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The presentation made during the INDEST Workshop & SIS 2008 Conference held at IIM Indore during 4-6 Dec 08.
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Digital Divide: An Indian Scenario
Dr. H.S. CHOPRAPh.D. (His); Ph.D. (Lib & Inf. Sc.)
Head, Guru Nanak Dev University Library,Amritsar (Punjab), India
Divides among Society a perennial problem since Pre History Period
Divide was there among the Oriental civilisations
Divides among Society during:
Pastoral SocietyAgrarian SocietyIndustrial SocietyInformation SocietyKnowledge Society
Emergence of “Digital Divide in India”
because of Telecommunication
and Information Technology
Invaders and India
(i) Invaders from Central Asia, Persia, Greece, Britain, France, Portugal etc.
(ii) Alexander the Great, Scythians, Huns, Sakas, Ghaznavides, Khiljis, Lodhis, Pathans, Mughals, Nadir Shah, Abdalis
(iii) India gets freedom in 1947 AD
Why Digital Divide ?
(i) Over Population : More than One Billion
(ii) 26% Population living below poverty line
(iii) 35% population illiterate
(iv) 72% live in Rural Areas
India
Villages : 5,93,643.
Villages : 3,64,482 (Population below 1000)
SC & ST : 24.40% (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes)
Urban-Rural DivideLiteracy Divide:
Illiteracy is higher in villagesLiteracy Rate1951 = 18.33%1971 = 34.45%2001 = 65.38%2005 = 64.84%
Expenditure on Education
1951 – 1956 : 1512 Million Rupees
1997 – 2002 : 220960 Million Rupees
2002– 2007 : 438250 Million Rupees
Educational Scenario Schools (Millions)
Public Private Convent Government
Colleges (18,000)
Post G. Colleges D. Colleges Engg. Colleges
Universities (400)
Technical Academic Medical Agriculture Deemed Private
Urban Scene
(i) Educational Institutions(ii) Best Education & Qualified Teachers(iii) Engg. Colleges, Internet Cafes, Personal
Computers(iv) Availability of Electricity, Cable Network(v) Newspapers facility(vi) Best Job Opportunities (vii)Financially Sound Middle Class
RuralScheduled Castes/Scheduled TribesLabour Class: Land labourers, carpenters, blacksmiths, potters, fishermen, menial workersProblem of food, shelter and clothesUnder-debt farmers: rising suicides, role of middle manPopulation increase, illiteracy, lack of latest knowledge
Computer Professionals
USA 75,000 per year India 3,50,000 per year
China 4,50,000 per year
Daily News Paper
per 1000
TelevisionsPer 100
Personal ComputersPer 1000
Internet Users
Per 1000
Schools Connecte
d to InternetPer 100
India 60 37 12 32 -
U.S.A 196 97 749 630 99
Japan 566 99 542 587 99
World Development Indicators
Broad Band
Subscribers
Per 1000
International
Bandwidth bits per capita
Application secure internet Servers
per million
Price Basket
for Internet
$ Per month
ICT Expenditure
GDP %
Per Capita
$
India 0.6 11 1 8.7 3.8 24
U.S.A 129.0 3,305 783 14.9 9.0 3,595
Japan 145.8 1,038 257 21.1 7.6 2,732
World Divide in Research Publications in Science and Technology (2001) based on World Development Report 2006
Research Articles
Rank in the World
India 11,076 12
U.S.A 2,00,870 1
Japan 57,420 2
China 20,978 6
Tackling Digital DivideComputer Education at School Level
(Computer Science Subject + Trained Computer Teachers in Schools)Use of EdusatLarge number of computer professional coursesJob opportunities about 90 Lakh
Rural Areas:(i) Simputer ii) WLL Technology(iii) Small Kiosks iv) Books on CDs
N-Logue Tenet (Chennai)INFOTHELAe_chaupal (ITC)C-DoT, VOICESIIT’s Contribution
Role of Various Educational Institutions
(i) Inflibnet(UGC) : e-journals, databases of books (80 Lac)
(ii) National Mission for Manuscripts : digitization (50 Lakh)
(iii) Role of NIC, NISCAIR, NASSDOC, NISSAT,ICHR, INDEST, DELNET, Vidya Nidhi, National Archives of India
Future : Bright and Hopeful
1. Largest Network of Education in India2. Sixth Nation which has gone outer in
space3. Third country to send satellite on Moon4. 10th Industrialised Nation in World5. Book Production/Book Trade No. 1 in Asia6. Research Articles in Science &
Technology position in world (12)7. Computer Professionals Second in World
Thanks
