Compound and Complex

sentences in English.

SULLY RODRIGUEZ YENNY CADENA

Clasification of sentences in English

SIMPLE SENTENCE

Also called an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. Contains a SUBJECT, PREDICATE, and

EXPRESSES a COMPLETE THOUGHT.

Some students like to study in the mornings. Algunos estudiantes les gusta estudiar en

las mañanas.

Mi hermano juega fútbol cada tarde.

A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two clauses or complete ideas that are related. These two clauses are usually connected in a compound sentence by a conjunction.

For instance:

Batman is a hero. He is successful in catching the criminals in his city.

Batman es un héroe. Él tiene éxito en la captura de los delincuentes en su ciudad.

Batman is a hero, and he is successful in catching the criminals in his city.

Batman es un héroe, y él tiene éxito en la captura de los

delincuentes en su ciudad.

Rabbits make good pets, for they don’t make too much noise and they are clean.Los conejos son buenas mascotas, ya que ellos no hacen demasiado ruido y son limpios.

You could cry like a baby, or you can clean your room like an adult. Podrías llorar como un bebé, o puedes limpiar tu habitación como un adulto.

I need to go to the store, but I’m feeling too sick to drive.Tengo que ir a la tienda, pero me siento demasiado enfermo para conducir.

I wanted to buy a baby Chihuahua, so I started to save my money.Yo quería comprar un bebé Chihuahua , así que empecé ahorrar mi dinero.

IT´S YOUR TURN:1. I have never visited Asia,

____ have I visited Africa.2. I didn’t do my

homework, ___ my parents punished me.

3. You can make a big poster, ____ you can make a little clay statue.

4. I want to own my own company, ____ I want to pay all my workers a lot of money.

5. The black dog has won many prizes, _____ he doesn’t know many tricks.

1. Nunca he visitado Asia, tampoco he visitado África.

2. Yo no hice mi tarea, por lo tanto mis padres me castigaron.

3. Usted puede hacer un cartel , o puede hacer una estatua de barro.

4.   Quiero ser dueño de mi propia empresa, y quiero pagar a todos mis trabajadores mucho dinero.

5. El perro negro ha ganado muchos premios, pero no sabe muchos trucos.

BUT OR NOR SO AND

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

A conjunctive adverb can join two independent clauses . In this situation, the conjunctive adverb behaves like a coordinating conjunction, connecting two complete ideas. Notice, however, that you need a  semicolon , not a comma, to connect the two clauses.

MAIN CLAUSE + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + MAIN CLAUSE.

This special kind of conjunction is called an adverbial conjunction because it is part adverb and part conjunction.

-however (Sin embargo) -moreover ( Además) - nevertheless (No obstante) -therefore (Por tanto)

Adverbial conjunctions:

EXAMPLES:

My cat washes herself every day; however, she still has a funny smell.

He received an A on his exam; moreover, the instructor exempted him from the final.

He rarely seems to study; nevertheless, he always gets A’s.

Mi gato se lava todos los días, sin embargo, ella todavía tiene un olor raro.

   Él recibió una A en su examen , además, el instructor lo eximió del final.

Él rara vez se ve estudiar, sin embargo, él siempre obtiene Aes .

NOTE:

Kelsey se ha beneficiado de su ejercicio de escritura; ella tiene buena gramática y puntuación.

Eliana pone atención en clase; ella toma abundantes notas.

COMPLEX SENTENCES IN ENGLISH

Complex sentence has an independent clause (that can stand by itself) joined by one or more dependent clauses (which cannot stand by itself). They describe more than one thing or idea and have more than one verb in them.

For example:

An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, beginning with a capital letter and ending with terminal punctuation such as a period.

I like to go to the store. Me gusta ir a la tienda.

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

DEPENDENT CLAUSE

For instance:

Since much time has elapsed, she remained at home.

Dado que ha transcurrido mucho tiempo, ella se quedó en casa.

Correctly attach a dependent clause to independent clause.

Dependent clause-Independent clause When you attach a dependent clause in front

of  an independent clause, use a comma, like this:

Dependent clause + , + independent clause.

Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar cheese, Emily refused to eat it.

A pesar de que el brócoli estaba cubierto de queso cheddar, Emily se negó a comerlo.

Independent clause-Dependent clause.

When you attach a dependent clause at the end of an independent clause, you will generally use

no punctuation, like this:

Independent clause + Ø + dependent clause.

John spent his class time reading comic books Ø since his average was a 45 one week before final exams.

John gastó su tiempo de la clase leyendo libros de cómics Ø ya que su promedio fue de 45 una semana antes de los exámenes finales.

NOTE

Te he amado por años, aunque nunca lo admití.

Noun clause

I know that Latin is no longer spoken as a native language.

Yo sé que el Latín ya no es hablado como lengua nativa.

Noun I know Latin. ( Yo sé Latín.)

TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Noun clauses have the following uses:

1) Subject:

What he said made me furious.Lo que él dijo me hizo enfurecer.

2) Subject complement:The truth was that the moving company lost all your furniture. La verdad fue que la compañía de mudanzas perdió todos sus muebles.

Como el obtiene su dinero no es nuestro problema

Eso es lo que él realmente necesita.

