Ingles basico ii nuevo

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS, EMPRESARIALES Y PEDAGOGICAS

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE CONTABILIDAD

INGLES BASICO II

DOCENTE: ROSA MARCELA CARCASI DE FLOR

MOQUEGUA – PERÚ2011

INTRODUCTION

The second Basic English Module contains two units with six

lessons everyone. Each unit covers around 25 hours. Items or topics

following the learning of vocabulary introduced before. So it is a

review of the words studied before and it will let the students to add

their acknowledgments. With new vocabulary on other specific

grammar points.

This module teachs students to use English for everyday

situations and purposes related to work and social life.

Throughout this module, students have the opportunity to

personalize the language they learn and make use of their own life

experience and world knowledgments each lesson.

It presents grammar communicative, with controlled accuracy

-based activities leading to a fluently language- based

communicative practice.

The autor

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI R.M.C.

SIMPLE PAST TENSEGRAMMAR

RAY NEEDS TO BUY A NEW CAR.Present

PastDoDid

theyneed to lock door?

Present Past

DoesDid

Sue

Yes,They

needneeded

to lock the door.Sue

needsneeded

No,They

don'tdidn't

need to lock the door.sue

doesn'tdidn't

Ask and answer questions.EXAMPLE: forget to lock

S1: Did you forget to lock the door?S2: Yes, I forgot to lock the door. (or)S2: No, I didn't forget to lock the door.

1. need to learn

2. begin to play

3. start to sing

4. want to drive

5. remember to buy

6. forget to sign

1. Spelling: verb + -ed = simple past

play + ed = played

walk + ed = walked

close + d = closed

study + ed = studied

- 1 – Ms. Carcasi


Pronunciation:

GROUP I GROUP II GROUP III

/ d / / t / / Id /

answered asked connected

circled checked ended

cleaned cooked repeated

closed liked selected

learned looked started

listened looked up visited

lived marked wanted

memorized talked

opened walked

played watched

reviewed worked

shaved

spelled

WE STUDIED ENGLISH YESTERDAY.

Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have GROUP I -ed pronunciation.

Example: Mary studies French every day. (last month)

Mary studied French last month.

1. Dan learns new words every day. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

2. Pat listens to the radio in the morning. (yesterday morning)______________________________________________________________

3. Sam opens the window at night. (last night)______________________________________________________________

4. Dick shaves every morning. (yesterday morning)______________________________________________________________

5. Lina memorizes new words every day. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

8. The teacher reviews the old words every day. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

- 2 – Ms. Carcasi


JOHN FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK LAST NIGHT.

Change the sentences to the simple past tense. They have GROUP II -ed pronunciation.

Example: John always finishes his homework. (last night)

John finished his homework last night.

1. Dan always asks questions. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

2. Sometimes, father cooks dinner. (last month)______________________________________________________________

3. The girls walk to school every day. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

4. Ken looks up the new words after class. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

5. Ben always likes baseball games. (last night)______________________________________________________________

6. We always watch that show. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

I REPEATED THE WORDS YESTERDAY.

Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have group III -ed pronunciation.

Example: I repeat the words every day. (yesterday)

I repeated the words yesterday.

1. The movie starts at 8:00 every night. (last night)______________________________________________________________

2. John selects the correct answer in the morning. (yesterday)______________________________________________________________

3. We want to go to the movies today. (day before yesterday)______________________________________________________________

4. Miss Brown corrects our papers at night. (last night)______________________________________________________________

5. I visit my brother on the weekends. (last weekend)______________________________________________________________

6. The test ends at 10:00 a.m. (10:00 a.m. yesterday)

GRAMMARNEGATIVE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

- 3 – Ms. Carcasi


Jack played baseball yesterday.

He did not play tennis.

He didn't play soccer.

YOU DIDN'T ANSWER MY QUESTION.Repeat these sentences with negative simple past tense.

1. Tom didn't clean his room last Saturday.

2. Linda did not cook dinner last night.

3. George didn't play basketball yesterday.

4. They did not like Chicago.

5. He didn't shave this morning.

PRACTICE: Make a negative statement in the simple past tense. Look at the example.

Example: My brother visited Dallas. (Houston)

He didn’t visit Houston

1. Joan played tennis yesterday. (soccer)______________________________________________________________

2. Mary cooked chicken for dinner yesterday. (beef)______________________________________________________________

3. Bob lived in Chicago two years ago. (New York)______________________________________________________________

4. My English class started at 7:15 this morning. (7:30)______________________________________________________________

5. Frank cleaned his car last week. (this week) ______________________________________________________________

6. Rita marked the wrong answer. (right answer)______________________________________________________________

7. Mark visited New York City last month. (Los Angeles)______________________________________________________________

- 4 – Ms. Carcasi


SPEAKING SKILL/a/ / ә /

COP CUP

Repeat and then read the words.

1. cop cup 2. lock luck

3. hob hub 4. tock tuck

5. Don dun 6. bog bug

7. pop pup 8. shot shut

GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST TENSE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

The show started at 8:00 o'clock.

Did the show start at 8:00 o'clock?

Yes, it did.

Yes, the show started at 8:00.

No, it didn't.

No, the show didn't start at 8:00.

YES, HE DID. NO, HE DIDN'T.

Ask and answer questions. Use the simple past tense. Look at the example.

Examples: Ted / work / late / last week

Did Ted work late last week?

No, he didn't.

Bill / like / your new car

Did Bill like your new car?

Yes, he did.

1. Linda / play / baseball / yesterday______________________________________________________________

2. you / visit your brother / last year______________________________________________________________

3. Dave / study / French______________________________________________________________

4. Tony's family / visit / Los Angeles______________________________________________________________

- 5 – Ms. Carcasi


LET'S TALK!Make pairs. Ask and answer questions in turn using the simple past tense with regular

verbs as in the example.

Example: S1: Did you wash your clothes last week?

S2: Yes, I did. Did you play soccer yesterday?

S1: No, I didn't. Did you ...

VERBS

Begin / began drive / drove know / knew sleep / slept

bring / brought eat / ate leave / left speak / spoke

buy / bought fly / flew put / put stand / stood

choose/ chose get up / got up read / read swim / swam

come /came go / went say / said take / took

do / did have / had see / saw write / wrote

drink / drank hear / heard sit / sat

Who brought this book? When did you bring the book?

What time did you go? How many books did you buy?

VOCABULARY

begin

bring

report

salute

smoke

false

gold

naval

silver

true

with

break

butt can

accounting student

cigarette

I.D. card

identification

name tag

pack

rank

razor

Uniform

- 6 – Ms. Carcasi


GRAMMARSIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS

SIMPLE PRESENT: We drive to work every day.

SIMPLE PAST: We drove to work yesterday.

SIMPLE PRESENT: He drives to work every day.

SIMPLE PAST: He drove to work yesterday.

IRREGULAR VERBSRepeat these irregular verbs.

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

begin began drive drove

drink drank speak spoke

sit sat choose chose

swim swam eat ate

come came take took

get up got up stand stood

know knew see saw

write wrote give gave

PETER SWAM YESTERDAY

1. Peter swam after class yesterday.

2. He drove to his barracks and took a shower.

3. He began his homework at 2000 hours last night.

4. He got up and drank a glass of water at 2100.

5. He sat down and wrote sentences.

6. He knew all the answers to the questions.

7. He stood up and talked outside.

8. Peter came to my barracks at 2200.

9. He saw the fruit on the table.

10. He chose a banana and ate it.

11. We spoke for thirty minutes.

12. He went home at 2235.

- 7 – Ms. Carcasi


HE DROVE TO CLASS YESTERDAY.Change these sentences to the past tense. Look at the example.

Example: He drives to class every day. (yesterday)

He drove to class yesterday.

1. We swim every day. (yesterday)____________________________________________________________

2. I get up at six every morning. (yesterday morning)____________________________________________________________

3. We drink tea in the morning. (last night)____________________________________________________________

4. He takes a shower at night. (yesterday morning)____________________________________________________________

5. They eat lunch in the mess hall every day. (yesterday)____________________________________________________________

6. She drives to the store on Saturdays. (last Saturday)____________________________________________________________

7. He chooses Killing cigarettes to smoke every day. (yesterday)____________________________________________________________

8. I write a letter to my family every day. (two days ago)____________________________________________________________

- 8 – Ms. Carcasi


JOE ATE A PEAR.Change these negative sentences to affirmative.

