewed in big culture
• Studies of both affected by social, economic, and historical developments, so inevitably there will be cultural differences
• Provides examples of how the study of intercultural rhetoric can accomadate dynamic views of culture and variations within the culture
Battle of the Metaphors
Remixing and Intercultural Rhetoric• The link between intellectual property and
plagiarism• Textuality• Research on Chinese rhetoric showed ways
on remixing texts that may vary from traditional forms of Western today
• Changes in how remixing texts both in intellectual property law and in controversy over plagiarism (patchwriting)
• What are the rules for remixing
Culture
History
He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine, as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me. That an idea should freely spread from one to another over the globe, for the moral and mutual instruction of man, and the improvement of his condition, seems to have been pecularily and benevolently designed by nature, when she made them, like fire, expansible all over space, without lessening their density… (Koch & Peden, 1944, p. 577).
Development
Solutions
Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
Patchwriting
Plagiarism at Ohio State
Yes, frankly I plagiarized so many time in my former school …Sometimes, I plagiarized by cut and pasted the paper … and sometimes I listed the internet sources or magazines to my research paper …. Moreover, I just turned in somebody's paper to the professor by changing original name to my name….I knew that was not good but I did not realize that it was against academic rule and it was a plagiarism. … I also did not get an education about plagiarism. That is why I did it. And, sometimes when I did not have any idea about the paper or assignment and I did not have an enough time to finish of it, I plagiarized
Students’ Attitudes
Student Attitudes
Ownership of Property
Common Knowledge
Wikipedia
Images
Cultural differences
Citing on the Internet
You were assigned to post something to a class list online. You find an interesting article on the internet and cut and paste it in your posting. Is this considered a violation of academic misconduct?
● No, you are allowed to cut and paste something from the Internet and send it out as long as you don’t charge money for it. (14)
● Yes, cutting and pasting from the Internet is illegal, just like downloading music (70)
● You can cut and paste it, but you have to cite where you found the article. (153)
Wikipedia and common Knowledge
Wikipedia is an on line encyclopedia that anyone can contribute to and other people can edit. Therefore, none of the entries have authors. Do you have to cite a definition from the Wikipedia if you paraphrase it?
●Wikipedia is really just common knowledge so you don’t need to cite it. (147)
●Wikipedia should be cited and paraphrased just like any other source. (51)
●Wikipedia should not be copied word for word but it doesn’t need to be cited. (47)
Turnitin.com Turnitin.com is a web site that OSU has paid for, so
teachers can check student papers for plagiarism. Your teacher tells you must submit your paper to Turnitin.com to have it checked for plagiarism. He tells you that if you do not submit your paper, you will automatically fail the course. What do you think about this?
It is fair since it would catch any student who unfairly cheats. (135)
It is not fair since I own my papers, so the teacher has no right to tell me to submit it to a company that makes money from the program. (68)
It is not fair but I have to do it so I can take this course. (34)
Cultural differences
Do you feel that there are cultural differences in how plagiarism is defined?
In my country plagiarism is treated the same as in the United States. (80)
In my country, no one really cares much about plagiarism.(44)
In my country, plagiarism is considered serious but is not often discussed. (113)
Ownership of Property You published a paper with a friend. Now you want to
hand in the paper to another course on a similar topic. You copy a couple of paragraphs and paste into your new paper. Your professor accuses you of plagiarism. Do you agree with this decision?
– No, when I write a paper, it belongs to me, and I can do whatever I want with it. (68)
– Yes, plagiarizing yourself is the same as plagiarizing someone else, so the punishment is justified. (81)
– No, you can’t plagiarize yourself, so he shouldn’t have been accused, but it may be a violation of the rules of academic misconduct. (89)
Student/Teacher Comparisons
Copying
Punishment
Citations
Intellectual Property
Citing IdeasIn a peer discussion group, you were asked to
discuss your paper with your classmates. before you started writing it. One of the members of your group gave you an interesting idea. Do you need to cite the idea in your paper just as you would cite a quotation from a paper?– Yes, cite your group member’s idea just as you
would cite any other source. (59)– No, you don’t need to cite it since the idea was
never published. (90)– Put a footnote thanking your group member
for the idea (88)
In your course, you are asked to write a research paper. You are new in the field, and much of what you know is from textbooks. This information is called common knowledge. How should you handle this kind of information in your paper?
Cite it the same as it was any other kind of literature (98)
You don’t need to cite it because it is common knowledge and belongs to everyone. (80)
Cite it because it makes for a stronger argument in your paper (59)
Common Knowledge
Punishment?A student was accused of copying a
paragraph from his textbook and including it in a much longer paper. He was sent to the Office of Academic Misconduct. What do you think should be the appropriate penalty?– Since, the student copied without citing, he
should be treated like any other plagiarist. (107)– Since it was only a small amount, he should
only be warned but not given a harsh penalty. (95)
– Since what is in textbooks is usually common knowledge, the student did not commit plagiarism. (36)
Intellectual Property
Can you also plagiarize images as well as texts?
No, plagiarism only refers to copying texts, not anything else. (164)
Yes, if you use an image in a paper, you should cite it just like a text. (49)
Maybe, sometimes images are cited, but sometimes they don’t need to be. (26)
Pedagogical Questions
What attitudes should teachers have towardsstudents who plagiarize. How should instancesof plagiarism be viewed.
How to design courses, assignments, andMaterials for educating students aboutplagiarism and intellectual property.
How can teachers and students what is theappropriate use of intellectual property and whatmay not.
