2. CyberspaceThe term cyberspace was first used by the
cyberpunk science fiction author William Gibson.
3. "Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by
billions of operators, in every nation, by children being taught
mathematical concepts... A graphical representation of data
abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.
Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of
the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights,
receding..." William Gibson, Neuromancer, 1984.
4. What is Cyberspace? Cyberspace represents the new medium of
communication. The experience of time, distance, people, travel,
shopping and information you encounter while in the world of the
Internet. The only physical activity needed in cyberspace is using
a keyboard and mouse.
5. Cyberculture ...the study of various social phenomena
associated with the Internet and other new forms of network
communication. Examples of what falls under cyberculture studies
are online communities, online multi- player gaming, the issue of
online identity, the sociology and the ethnography of email usage,
cell phone usage in various communities; the issues of gender and
ethnicity in Internet usage; and so on. Lev Manovich (2002)
6. Cyberculture Bells definition: cyberculture is a way of
thinking about how people and digital technologies interact, how we
live together ways of life in cyberspace, or ways of life shaped by
cyberspace, where cyberspace is a matrix of embedded practices and
representations Paul Taylor describes everyday interactions with
cyberculture as living in the gap.
7. Where do we find cyberculture? Online chat or messaging
(SMS, e-mail, Msn, etc) Social networks (Facebook, Twitter, etc)
Discussion forums Peer to peer networks (Limewire, torrent
networks) Gaming networks (Xbox Live, etc)
8. What is cyberspace ?
9. Digital Divide The term digital divide refers to any
inequalities between people who have access to digital technology
such as computers, Internet, mobile phones, etc. and those who have
very limited access or no access at all or the divide between those
who use technology and those who do not.
10. Old and New Digital Divide Old digital divide - divide
between those who have access to technology and those who do not.
(circumstance) New digital divide divide between those who use
technology and those who do not. (choice)
11. World Internet Usage and PopulationStatisticsWorld region
Internet Internet Penetration Growth users (2000) users (2010) (%
(20002010) population) (%)Africa 4,514,400 110,931, 700 10.9
2,357.3Asia 114,304,000 825,094,396 21.5 621.8Europe 105,096,093
475,069,448 58.4 352.0Middle East 3,284,800 63,240,946 29.8
1,825.3North 108,096,800 266,224,500 77.4 146.3AmericaLatin
18,068,919 204,689,836 34.5 1,032.8America/CaribbeanOceania/
7,620,480 21,263,990 61.3 179.0Australia
12. Key Factors Income: The average Bangladeshi would have to
spend more than eight years income to buy a computer, compared with
just one months salary for the average American. Cost of
connection: Monthly Internet access charges are percent of the
average monthly income: the US 1,2 percent, Bhutan 80 percent and
Nepal 278 percent. Education: Globally, 30 percent of Internet
users have a degree from an institution of higher education.
Gender: Women account for 25 percent of users in Brazil, and 4
percent in Arab states. Age: Most users in China and the United
Kingdom are under the age of 30. Language: English is used in
almost 80 percent of websites, yet less than one in ten people in
the world speaks the language.
13. Example:The Digital Divide
14. Internet Access as a HumanRight In several countries,
including Estonia, France, Spain, Finland, and Greece, Internet
access is already a human right.
15. The Leland Initiative The Leland Initiative is a program of
USAID (United States Agency for International Development) to
improve internet connectivity in Africa. The information revolution
offers Africa a dramatic opportunity to leapfrog into the future,
breaking out of the decades of stagnation or decline. (World
Bank,1995)
16. Africa (1995) Only1000 Internet users outside of South
Africa existed. Only 6 out of 53 African nations had access to the
Internet (including South Africa, Namibia, Ghana, Uganda, and
Zambia).
17. The Leland Initiative The Leland Initiative achieved its
greatest success in Mali, and limited success in Benin, Guinea,
Eritrea, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique,
Rwanda, Senegal, and Uganda. The Leland Initiative was not
successful in Gambia, Mauritania and Nigeria.
18. People to people power of net:Kiva Kiva is a non-profit
micro-finance organization. Kiva was founded in October 2005 by
Matthew and Jessica Flannery, a husband and wife team. According to
Walker with a few clicks you can help someone on the other side of
the world and play a part in solving the problems of global
inequality which so often seem insurmountable.
19. www.kiva.org
20. The question is Can the Internet help to create a more
equal world?
21. Digital Natives Digital Natives are people who have grown
up in the digital world using technology as a way to communicate,
and understand society.
22. Digital Immigrants People who were not born into the
digital world but have, at some later point in their lives, become
fascinated by and adopted many or most aspects of the new
technology. (Prensky, 2001)
23. The question isShould these digital natives learn the old
ways or should their digital immigtant educators learn the
new?
24. Cyberspace & The Digital Divideby Deniz Cengiz
25. References: 1.Does the Internet Empower? A look at the
Internet and nternational Development by Deborah L. Wheeler 2.The
dimensions of the Digital Divide by Lisa Servon 3.Cybercultures:
Critical Concepts Media and Cultural Studies by Daniel Bell 4.What
is Cyberspace? Submitted By Waseem Saeed 5.The global digital
divide as impeded access to content by Mira Burri 6.Digital Divide
Article by Gknur Ege 7.The New Digital Divide by by Toni Gzehoviak,
Kasia Grabowska, Dan, McPhillips, Sheila Cody 8.Economy, Politics
& Culture in Cyberspace by zgr Ukan 9.Trapped in the Digital
Divide: The Distributive Paradigm in Community Informatics By
Virginia E. Eubanks (DIGITAL DIVIDE DRAWS)State University of New
York at Albany (SUNY), USA