Look at the example.

Example: John didn't eat a banana. (pear)

He ate a pear.

1 Lt Campos didn't speak to Mary. (to Linda)

____________________________________________________________

2. Jackie didn't sit down at the table. (desk)

____________________________________________________________

3. George didn't stand on the table. (chair)

____________________________________________________________

4. I didn't know the time of the show. (name)

____________________________________________________________

5. The students didn't come late to class. (on time)

____________________________________________________________

6. Capt Jones didn't begin his class on time. (late)

____________________________________________________________

7. 1 didn't see the movie last night. (Henry's pictures)

IRREGULAR VERBSRepeat these irregular verbs.

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

hear heard buy bought

say said bring brought

have had put put

do did read read

leave left fly flew

sleep slept go went

JIM SAID, “COME TO MY ROOM”Repeat these sentences, and then read them.

1. Last night, Jim said, "Come to my room".

2. He had pictures from his country.

3. We did our homework.

4. I left his room at 10:00.

5. Jim slept all night long.

6. Last week, Jim bought a book about pilots.

7. He brought it to class.

- 9 – Ms. Carcasi


8. He put it on my desk.

9. We read it alter class.

10. The name of the book was "The pilots flew again".

11. We went to our barracks at 1600 hours.

THEY FLEW TO EUROPE.Write the past tense form of the verb on the line. Then read the sentences.

1. (fly) Mr. & Mrs. Smith ______________ to Europe last month.

2. (read) Sammy ______________ twenty books last car.

3. (put) Jan _____________________ her book on her desk.

4. (bring) Ron _____________________ hamburgers for the children.

5. (buy) They _______________ a new ball.

6. (say) The students ________________, "Good morning".

7. (leave) John ________________ an hour ago.

8. (do) The students ________________ their homework.

9. (hear) We ______________________ the tapes last night.

10. (have) Henry _________________________ a truck.

I GET UP EARLY EVERY DAY.

DID YOU GET UP EARLY YESTERDAY, TOO?

Write the past tense questions. Use "too" in your questions. Look at the example.

Example: My mother took the bus yesterday. (this morning)

Did your mother take the bus this morning, too?

1. I got up early this morning. (last Saturday)

____________________________________________________________

2. I wrote to my brother. (your sister)

____________________________________________________________

3. I heard the children outside. (inside)

____________________________________________________________

4. I ate a hamburger for lunch last week. (yesterday)

____________________________________________________________

5. I brought my new cap yesterday. (this morning)

____________________________________________________________

6. I swam last week. (last Monday)

____________________________________________________________

- 10 – Ms. Carcasi


IREGULAR VERBS

The following list contains the most useful irregular verbs. They have been grouped by "families" of pronunciation to facilitate their learning.

INFINITIVE PAST P. PARTICIPLE MEANINGbegin began begun empezardrink drank drunk beber ring rang rung sonarrun ran run corrersing sang sung cantarsink sank sunk undir (se) spring sprang sprung saltar swim swam swam nadar

break broke broken quebrar, romperchoose chose chosen escogerfreeze froze frozen congelarsteal stole stolen robar speak spoke spoken hablarwakeweave

wokewove

wokenwoven

despertar(se)tejer/

cling clung clung adherirsehang hung hung colgarspin spun spun girarstick stuck stuck hincarstrikesting

struke struke golpearpicarstung stung

swing swung swung balancearwin won won ganarwring wrung wrung retorcer

bear bore borne soportarswear swore sworn jurarwear wore worn usar (ropa)

bleed bled bled sangrarbreed bred bred procrearcreep crept crept arrastrarsedeal dealt dealt tratardream dreamt dreamt soñarfeed fed fed alimentarfeel felt felt sentirkeep kept kept mantenerkneel knelt knelt arrodillarselead led led conducerleap leapt leapt saltarleave left left abandonarmean meant meant significarmeet met met reunirseread read read leersleept slept slept dormirsmell smelt smell olerspeed sped sped acelerarsweep swept swept barrer

draw drew drawn dibujar



overdraw overdrew overdrawn estirarwithdraw withdrew withdrawn retirarblow blew blown soplarknowthrow

knewthrew

knownthrown

conocerlanzar

fly flew flown volar

bring brought brought traerbuy bought bought comprarfight fought fought pelearseek sought sought buscarthink thought thought pensarcatch caught caught atraparteach taught taught enseñar

drive drove driven conducirride rode ridden montar(a) vise (a) rose (a) risen elevarstrive strove striven esforzarsewrite wrote written escribir

betlet

betlet

betlet

apostarpermitir

set set set alistaroffset offset offset repetirspread spread spread esparcirburst burst burst explotarcast cast cast arrojarbroadcast broadcast broadcast emitircost cost cost valercut cut cut cortarshut shut shut cerrarthrust thrust thrust empujarhit hit hit golpearrid rid rid zafar (se)split split split dividirhurt hurt hurt herir (se)put put put poner

bend bent bent doblarfind found found encontrargrindwind

groundwound

groundwound

triturardar vueltas

sell sold sold vendertell told told decir

bite bit bitten morderhide hid hidden esconder

shake shook shaken sacudirtake took taken llevarmistake mistook mistaken errarforbid forbade forbidden prohibirforgive forgave forgiven perdonargive gave given darsitspitbeat

satspatbeat

satspatbeaten

sentarseescupirlatir



builtburncomebecomeovercomedoeatfallforgetgetgoundergohaveheareverhear

holdlaylearnlielightlosemakepaysayseeshootslidespillstandunderstand

builtburncamebecameovercomedidatefellforgotgotwentunderwenthadheardaverheard

heldlaidlearntlaylitlostmadepaidsaidsawshotslidspiltstoodunderstood

builtburncomebecomeovercomedoneeatenfallenforgottengottengoneundergonehadheardoverheard

heldlaidlearntlainlitlostmadepaidsaidseenshotslidspiltstoodunderstood

construirquemarvenirllegar a servencerhacercomercaerolvidarobtenerirsobrellevartenerescucharoir de casualidad

sostenerponeraprenderyaceralumbrarperderhacerpagardecirverdisparardeslizarderramarestar de piecomprender

WHICH BOOK DID YOU WANT?

WhichDid you want?

Which book

Ask questions with "which" and then answer them. Look at the examples.

Examples:

/ like

S1: Which car did you like?

S2: I liked the blue car.

/ wear

S1: Which shoes did you wear to the dance?

S2: I wore my brown shoes.



1. / study ____________________________________ ?

____________________________________

2. / like ____________________________________ ?

____________________________________

3. / hurt ____________________________________ ?

____________________________________

4. / bring ____________________________________ ?

____________________________________

5. / is ____________________________________ ?

____________________________________

6. / wear ____________________________________ ?

____________________________________

LET'S TALK!Make pairs and ask and answer the following questions. Then tell the class what your

classmate said.

Which Peruvian dish do you like?

Which city do you like the most?

Which TV program did you watch last night?

GRAMMAR

WHICH ONE?Mrs. King: Which book are you reading?

Sgt King: I'm reading the new one. The one I bought on Sunday.

Mrs. King: Is that the one about the military?

Sgt King: Yes, that's the one.

I DON'T LIKE THE PURPLE ONES.Clerk: Here are the ties you wanted to see.

Henry: Thank you.



Clerk: Which ones do you like?

Henry: I like the yellow one and the blue one. I don't like the purple ones.

IS THIS THE ONE?Ask and answer questions with "one". Look at the examples.

Examples: S1: Which is your pencil?

S2: The blue one.

S1: Is this the one?

S2: No, my pencil is the long one.

S1: This one?

S2: Yes, that's the one.

HE DOESN'T WANT A BLUE ONE.Read and replace some words using one(s). Look at the example.

Example: "I don't want a blue shirt. I want a white shirt, said John. One

one

John went to the store yesterday. He wanted to buy a shirt. A clerk helped him.

