Assignment 1 - Software

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

MARCH 2017 INTAKE

SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING [CSC 60603]

ASSIGNMENT 1

GROUP MEMBERS:

NO. NAME STUDENT ID

1. NG SIEW QING 0325750

2. NGIENG TIEN YUNG 0320221

3. NGO JIA HAUR 0320144

4. OOI YIN JI 0319962

5. PANG KAI YUN 0319802

6. SAM WEI YIN 0320364

7. SANDRABROOKE GOH 0329884 LECTURER : SR. YEAP SOON KIAT

SUBMISSION DATE : 5TH MAY 2017

TABLE OF CONTENT

No. Content Page No.

1. Introduction 3

2. Part A 2.1 Buildsoft 2.2 Glodon 2.3 CostX 2.4 Vico Software 2.5 Summary 2.6 Recommendation

4 - 16

3. Part B 3.0 Preparation / Briefing Stage 3.1 BIM 3.1.1 BIM Benefits 3.1.2 BIM Constraints 3.2 CAD Measurement 3.2.1 CAD Benefits 3.2.2 CAD Constraints 3.3 Manual Measurement 3.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits 3.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints

17 - 18

4. 4.0 Design Stage 4.1 BIM 4.1.1 BIM Benefits 4.1.2 BIM Constraints 4.2 CAD Measurement 4.2.1 CAD Benefits 4.2.2 CAD Constraints 4.3 Manual Measurement 4.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits 4.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints

19 - 21

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TABLE OF CONTENT

No. Content Page No.

5. 5.0 Pre-construction Stage 5.1 BIM 5.1.1 BIM Benefits 5.1.2 BIM Constraints 5.2 CAD Measurement 5.2.1 CAD Benefits 5.2.2 CAD Constraints 5.3 Manual Measurement 5.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits 5.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints

22 - 24

6. 6.0 Construction Stage 6.1 BIM 6.1.1 BIM Benefits 6.1.2 BIM Constraints 6.2 CAD Measurement 6.2.1 CAD Benefits 6.2.2 CAD Constraints 6.3 Manual Measurement 6.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits 6.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints

25 - 27

7. 7.0 Post-construction Stage 7.1 BIM 7.1.1 BIM Benefits 7.1.2 BIM Constraints 7.2 CAD Measurement 7.2.1 CAD Benefits 7.2.2 CAD Constraints 7.3 Manual Measurement 7.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits 7.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints

28 - 29

8. Reference 30

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1.0 Introduction

This report is a summarised research on various types of software programs that are

accessible in the construction field. It is divided into two parts which Part A will be focus on the

functions and limitation of different BIM QS software programs while the benefits and

constraints of BIM, CAD Measurement and Manual Measurement will be further discuss in Part

B. The best BIM QS software has also been discussed based on the our justifications and data

in the report.

BIM is rapidly becoming a fundamental tool which works best in managing building

information in recent construction market. A project receives information from various sources

such as engineer, architect, M&E engineer, quantity surveyor etc which often makes the

information management more complicated. Therefore, BIM is a reliable process that works to

gather the inputs from different sources to turn the information into a 3D model for a better

visualisation. It is a way to change and improve the traditional data sharing among the parties

which the communication can be greatly enhanced. Application of BIM covers all construction

project stages including pre-construction phase, construction phase and post-construction

phase. It improves the communication between the construction players by facilitating the

design decision in a faster process. Besides, BIM ensures a quicker project completion time as

it helps in organizing the project during its initial planning stage of the construction.

On the other hand, due to it’s significant impact on construction field, major industry

professionals tend to shift towards to the use of BIM. It is said that the industrialisation,

automation and computerisation of BIM would eventually diminish the role of Quantity Surveyor

in the construction industry. In fact, according to RICS report, the ability of BIM to automate

measurement is the key advantage for Quantity Surveyors in terms of improvement in efficiency

and accuracy in cost estimating. Quantity Surveyors still have to analyse the design, consult the

clients, interpret and extract the quantities as well as aligning the measurement according to

SMM2 where all these works could not be done by BIM itself only.