3) Object complement

I have often declared the problem that most students do not understand grammar.He frecuentemente declarado el problema de que la mayoría de los alumnos no entienden gramática.

4) Object of a prepositionMary is not responsible for what Billy did.

Mary no es responsable por lo que hizo Billy.Algunas personas creen en cualquier cosa que las organizaciones religiosas les dicen.

Los puedes llamar cuando quieras.

5)Adjective complement:

Everybody is sad that Billy drowned.Todos están tristes porque Billy se ahogó.

6)Direct object:Tell me what you intend to do.Cuéntame que intentas hacer.

7) Indirect object: He gave whoever came to the door a winning smile.Dio quien llegó a la puerta una sonrisa ganadora.

.

Me alegro de que estés estudiando cláusulas nominales.

El consejero ha estado preguntando si ella eligió la carrera de derecho

Le dimos a quien quería un formulario de solicitud.

Adjective clause An adjective clause is a dependent clause

that modifies a noun or pronoun. The common connective words used to introduce adjective clauses are:

Relatives pronouns

that  el que, la que, los que, las que, lo quewho  quien, quieneswhich  el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales, lo

cual

whom  a quien, a quienes

whose de quien, de quienes, cuyo, cuya, cuyos, cuyas

what lo que, lo cual 

Consider the following examples:

Adjective The blue coat. (El abrigo azul)

Adjective clause

The coat which I bought yesterday is blue .

El abrigo que yo compré ayer es azul.

Adjective clauses can either be

Restrictive ( Essential) Non-restrictive (Nonessential)

RestrictiveIt adds important information about a certain person or thing.For instance:A person who loves to read will never be lonely. Una persona que ama leer nunca estará sola.

Note:The underlined

information is essential in describing a particular person

Non-Rectrictive.

It adds information about the word it modifies, but it is not essential to the complete meaning of the sentence.For instance:

Thomas Jefferson, who was born on the frontier, became President. Thomas Jefferson, quien nació en la frontera, se convirtió en presidente.

Note:The name Thomas Jefferson identifies who became president, so the bold clause is not essential.

Adjectives clauses may modify:

1)The subject:

Those who see the Englishman only in town, are apt to form an unfavorable opinion of his social character.

Aquellos que ven los Ingleses sólo en la ciudad, tienden a formarse una opinión desfavorable de su carácter social.

El doctor que vino ayer es mi primo.

2)The object of a verb:

Exercise programs that reputable health organizations promote consider factors such as age and medical conditions in their recommendations.

Los programas de ejercicio que las organizaciones acreditadas de salud promueven consideran factores como la edad y condiciones médicas en sus recomendaciones.

3) Object of a preposition: Diet programs which we read about in popular

magazines often have no medical authority behind them.

Programas de dieta que leemos en las revistas populares a menudo no tienen ninguna autoridad médica detrás de ellos.

ADVERB CLAUSES An adverb clause is a dependent clause which

takes the place of an adverb in another clause or phrase.

Note how an adverb clause can replace an adverb in the following example:

• Adverb The premier gave a speech here.El primer ministro pronunció un discurso aquí. • Adverb clause The premier gave a speech where the

workers were striking. El primer ministro pronunció un discurso

donde los trabajadores estaban en huelga.

Adverb clauses are of the following kinds

of time: after, before, as soon as, since, until, when, whenever, while, as.

We were all surprised when the new professor arrived.

Todos fuimos sorprendidos cuando el nuevo profesor llego.

of place: where, wherever.Wherever there are computers, there is

Microsoft software.Donde sea que haya computadores, hay software

Microsoft.

of reason or cause: because, since, so that, in order that, why.

I didn't call her because I'm shy.Yo no la llamé porque soy tímido.

of manner: As, as if, as though.

He treats me as if I´m a stranger.Él me trata como si yo fuera un extraño.

of degree or comparison: so…as, than, as…as.

They all become wiser than they were.Todos ellos llegan a ser mas sabios de lo que

fueron.

of purpose: So that, in order that.

She took a computer course so that she could get a better job.

Ella tomó un curso de informática para poder conseguir un trabajo mejor.

of result or consequence: So…that, Such…that.

This book is so interesting that I can´t stop reading it.

Este libro es tan interesante que no puedo para de leer lo.

of condition: if, unless, until, in case, provided that, assuming that, even if.

If you save your money, you will be able to go to college.

Si ahorras dinero, podrás ir a la universidad.

of concession: although, though, even though, while.

Although George has a Master's degree, he works as a store clerk.

Aunque George tiene una maestría,

trabaja como empleado de la tienda.

Activity

BIBLIOGRAFYLeech, Geoffrey and Jan Stvartui. 1994. A Communactive Grammar of Engligh.Longman.Essex.

 Quirk , Randolph. 1985. A Comprehensive grammar of the English language. Longman. London and New York.

 Murar, Iona, Ana-maria Trantescu and Claudia Pisoschi. 2011.English Sintax. Compound and Complex Sentences.Craiova. Editura Universitaria

Referencias:

 http://www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm

http://www.slideshare.net/jordanlachance/1-a-class-2-four-types-of-sentences

http://www.riohondo.edu/commlang/workshop/Adverbial%20Conjunctions.pdf

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/coordinatingconjunction.htm