The clerk said, “May 1 help you?”

John said. “Yes, I want to buy a white shirt”.

“This week, our blue shirts cost $8.99,” the clerk said.

“I don't want a blue shirt. I want a white shirt,” said John.

“Our yellow shirts are $7.99, and the gray shirts over here are $ 7.50. the clerk said.

Then John said, "Ma’am, I don't want a blue shirt. I don't want a yellow shirt. I want a white

shirt!

“We don't have white shirts this week,” the clerk said.

John left the store. He was mad.

LET'S TALK! How much do you know about our history?

Make pairs to ask the following questions in turns and write the answers in the blanks.

Then check the answers with the rest of the class.

1. When did Francisco Pizarro found Lima?

________________________________________________________

2. Was Moquegua city founded?

________________________________________________________

3. When did the battle of Ayacucho take place?

________________________________________________________

4. When did Jose de San Martin declare our independence?



________________________________________________________

5. When did the combat of Angamos occur?

________________________________________________________

6. When did Ramon Castilla declare the abolition of the slavery in Peru?

________________________________________________________

GRAMMARTHERE IS / THERE ARE

There + be is used to say that something exists.

There is a book on your desk.

There are three pens under the table.

There + is = there's

There + are = there 're

Is there a map on the wall? Yes, there is.

No, there isn't.

Are there desks in the classroom? Yes, there are.

No, there aren't.

IS THERE CHALK IN THE CLASSROOM?

Read these sentences.

1. There are ten desks in the classroom.

2. There's a chalkboard, too.

3. There are books on the desks.

4. Are there students in the classroom?

Yes, there are.

5. Is there a teacher in the classroom?

Yes, there is.

6. Are there cars in the classroom?

No, there aren't.

7. There was a good show on TV last night.

8. There wasn't a good game on TV last night.

9. There were two good movies on TV on Saturday.

WHAT IS THERE IN THE CLASSROOM?



Look around the classroom and make sentences using "there is" or "there are". Look at

the examples.

Examples: calendar. There is a calendar in the classroom.

books There are books in the classroom.

1. __________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________

9. __________________________________________________

10. __________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

I HAVE A LOT OF MONEY.

a lot of / lots of / some

a few

desks, pencils, students, teachers,

tables, chairs, books, stores, clothes,

dollars, apples, etc.

a little

salt, sugar, soup, shampoo,

toothpaste, butter, soap, orange

juice, milk, water, rice, money,

fruit, meat, etc.

Read the words in the box, then repeat the sentences.

1. I have some pencils. 2. There's some shampoo.

I have a few pencils. There's a little shampoo.



3. There are a lot of pencils. 4. There's a lot of shampoo.

There are lots of pencils. There's lots of shampoo.

DO YOU WANT A LITTLE OR A LOT OF WATER?

Ask and answer questions using "a little or a lot of" or "a few or a lot of'. Look at the

examples.

Examples: want / rice

S1: Do you want a little or a lot of rice?

S2: I want a little rice.

have / books

S1: Do you have a few or a lot of books`

S2: I have a few books.

1. drink / milk _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

2. see /desks _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

3. eat / soup _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

4. have / money _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

5. want / sugar _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________



SOMETING ANYTHING NOTHING

Something and nothing are used in affirmative statements.

Examples: Let’s order something for dessert.

There’s nothing in this suitcase.

Something and anything are used in questions.

Examples: would you like something to drink?

Did the teacher say anything about the quiz?

Anything is used in negative statements.

Example: I didn’t eat anything for breakfast.

DO YOU WANT ANYTHING?

Read these sentences.

1. Does your friend want something?

No, he doesn’t want anything.

2. I want something for desert.

Would you like some ice cream?

3. Would you like to buy something?

Yes, I need a pen.

4. I heard something. Did you hear anything?

No, I didn’t.

5. Did you buy anything?

Yes, I bought something.

6. I saw something?

I didn’t see anything.

7. Can you think of something?

Yes, I’ll think of something.



8. Did you buy anything?

No, nothing. I didn’t buy anything.

VOCABULARY

DO YOU WANT SOMETHING TO DRINK?

Ask and answer question like the examples. Use anything, something, or nothing.

Examples: buy

Did you buy anything? Yes, I bought something.

Learn

Did you learn something? No, I didn’t learn anything.

No, I learned nothing.

1. Want__________________________________________ ?Yes, _______________________________________

2. get___________________________________________No, ________________________________________

3. hear___________________________________________Yes, _______________________________________

4. do___________________________________________No, ________________________________________

5. see___________________________________________Yes, _______________________________________

6. order___________________________________________No, _______________________________________

7. say___________________________________________Yes, _______________________________________



VOCABULARY

SOMETHING ELSE, ANYTHING ELSE, NOTHING ELSERead the sentences.

1. Jim studied all weekend. He didn’t do anything else.

2. I don’t like coffee. Is there anything else to drink?

3. John’s blue suit was dirty. He had to wear something else.

4. I saw that movie last week. Can we see something else?

5. There’s only one desk in the room. There’s nothing else.

SPEAKING SKILL

ANYTHING ELSE?Repeat the dialog. Then recite one of them.

Waiter: Do you want anything else, sir?

Mr. Bean: No, nothing else. Thank you.

Waite: Do you want something else, ma’am?

Mrs. Bean: Yes, please bring me a glass of water.

Waiter: And you? Do you need anything else?

Miss Bean: No, thank you, I don’t want anything else.

MANY / MUCH

Many is used with nouns you can count.

It means “a lot of”.

He has many books.

Do they have many children?

We didn't see many pilots there.

Much is used with nouns you cannot count.

It also means "a lot of'. It is used in negative sentences and questions.

Ted has a lot of money.

He didn't drink much coffee.

Did he have much work last week?



THEY HAVE MANY CHILDREN. THEY DON´T HAVE MUCH

MONEY.1. She has many shoes.

2. He doesn't have many clothes.

3. Do they have many children?

4. They can't play many sports.

5. Ted doesn't have much time.

6. The bottle doesn't have much milk in it.

7. Will you have much homework this weekend?

8. Did Jane have much money in her pocket?

9. Liz drinks a lot of water every day.

WE DON´T HAVE MUCH HOMEWORK

Answer the questions with "No" and negative complete answers. Use "much" in your

answer.

Examples: Do you have a lot of work right now?

No, I don't have much work right now.

Did you have much work last year?

No, I didn't have much work last year.

Is there a lot of sugar in the tea?

No, there isn't much sugar in the tea.

1. Is there a lot of shampoo in the bottle?

2. Did she put much pepper in the soup?

3. Do you have lots of money in your pocket?

4. Is there much salt in the soup?

5. Is there a lot of fruit on the table?

6. Did she put much buffer on the bread?

7. Did she drink a lot of juice this morning?

8. Will she eat much food tomorrow?

9. Did the barber put lots of soap on his face?

BAIT BETRead the words.

1. bet bet 2. late let 3. rake wreck 4. pain pen



5. fade fed 6. age edge 7. gate get 8. Abe ebb

GRAMMAR:

HOW MANY ... ? HOW MUCH ...?

How many is used with nouns you can count.

QUESTIONS ANSWER

How many

How many

children

books

do you have?

did he buy?

Five. I have five children.

Two. He bought two books.

How much is used with nouns you cannot count

QUESTIONS ANSWER

How much

How much

tea

sugar

do you drink

every day?

Did she buy?

Three cups. I drink three cups

of tea a day.

Five pounds. She bought five

pounds of sugar.

HOW MUCH DID YOU FAT?

Write questions with "how much" or "how many" and the underlined words. Then read

questions and answers.

Examples: A: How much coffee did you drink?

B: Three cups. I drank three cups of coffee.

A: How many children does, he have?

B: Two. He has two children.

1. A: ________________________________________?

B: Four. We had four pieces of pie.

2. A: ________________________________________?

B: Not much. She doesn't have much money.

3. A: ________________________________________?

B: Five pounds. I got five pounds of meat.

4. A: ________________________________________?

B: Ten. There are ten students in the classroom.

5. A: ________________________________________?



B: Three dozen. I made three dozer cookies.

6. A: ________________________________________?

B: One brother and two sisters. He has one brother and two sisters.

7. A: ________________________________________?

B: A dozen. There's a dozen oranges in the box.

8. A:

B: Two bowls. He cooked two bowls of rice.

Now write questions beginning "how much" or "how many — for these answers.

1. one fifth. __________________________________________

2. 11%. __________________________________________

3. 2,000 million. __________________________________________

4. 35,000. __________________________________________

5. about 40 liters. __________________________________________

6. about 10,000 __________________________________________

Choose the correct word.

1. How much / many people are there in your family?

2. How much / many children are there in your school?

3. How much / many Cheese do you want on your spaghetti?

4. How much / many potato chips are there in the bag?

5. How much / many water does your dog, drink’

6. How much / many milk is there in the fridge?

7. How much / many apples do you have in your refrigerator?

8. How much / many fruit do you eat?.

9. How much / many time do you have?

10. How much / many times a day do you brush your teeth?

GRAMMAR:

PREPOSITIONS

ESTUDIO DE LAS PREPOSICIONES A-B

a) ABOUT sobre, alrededor de, acerca de, por

Puede tener distintos significados dependiendo de su función en la frase (lugar, tiempo o

circunstancia)



This is a book about the universe / Es un libro sobre el universo

There are some papers spread about the room / Hay papeles esparcidos por la

habitación

b) ABOVE por encima de, sobre

Se usa en general para expresar superioridad.

He flew aboye the mountains / Volaba por encima de las montañas

La Paz is 3600 meters aboye the sea level / La Paz está a 3600 metros sobre el nivel del

mar.

c) ACROSS a través de, al otro lado de

Se usa para indicar la ubicación relativa en un lugar.

She lives across the street / Ella vive al otro lado de la calle

d) AFTER detrás de, después de

Puede indicar tiempo o lugar.

She left after lunch. / Se marchó después de comer.

e) AGAINST contra

Indica lugar o circunstancia

Put the table against the wall. Pon la mesa contra la pared.

I have nothing against him. No tengo nada en contra de él.

f) ALONG a lo largo de

The ship sails along the coastline / El barco navega a lo largo de la costa

g) AMONG entre (Varios)

Indica lugar o circunstancia

A house among the trees / Una casa entre los árboles

I was among the last to leave / Estaba entre los últimos en marcharse.

h) AROUND alrededor (le

Puede indicar tiempo, lugar o circunstancia.



We were sitting around the table / Estábamos sentados alrededor de la mesa

Around seven o’clock / Alrededor de las siete

i) AT en

a) Ubicación en lugares:

He is a London now / Está en Londres ahora

b) El momento exacto en que ocurre una determinada acción:

She was there at five o'clock / Ella estaba allí a las cinco

c) El precio:

At what price is this car sold? / ¿A que precio se vende este coche?

d) El estado de una persona o de un animal

She is quite at ease / Se encuentra a gusto.

Diferencia entre “at”, “in”, y “on”

'At' refiere la posición en un punto determinado, mientras que 'in' implica la posición

dentro de algo y ‘on’ sobre algo.

At the bus-stop In the filing Cabinet On te armchair

Cuando hace referencia al tiempo, 'at' se emplea para horas o momentos determinados,

mientras que 'in' refiere meses, años o estaciones y 'on' días de la semana y fechas.

At seven o'clock / A las siete en punto

At Christmas / En navidades

In July / En julio

In 2001 / En el año 2001

In summer / En verano

On Saturday / El sábado

On August, 24th / El 24 de agosto

j) BEFORE delante de, ante

Puede indicar tiempo, lugar o circunstancia

He arrived before me / Llegó antes que yo

Turn lefT just before the theatre / Gire a la izquierda justo antes del teatro.



k) BEHIND detrás de


I put it behind the painting / Lo puse detrás del cuadro

He's the man behind the scheme / Él es el hombre que está tras el proyecto

l) BELOW por debajo de

Below sea level / Bajo el nivel del mar

Diferencia entre 'belosw' y 'under' (ambos significan 'por debajo de')

‘Below’ implica un nivel inferior al que se hace referencia, con el que no existe

contiguidad, mientras que 'under` implica una cierta inmediatez, una proximidad

mayor.

Below sea level Under the covers

Debajo del nivel del mar Debajo de las mantas

m) BESIDE junto a

Puede indicar lugar o circunstancia

Sit beside your classmate / Siéntate junto a tu compañero de clase

n) BETWEEN entre (entre dos)


To drive between Madrid and Barcelona / Conducir entre Madrid y Barcelona

Between seven o'clock and eight o'clock / Entre las siete y las ocho

ñ) BEYOND más allá de


Beyond the horizon / Más allá del horizonte

He lives beyond his means / Vive por encima de sus posibilidades

o) BY junto a, al lado de

Se usa para expresar:

Vecindad:



Come and sit by me / Ven a sentarte junto a mí

Medio o instrumento:

I went to Mexico by air / Fui a Mexico en avión

Medida

The room measures 10 metres by 6 / La, habitación mide 10 metros por 6

Movimiento

We went to Poland by land / Fuimos a Polonia por tierra

El complemento de agente en la voz pasiva:

The bridge was designed by Calatrava / El puente fue diseñado por Calatrava.

La expresión española "a cierta hora"

I was back by six / estuve de regreso por las seis

Juramentos

I sesear by almighty God to tell the truth / Juro por Dios decir la verdad

EXERCISES

Elige la preposición adecuada para cada frase.

1. He arrived below / among / before me.

2. The house is between / among /about two pines

3. The temperature crept up to just by /above / between 35 degrees.

4. I stood by the tree, looking above / about /around.

5. The feast was served by / across / behind his mother

6. behind / after / beyond breakfast, John ordered the local taxi to the airport

7. They walked about / at / among the trees in Central Park.

8. I’m going to take the train in / on / at half past three.

9. The sun had already sunk below / at / across the horizon.

10. She lives in the house below / at / across the road

PREPOSICIONES C-O

a) DESPITE (in spite of) a pesar de - Indica circunstancia

Despite what she says / A pesar de lo que ella dice

b) DOWN abajo



Esta preposición se usa para expresar movimiento de arriba hacia abajo

Come down from that threel / ¡Baja de ese árbol!

c) DURING (durante) Indica tiempo.

During the summer / Durante el verano

Diferencia entre 'during' y 'for'

Se usa 'during' para referirse al tiempo o al momento en que se desarrolla una acción y

contesta a la pregunta When ... ?

I began to feel ill during the concert / Me empecé a encontrar mal durante el

concierto.

'For' se utiliza cuando se especifica la duración de la acción y contesta a la pregunta

How long...?

Yesterday it rained for two hours / Ayer llovió durante dos horas.

d) FOR para, hacia (lugar), durante (tiempo), por (circunstancia)

Esta preposición puede adoptar distintos sentidos o significados dependiendo de su

contexto específico (lugar, tiempo o circunstancia) Se usa para expresar:

Movimiento hacia un lugar

Shee will soon start for France /Pronto saldrá hacia Francia.

Causa

For the following reasons... / Por las siguientes razones...

Fin

To pray for peace / Rezar por la paz

Duración (el término español 'desde hace')

I haven't seen him for five days / No lo veo desde hace cinco días

Sustitución

She is writing a letter for me / Ella escribe una carta por mí (en mi lugar)

Diferencia entre 'for' y 'since'

Cuando 'for' se traduce por "desde hace" se puede confundir con 'since', "desde".

Ambas preposiciones se usan para expresar el tiempo que ha durado la acción del



verbo, pero 'for' expresa la duración de la acción y 'since' el comienzo de la misma.

I've been living in London for two months / Vivo en Londres desde hace dos meses.

I've been living in London since February / Vivo en Londres desde febrero.

NOTA. Observa el uso en ambos casos del pretérito perfecto y nunca del presente.

e) FROM de, desde

Indica lugar, tiempo o circunstancia. Se usa para expresar:

Procedencia, origen

I'm from Spain / Soy español

Separación

Take the scissors from the child / Quítale las tijeras al niño

Causa

He did it from spite / Lo hizo por despecho

Relación de tiempo

I study from morning till night / Estudio desde la mañana hasta la noche

From 20 July / Desde el 20 de julio

f) IN en, dentro de Puede indicar tiempo o circunstancia. Se usa para expresar:

Situación (en ciudades, regiones, naciones, continentes, etc.)

We live in Valencia / Vivimos en Valencia

Períodos de tiempo, como meses, años, estaciones.

In the year 2001 / En el año 2001

In winter / En invierno

You arrived in Madrid in september / Llegaste a Madrid en Septiembre

La construcción adverbial española "dentro de", en expresiones de tiempo:.

The see you in a week's time / Te veré dentro de una semana.

g) INSIDE interior, dentro de

The inside of the box / El interior de la caja

h) INTO en




I went into the bedroom / Entré en la habitación

A journey into the unknown / Un viaje hacia lo desconocido

The car ran into a wall / El coche chocó con un muro.

Diferencia entre 'in' e 'into'

'In' significa 'en' (dentro) generalmente en posición estática (no implica movimiento)

'into' (en) implica movimiento.

He was in the room He went finto the room

Él estaba en la habitación Él entró en la habitación

i) LIKE como

Se usa en comparaciones y ejemplos.

You think like my mother / Piensas como mi madre

I want a skirt like that / Quiero una falda como esa

j) NEAR cerca de

Puede indicar lugar, tiempo o circunstancia

Is there a police station near here? / ¿Hay una comisaría por aquí cerca?

Near midday / Cerca del mediodía

k) OF de

Made of steel / Hecho de acero

East of London / Al este de Londres

NOTA.- Es diferente of, el genitivo sajón (posesivo) El Bar de Pedro = Peter's Bar ( y

no The bar of Peter)

He is proud of her daughter / Está orgulloso de su hija

l) OFF de, fuera de, sale de Indica lugar o circunstancia

She fell of the ladder / Se cayó de la escalera

A street off the main place / Una calle que sale de la plaza principal

m) ON, (equivalente a UPON, que es menos usual) sobre, encima de, el (fechas)



Puede indicar lugar, tiempo o circunstancia. Se usa para expresar:

Contacto directo (un objeto descansa sobre otro).

My hat is on the table / Mi sombrero está sobre la mesa

Un día (como fecha)

We will see you on Saturday / Te veremos el sábado.

Causa, fin

I'm here on business / Estoy aquí por negocios

Argumento, tema

To lecture on Shakespeare / Dar clases sobre Shakespeare

Posición

Tisis room looks out on Sesame, Street / Esta habitación da a la calle Sesamo

n) OUTSIDE fuera de

Indica lugar

Outside the prison walls / Fuera de los muros de la prisión

ñ) OVER sobre, por encima de


Contacto indirecto (un objeto a cierta distancia por encima del otro).

We flew over New York / Volamos sobre Nueva York

Contacto total (un objeto sobre otro cubriéndolo).

Put a cloth over the table / Pon un mantel sobre la mesa

De un lado a otro

A bridge over the River Kwai / Un puente sobre el Río Kwai

Durante, mientras

We'll discuss it over dinner / Lo discutiremos durante la cena

Con números, edades, dinero y tiempo

He's over 30 / Tiene más de 30 años

EXERCISES

Elige la preposición correcta para cada frase.

1. He cried like / of / despite a child.

2. His house is for / down / of the hill



3. The picture is on /outside/ in the wall.

4. The Everest is the highest mountain on /of /in the world.

5. Hurricanes are common for /durinq/ in the Caribbean summer.

6. He's French. He's of /for /from France.

7. Cuba is over/ into/ near Florida.

8. I can see the sky on/ outside/ over our heads.

9. inside /despite/ into a thorough investigation, no trace of Osama Bin London has been

found.

10 The aim for/ of / in this course is to help students.

ESTUDIO DE LAS PREPOSICIONES DE LA P – Z

a) PAST por delante de, más allá de


She walked past the bank / Pasó por delante del banco

It's ten past five / Son las cinco y diez

b) ROUND alrededor de


We were sitting round (around) the table / Estábamos sentados alrededor de la mesa

Round (about) five o'clock / Alrededor de las cinco

c) SINCE desde

Indica un período de tiempo cuyo comienzo está bien determínalo.

I have not seen him since January / No /o he visto desde enero

d) TILL (UNTIL) hasta

Indica tiempo

I shall be here until tomorrow / Estaré aquí hasta mañana

I shall be here till tomorrow

Diferencia entre 'till' y 'until': 'till' es más informal y no suele aparecer al comienzo

de una frase



e) TO a, hacia, hasta (tiempo)


Movimiento hacia un lugar.

Let's go to the cinema! / ¡Vámonos al cine!

Se omite normalmente delante de la palabra home (casa, en el sentido de hogar

propio):

She came home at eight / Ella llegó a casa a las ocho

A excepción de cuando va precedida de un adjetivo posesivo o si se usa con un

genitivo sajón, en cuyo caso es obligatoria.

We went to Peter's home / Fuimos a casa de Peter

We went to his home / Fuimos a su casa

El complemento indirecto

He gave it to John / Se lo dió a John

Comparación

I prefer walking to driving / Prefiero caminar a conducir

Proporción, relación

One goal to nil / Un gol a cero

Tiempo

A quarter to eight / Las ocho menos cuarto

NOTA.- TO se emplea también para formar el infinitivo de los verbos.

f) TOWARDS hacia

Puede indicar lugar, tiempo o circunstancia.

She went towards the door / Fue hacia la puerta

Towards the end of the film / Hacia el final de la película

g) UNDER debajo de, bajo


Under the chair / Debajo de la silla

Children under six / Menores de seis años



h) UP en lo alto de

Indica lugar o movimiento hacia arriba. Tiene el significado contrario a la preposición

'down'

Up the mountain / En lo alto de la montaña

She went up the ladder / Subió por la escalera

i) WITH con

Indica circunstancia. Se usa para expresar.-

El complemento de compañía.

With you / Contigo

El complemento de medio o instrumento.

Cut it with a knife / Córtalo con un cuchillo

A causa de

To tremble with fear / Temblar de miedo

Con descripciones

A girl with blond hair / Una chica rubia

EXERCISES

Elige la preposición adecuada para cada frase.

1. We went through /to /till a party at the leisure centre.

2. The post office is just round /since /to the corner.

3. They found a labyrinth of tunnels up/under /with the pyramid.

4. It's the first on the right since /till /past the museum.

5. Cut the cheese with/ towards/ through a knife.

6. I have been here since/ until /towards five o'clock.

7. Where would you rather be? past/ until /up a mountain or under /until /up the ocean?.

8. He could see the island through /to/ towards the mist.

9. I won't be there to/ since/ till Monday.

10. We're saving money. We're looking through /towards /past the future.



EXERCISES

Place and position

at in on between

The woman is …… the door.

The child is …… the house.

The bird is …… the roof.

The bicycle is …… the house and the tree.

over above below under inside outside

The picture is …… .. the fireplace.

The picture is …… .. the fireplace.

The fireplace is …… .. the picture.

The fireplace is …… .. the picture.

It is warm …… .. the house.

It is cold …… .. the house.



by near behind ahead of besideagainst in front of

The dog sits …… .. the chair. The bill is …… .. the house.

The boy is …… .. the chair. The girl is in …… .. …… ..

The tree is …… .. the house. the house.

The bicycle leans …… ..the tree The truck is …… ..the bus

Direction and motion

in to out of into toward from

The woman is …… .. the house.

The child goes …… .. the house.

The man goes …… .. the car.

The car points …… .. the corner.

The girl gets …… .. the car.

The boy walks …… .. the car …… .. the house.



across through up beyond over down

The school is …… .. the street.

The next house is …… .. the hill.

We walk …… .. the field.

Birds fly …… .. the house.

Children are running …… .. the hill.

The roan is walking …… .. the hill.

GRAMMAR:

ADJETIVOS INTERROGATIVOS

Los adjetivos interrogativos son:

1. What, ¿qué?, ¿cuál(es)?. Se utiliza WHAT cuando la pregunta es por

información específica sobre la que se quiere conocer algo en particular.

What time is it? / ¿Qué hora es?

What's his telephone number? / ¿Cuál es su número de teléfono?

2. Which?, ¿cuál(es)? Se usa WHICH en preguntas en las cuales hay dos o más

posibles respuestas o alternativas.

Which road should I take? / ¿Qué carretera debo tomar?

Do you know which one is your? / ¿Sabes cuál es el tuyo?

WHICH hace referencia a uno o más elementos de un grupo limitado, mientras que

WHAT se utiliza cuando el grupo es más amplio. Para preguntar por la naturaleza de

una persona o cosa se utiliza usualmente what kind of? o what sort of?

What kind of books do you prefer? / ¿Qué clase de libros prefieres?



What sort of woman is she? / ¿Qué clase de mujer es?

3. Whose? de quién?. Se utiliza generalmente en preguntas sobre personas o cosas

que guardan alguna posible asociación entre sí.

Whose house is that? / ¿De quién es esa casa?

4. How much?, ¿cuánto?. Se utiliza con sustantivos "no contables”

How much wine shall I buy? / ¿Cuánto vino compro?

5. How many?, ¿cuántos?. Se utiliza con sustantivos "contables"

How many bottles of wine shall I buy? / ¿Cuántas botellas de vino compro?

NOTA: Todos ellos son invariables en género y número

EXERCISES

I. Pon el adjetivo interrogativo que corresponda

_________ time is it? (What)

_________ road should I take? (Which)

_________ much wine shall I buy? (How)

_________ house is that? (Whose)

II. Completa con el adjetivo interrogativo correcto.

l._________ book is this? "It's mine".

2. _________ is your favourite car?

3. _________ trousers are these?

4. _________ is your nationality?

5. _________ ationality are you, English or Irish?

6. _________ kind of music do you prefer?

7. _________ fast is your car?

8. There's tea and coffee, __________ would you like?

9. _________ old is he?

10. _________ shirt are you going to wear, the Brown or the black?



HOW MUCH …?

do the shoes cost?

How much are the shoes?

are they?

does the shirt cost?

How much is the shirt?

is it?

did the shoes cost?

How much were the shoes

were they?

did the shirt cost?

How much was the shirt?

was it?



HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?

Repeat and then read the questions and answers.

1. How much is the blue shirt?

It's $15.00.

2. How much does the suit cost?

It costs $250.00.

3. How much did your new car cost?

It cost $15,000.00.

4. How much was it?

It was $2.95.

5. How much did your black pants cost?

They cost $ 8.00.

6. How much were they?

They were $51.99

LET’S TALK! (How much do you know about prices?)

Make groups of two or three students each. Ask questions to one another about prices of

different items and give the answers.

Example: S1: How much is a can of milk?

S2: It's S/ 2. How much is a kg of meat?

S3: It's S/ 12. How much ...



Look at the pictures. Ask and answer questions using how much. Look at the examples.

Examples S1 : How much do the shoes cost?

S2 : They cost $35.

S2 How much is the hat?

S1 It's $15.00.

VOCABULARY

HE RECORDS MUSIC

1. Pam likes music.

She always takes her tape recorder

and headset to listen to music. She

likes to put on her headphones.

2. Sometimes her sister records music with her

recorder.

ANN AND HARRY LIKE TO DANCE1. dance

Harry and Ann dance every weekend.

They went to a dance last night.

2. store

He bought a tie at the store.

This is a clothing store.

3. clerk

Sue works in that store.

She's a clerk. I asked that clerk to help me.

4. help

Sue helped Harry in the store.

Help your brother with his homework.



5. sell / sold

They sell good clothes at that store.

I sold my old car.

6. take / took

I’m taking my books to my dormitory.

They took their coats to school.

7. headphones / headset

Harry always puts on his headphones.

His mother doesn't like to hear his music.

She bought Harry his headset.

HE WENT TO THE STORE AND BOUGHT A SHIRT.Harry dances every Friday. Last Friday, he wanted to wear his new pants. On Thursday, Harry

went to the store and bought a new shirt. A clerk helped Harry. He said, "May I help you?

"Yes, "Harry said. "I want to buy a shirt".

"What color?," the clerk asked.

" I want a white and blue shirt," Harry said.

"Here you are," the clerk said. He brought six white and blue shirts.

Harry chose one shirt and said, "I like this one. How much is it?”

"It's $19.89," the clerk said.

"Good. I want this shirt"

The clerk sold Harry the shirt. Harry wore his new pants and his new shirt to the dance.



Read the statements. Circle T for true statements. Circle F for false statements.

1. Harry likes to dance. T F

2. Harry bought new pants last Thursday. T F

3. Harry helped the clerk. T F

4. He asked the clerk, "How much is it?” T F

5. Harry sold the shirt. T F

6. The shirt cost $9.98 T F



UNIT IIBE IN THE PAST SIMPLE

A. The past Simple of be is like this:

Singular

Positive Negative Question

1 was

You were,

He/she/it was

I was not (wasn't)

You were not(weren't)

He/she/it was not (wasn't)

Was I....?

Were you ...

Was he/she/it ...?

Plural

We were

You were

They were

We were not (weren't)

You weren't not (weren't)

They were not (weren't)

Were we ...?

Were you ...?

Were they...?

We usually use the short forms (wasn't/weren’t) when we are speaking or writing a friendly

letter:

She wasn't at the dance yesterday, so her boyfriend wasn't happy.

B. We use was and were to talk about the past:I was a student from 1986 to 1991. Kyoto was the capital of Japan.(not now)

It was very hot last August. They were at club until midnight.

C. We use there was.../there were ... to talk about something in the past:There was a panty in the school last Saturday.

There were steam trains in England in 1950.



We use there was with a singular noun: There was a football match in the car

park last week.

with an uncountable noun: There was some* bread in the cupboard

yesterday.

We use there were with a plural noun: There were two hundred people at the

wedding.

D. Questions and short answers are like this:Was there a football match yesterday?

Yes, there was. Or No, there wasn't.

Were there any* good programmes on TV last week?

Yes, there were. Or No, there weren't.

EXERCISES

1. Look at the conversation from The History Quiz, a TV show, and underline

all the past forms of be.

"Are you ready? Now, Miss Jones; this is your first question. Who was William

Shakespeare?"

"Was he a famous general?"

"No, he wasn't a general, he was a dramatist. Bad luck! Now, Mr. Smith, here's your

question. Who was Napoleon7

"Was he a famous footballer?"

"No, he wasn't a footballer, he was a general. Now, Miss Jones, who was Leonardo da

Vinci?"

2. Now continuo the conversation in exercise 1 and fill the gaps. Use one word

for each gap.

"(1) was (2) he a famous actor?".

"No, (3) (4) a famous actor, (5) (6) an artist.

Now, Mr. Smith, who (7)

Romulus and Remus?.

“(8)………………………….. (9)………………….. circus clowns?

"No, they(10) ……………………….. clowns, they (11) ………………… the founders of

Rome. Well, Miss Jones and Mr. Smith, you have zero points. I’m sorry.



3. Your friend was at a party last weekend at the house of a millionaire. Use

items from the list to make sentences.

delicious luxurious heart-shaped by Picasso old and ugly

interesting young and beautiful full of roses very expensive

very polite famous antique

a. The millionaire was old and ugly . b. The millionaire’s wife ……………….

c. The other guests …………………….. d. The servants ………………………….

e. The house ……………………………. f. The swimming pool ………………….

g. The furniture ……………………….. h. The paintings ………………………..

i. The gardens ………………………….. j. The food ………………………………

k. The wine ……………………………. l The conversation ……………………..

4. Here are some items from the news. For each news item, write a sentences

with There was or There were or There is or There are.

a. A car accident (yesterday) There was a car accident.

b. A plane crash (yesterday) ………………………………..

c. A party at the White House (this evening, now) ………………………………..

d. An earthquake on Pacific island (yesterday) ………………………………..

e. No economic problems in Peru (last month) ………………………………..

f. Two bomb explosions (last night) ………………………………..

g. A music festival in Hyde Park (today, now) ………………………………..

h. A meeting between the Presidents of the USA ………………………………..

and Russia (last week).

i. An important football match at Wembley (today, now). ………………………………..

j. No rain in Chiclayo (last month) ………………………………..

k. A royal wedding (last month) ………………………………..

1. Three firework displays in London (tonight, now) ………………………………..



5. Look at these pictures of Bob and Sue and complete the sentences below.

Here are some useful words:

babies dark energetic friendly generous happy

healthy pretty smooth thin very intelligent

1962 now

1. Bob and Sue are old now but then they were young.

2. Bob and Sue are sad now but then ………………………………..

3. Sue is fat now but then ………………………………..

4. They are often ill now but then ………………………………..

5. Their skin is wrinkled ( = with lines ) now but then it ………………………………..

6. They are often angry now but then ………………………………..

7. Their hair is grey now but then it ………………………………..

8. They are often tired now but then ………………………………..

9. Sue is forgetful now but then ………………………………..

10. Bob and Sue are rich now but then ………………………………..

11. They are mean ( = not generous ) now but then ………………………………..

12. Their children are adults now but then ………………………………..

13. Sue is ugly now but then ………………………………..

6. Look at this. As you read, put was or were or wasn’t or weren’t in the gaps.

Jim and Barbara: We were at the zoo yesterday.

Sarah: Was it good?

Jim: No, it was terrible. There (1) weren’t any lions.

Barbara: And there(2) …………………… any tigers,

Jim: There (3)…………….. any kangaroos.

Barbara: And there(4) …………….. any elephants.

Sarah: (5) …………….. there any snakes?

Barbara: Yes, there(6) …………….. one. It was only five centimeters long.

Jim: There (7) …………….. a monkey but he was very old and fat.



Barbara: And there(8) …………….. a camel with only one eye.

Jim: There (9) …………….. two crocodiles with no teeth.

Barbara: And there(10) …………….. a parrot with no feathers.

Jim: There(11) …………….. any penguins.

Barbara: And there(12) …………….. enough food for the animals.

Jim: There(13) …………….. only one zoo keeper. He was old and folish.

7. Now make questions about the zoo. Give short answers.

1. Lions ? Were there any lions at. the zoo? No, there weren't

2. Crocodiles? ……………………………………………………...

3. Parrots? ……………………………………………………...

4. Largo snakes? ……………………………………………………...

5. Enough food the animals? ……………………………………………………...

6. A young zoo keeper? ……………………………………………………...

OPEN EXERCISES

8. Where were you last weekend? Look at this table:

Place Friday Saturday Sunday

BeachDisco

ShoppingCentre

RestaurantCinema

Zoo

2 p.m. - 5 p.m.9 a.m. - 11 a.m.11 a.m. - 2 p.m.

Write more times (e.g. 5 p.m. - 8 p.m.) in the empty spaces in the table. Then write the

story of your weekend. Use was and were.

For example: Last Friday, the weather was fine. I was at the shops from nine o’clock to eleven

o’clock. From eleven o’clock to two o’clock, I was at restaurant. The food was

delicious but the waiters weren’t very polite.

9. Invent similar questions about the places below. Do you remember the

questions about the zoo in exercise 7 ?

a. The beach: Were there any lifeguards at the beach?

b. The museum

c. The circus

d. The disco

e. The park

f. The hotel



PAST PROGRESSIVE

GRAMMAR:

ANNE WAS STUDYING IN THE LIBRARY

The past progressive is used to show that an action took

place over period of time.

I

Mark

Mark and Al

Was studying

Was studying

Were studying

Last night

What were you doing last night?

I was studying in the library.

I WAS THINKING ABOUT MY VACATION

Read your part and learn it well enough to say it without looking at your book

Jan: Why were you smiling a minute ago?

Tom: I was thinking.

Jan: What were you thinking about?

Tom: My vacation next week.



Rita: What were you doing last night?

Jane: I was studying at the library.

Rita: What were you studying?

Jane: French. I was reviewing for today’s test.

Steve: I don’t understand this exercise.

Larry: Were you listening to the teacher?

Steve: No. What was he saving?

Larry: He was explaining this exercise.

SUBSTITUTION DRILL

Oral cue

Oral response

Individual

1. Jane was watching a movie night. (TV)

2. Studying math

3. Mark an Al

4. this morning

5. playing soccer

6. baseball

7. I

8. Yesterday

9. washing the car

10. My brother and I.

WHO WAS READING A BOOK LAST NIGTH?Your instructor will read a sentence and then give you a word or phrase to substitute. Make a

new sentence with that word or phrase. Look at the pattern.

PATTERN: I: Helen was reading a book last night

I: Jane

S1: Jane was reading a book last night.

I: watching a movie

S2: Jane was watching a movie last night.



WHAT WAS LAURA DOING YESTERDAY?

SHE WAS WAITING FOR THE BUS

Ask and answer the question about the pictures. Remember to use the past progressive.

EXAMPLE:

What was Laura doing at 6:30?

She was eating breakfast.

1. Where was Laura standing at 7:00?

(She was standing at the bus stop.)

2. Who was Laura talking to at 9:00?

(She was talking to a student.)

1. When was Laura running?

(She was running at noon.)

2. What was Laura buying at 4:30?

(She was talking to a student.)



1. When was Laura cooking dinner?

(She was cooking dinner at 4:30.)

2. Who was Laura talking to at 8:00?

(She was talking to her mother at 8:00.)

INDIRECT QUESTIONS – NOUNS IN INDIRECT

SPEECH

Noun clauses in indirect speech

It is often necessary to represent an idea, question, or statement as having been thought of,

asked, or pronounced by someone else. We do this in the form of indirect speech, and the

original utterance, usually somewhat changed, is presented in the form of a noun clause:

Original utterance: “I am glad to be here.”

A report of this utterance: He says (that) he is glad to be here. The connecting word that in

clauses of this type may be omitted, and usually is, in informal English.

As a rule, the tense of reported speech is affected by, the tense of the main verb in the

sentence. Using the same original utterance as above, but putting the report of it in the past

tense, we have this form.

He said (that) he was glad to be here.

The speaker has choice in the tense of the verb in the clause. If he wants to stress that the

action of the main verb and that of the verb in the clause are contemporary, he makes them

agree. Or he may use the present tense in the clause to suggest that the information contained

there is still true or is still of interest.

The settlers learned that the land in the valley was fertile. (Present condition of the land

in the valley is of no interest at the moment.)

The settlers learned that the turkey is an elusive bird. (It was and still is elusive.)



Indirect questions

When questions are reported in an indirect way (not using the actual words of the person who

originally said them), the following rules apply.

Yes-no questions. In indirect speech, yes-no questions (which have no question word in direct

speech) are introduced by if or whether, and the subject and verb are in their ordinary

statement word order.

Original question: Is John coming to the party?

Indirect question: Do you know if John is coming to the Party?

Do you know whether John is coming to the party?

Find out if John is coming to the party.

If the main verb is past tense, then the verb in the indirect question is almost always past tense,

too:

Is he here?

They asked if he was here.

Question-word questions. These questions retain the sane question word they would have in

their original form, and in addition, subject and verb are in statement word order, as in yes-no

questions.

Why does he call you every day?

I don't know why he calls you every day.

Why does he go to New York?

I wonder why he went to New York.

Many other changes are required in indirect questions, to make the pronouns, as well as the

tense of the verb, correct.

When are you coming back from Europe?

I asked him when he was coming back from Europe.

He asked me when I was coming back from Europe.

Which do you prefer?

I don’t know which he prefers.

He didn’t tell me which he preferred.

He wanted to know which I preferred.

EXERCISES



Question words. Make questions to which these sentences are the answers. Use the question

word suggested by the italicized word in the answer.

Example: He went to school.

Where did he go?

1. John likes ice cream.

2. Bob answered the question.

3. The letter came yesterday.

4. Helen found some eggs in the barn.

5. Mr. Simms put his keys in the drawer.

6. I saw Carla at the dance.

7. Mrs. Douglas is writing a letter.

8. The weather was sunny.

9. Dave broke the stick with his hands.

10. We met them a long time ago.

11. Rita was holding a kitten.

12. The movie was terrible.

13. This book is Howard’s.

14. Al is outside.

15. He took the history book.

16. This is Jerry’s.

17. He came in because it was raining.

18. She spells her name with two f’s.

19. Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

20. The rear door was damaged.



SIMPLE PAST TENSEREVIEW

EXERCISE I VERB FORMS IN QUESTIONSChange these sentences to question as in the example:

Example: a) Lima is the capital of Peru.

Is Lima the capital of Peru?

1. Most Peruvians like to dance.

………………………………………………………………………

2. The teacher is listening to the students now.

………………………………………………………………………

3. Rodolfo said he didn't miss a class last trimester.

………………………………………………………………………

4. I'm usually in a hurry in the morning.

………………………………………………………………………

5. The students are changing these sentences to questions.

………………………………………………………………………

6. Mr. Karlberg had to stay in the hospital for a long time last year.

………………………………………………………………………

7. There's going to be a parade tomorrow.

………………………………………………………………………

8. José and his sister try to practice their English every day.

………………………………………………………………………

9. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are giving a lot of parties these days.

………………………………………………………………………

10. Some of these students were in my class last trimester.

………………………………………………………………………

11. The Figueroas are going to spend their next vacation in Michigan.

………………………………………………………………………

12. All of my brothers and sisters can type.

………………………………………………………………………

13. The students in the next room are making a lot of noise.

………………………………………………………………………

14. Steve Gibson learned to fly in the army.

………………………………………………………………………

15. I’m going to try to go to bed early tonight.

………………………………………………………………………



16. Louise’s uncle wants her to be a nurse.

………………………………………………………………………

17. Ralph and Shirley got married in Canada.

………………………………………………………………………

18. Miss Alarcón asked me to lend her my camera.

………………………………………………………………………

19. I never leave my English book at the Institute.

………………………………………………………………………

20. There's a lot of coffee in Brazil.

………………………………………………………………………

21. Mr. Baker told me his first name was Bruce.

………………………………………………………………………

22. The teacher forgot to call the roll last time.

………………………………………………………………………

23. I know the brother of the girl in the 6th seas in the 2nd row.

………………………………………………………………………

24. There were a lot of now words and expressions in Course 4.

………………………………………………………………………

EXERCISE II QUESTIONS WITH INTERROGATIVE WORDS

Form questions as in these examples.

Example: a) I had to go to work at 7:15 yesterday morning. (WHAT TIME)

WHAT TIME did you have to go to work yesterday morning?

b) The Cuevas brothers got sick last night because they ate a lot at Javier's

party. (WHY)

WHY did the Cuevas brothers get sick last night?

1. Alan is studying engineering in England. (WHERE)

………………………………………………………………………

2. My brother likes Lucky Strikes. (WHAT KIND OF)

………………………………………………………………………

3. Graciela Muñoz is going to be old enough to study here next year. (WHEN)

………………………………………………………………………

4. The students aren’t looking at their books because they're closed. (WHY)

………………………………………………………………………

5. Susan told me to call her up at 8:30 tonight. (WHAT TIME)

………………………………………………………………………

6 Six students were late for class today. (HOW MANY)

………………………………………………………………………



7. Mrs. Nelson wants her husband to fix the radio. (WHAT)

………………………………………………………………………

8. Those papers on the cable are mine. (WHOSE)

………………………………………………………………………

9. One of my students helped me translate some letters the other day. (WHO)

………………………………………………………………………

10. There's a map in this classroom because we often have to look at one. (WHY)

………………………………………………………………………

11. Paul has to take 8 subjects at the university this year. (HOW MANY)

………………………………………………………………………

12. My last trip to the United States cost me ninety five hundred soles, (HOW MUCH)

………………………………………………………………………

13. Some of the students in the back of the room aren't paying attention. (WHO)

………………………………………………………………………

14. I didn’t get home until 11:45 last night. (WHAT TIME)

………………………………………………………………………

15. The circus was in town for 6 weeks last summer. (HOW LONG)

………………………………………………………………………

16. It takes 3 or 4 years to get a certificate from the Institute. (HOW LONG)

………………………………………………………………………

17. My little nephew is learning how to say the multiplication cables. (WHAT)

………………………………………………………………………

EXCECISE III GENERAL QUESTIONSAnswer these questions with complete, logical sentences.

1. Does your father have to get up early every morning?

………………………………………………………………………

2. Weren’t you born in Lima?

………………………………………………………………………

3. Are most of your relatives living in Peru?

………………………………………………………………………

4. Brussels isn’t the capital of Franco, is it?

………………………………………………………………………

5. Who sold you your English book?

………………………………………………………………………

6. Can your parents speak English?

………………………………………………………………………

7. Did all the students in your class get good grades on the final exam last trimester?

………………………………………………………………………



8. They aren't charging very much for shoeshines now, are they?

………………………………………………………………………

9. Do you ever get mad at people?

………………………………………………………………………

10. How much did your last pair of shoes cost you?

………………………………………………………………………

11. Who does your boss usually have lunch with?

………………………………………………………………………

12. Is your cousin still studying at the Institute?

………………………………………………………………………

13. Did your boss advise you to study English?

………………………………………………………………………

14. When is Mr. Islas going to let you copy his notes?

………………………………………………………………………

15. What kind of cigarettes does your father smoke?

………………………………………………………………………

16. How long were you in Course 4?

………………………………………………………………………

17. Can I borrow your pen for a minute?

………………………………………………………………………

18. Did all the students come to class today?

………………………………………………………………………

19. What are they going to charge for the tickets to the concert next Saturday?

………………………………………………………………………

20. What's the capital of Colombia?

………………………………………………………………………

21. Why did your teacher tell you not to miss class this trimester?

………………………………………………………………………

22. Do you ever stay out late on Sunday night?

………………………………………………………………………

23 Are the Kleins still paying for their house?

………………………………………………………………………

24. Mr. and Mrs. Lara stayed overnight in Cuzco on their last trip to Arequipa didn't they?

………………………………………………………………………

25. It only cakes about an hour and a hall to fly from Ayacucho to Lima doesn't it?

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

26. How long ago were you in secundaria?

………………………………………………………………………



27. What two languages do they speak in Canada?

………………………………………………………………………

28. How old did Socorro say she was?

………………………………………………………………………

29. Does it cost very much to study at the Catholic University?

………………………………………………………………………

30. Did you get sleepy right after supper last night?

………………………………………………………………………

31. Shall I repeat the last question for you?

………………………………………………………………………

32. You're answering questions now, aren't you?

………………………………………………………………………

33. Did you forget to bring your notebook to class today?

………………………………………………………………………

34. Is Caracas in South America or in Central America?

………………………………………………………………………

35. Were there many holidays last month?

………………………………………………………………………



CONTENTS

UNIT I

LESSON 1

1. Simple Past Tense: Affirmative, interrogative and negative form................................01

2. Regular, Irregular Verbs................................................................................................ 11

3. There is / there are......................................................................................................... 16

LESSON 2

4. Indefinite adjective: A lot of, little, few........................................................................17

5. Prepositions: Over, above, below, under, inside, outside, by, near...............................24

LESSON 3

6. Adverbial questions words, with ordinary verbs: Why, whom, what, whose, which,

what kind of, how much................................................................................................ 38

UNIT II

LESSON 4

7. “TO BE” verbs past was were.......................................................................................45

8. Past progressive tense, affirmative, interrogative and negative form............................50

LESSON 5

9. Indirect Questions, Nouns in indirect speech ...............................................................53

LESSON 6

10. Simple past tense: Affirmative, interrogative and negative form..................................56



BIBLIOGRAFIA:

1. F. Bond. : Dictionary of the Chicago

University.

2. Jack C. Richards : Changes

3. Jay Maurer, Irene Schoenberg : True Colors

4. English Teaching Division Information : Center Service: Sounding.

5. Raymond Murphy : Basic Grammar in use

6. Collier Macmillan International, Inc : Practical English Grammar

7. Defense Language Institute Center : Book 9, Book 6, Book 4


Education

Ingles basico ii nuevo