Despite of the benefits that BIM brings to construction sector in Malaysia, its application

remains at infancy stage. BIM is perceived as new in Malaysia and a costly tool to be widely

practiced among the parties. However, it is expected that BIM will be in high priority in future

with the assistance of government’s efforts. 3

PART A 2.1 Buildsoft

Buildsoft is a software that provide the construction and building industry with standard

estimating software where it offers few different types of products such as global estimating,

offsider estimating, subbies comparison, digitizer boards and so on. The buildsoft product that

will be emphasized in this report is Buildsoft Global Estimating System. This software comprises

of items such as price book, take-off system, screenshots, project analysis, bill of quantities and

four level estimating, takeoff schedules, BETS, system requirements. Buildsoft is a very easy

hands on software that every builder or subcontractor or even design team such as quantity

surveyor to use and also it can be used by people with little or no experience in terms of using

personal computers. In a nutshell, Buildsoft will not dissapoint the user as it offers complete

features that will meet the user's needs.

2.1.1 Function of Software

2.1.1.1 Bill of Quantities Global Estimating is to produce bills of quantities. Bills of quantities are an important aspect that

required for acknowledging the quantities of materials, rate for each materials and the total sum

for all the material uses in the project. This enable user to do cost estimating, producing cost

data and cost plan. By using global estimating, bills of quantities are able being produce in 4-

level estimating which are job summary, trade breakup, calculation sheet and also rate breakup.

In a more detailed explanation, level one is job summary where user can key in the elements

that will have in the project. This sheet is where the subtotal elements of the estimate cost will

be shown. So in each different element or job, different job can be set under different trade

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name. Each of the job can be marked up or some other extra contingency factor be applied

differently and individually according to the element. In another hand, percentage of cost

distribution will also be shown in this level as well as for labour and material summary will be

separated for user easy references.

Level two is trade breakup level where this level will contain the bill of quantity item for each

element which each of the element has its own trade break-up sheet. In this level, user are able

to put in specification that required for the project and user are able to key in the details of each

element as detail as possible to produce bills of quantities. Quantities for each element can be

typed in, calculated in detail or derived from digitizer and rated can be typed in as well or either

being linked to price list or produced in a break up sheets.

Level three is calculation sheet level. In this level, user are allow to put in the dimension of each

elements to calculate the quantity where in the end, the total of the calculation will be returned

to quantity column in Trade breakup level. Deduction for the calculation also can be key in

during this level where this provide a very convenient measurement for the user. Lineal, area

and volume calculation are allowed in this level as it will mostly depend on the description of the

elements.

Level four is rate breakup sheet where user can build up a composite rate that includes

materials, labour, sub-contract, and equipment components for item rate. In rate breakup sheet

level, rates can be key in or linked to the price list and also mathematical formula can be used in

this level.

2.1.1.2 Composite rates Rates are considered as a very significant element which client and contractor will be focus on

when looking into the bills of quantities. Client would wish to get the best rates from contractor

and contractor will not want to over price the rate in order to get the tender of the project. This

software could help user to clearly state out the price and rates for all the elements neatly and

hence this could give user an easy review of rates for the project. In global estimating system,

the rates can be built up and it can be composite the rate for each item. Nevertheless, it can be

saved in price list or library so that user of this software can refer to the price list saved. Since

the rates are kept in the price list or library, they can be transferred from pricelist into a new job

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if there is a new tender. This gives the user an easier and faster way which can help user to cut

off the time consuming period of user preparing bills of quantities.

2.1.1.3 Multi-level mark up function In every project, preparation of markup price rate is a compulsory step for a quantity surveyor to

do in all of the projects. This is because the rate of the materials or any other stuff might be

different compare to the price when tenderer tendering the project and after contractor starts to

commencing the work in which economics will affect the rates of everything. This could help all

parties to prevent themselve facing financial loss. The markup rate is to revise the job or

element or item total. Usually, the item that will be marked up is profit, overhead and also

wastage. This is considered as easily adjusting the tender sum.

2.1.1.4 Analysis In Global estimating, analysis of cost, job and quantity can be analysed. For cost analysis, the

software can analysing the overall materials and labours cost in particular job and this can

provide the overall quantities for all types of materials in particular job. In another hand, for job

analysis can be abstracting part of the building quantities item out from a job and it will be

converted into trades bill. This can enable to prepare sub contractor bill of quantities more easy.

Last but not least, quantities analysis are being analysed and being differentiate the item's

quantity into stages or level.

2.1.2 Limitation of Software 2.1.2.1 Permanently deleted The job file that had been created in buildsoft global estimating system will be permanently

deleted when any amendment are being done on the existing data. In another meaning, there is

no undo button to undo the action. The amendment that had been done cannot be called back

so user have to be careful when doing any amendment work.

2.1.2.2 Virus Attack Whenever using the internet, virus attack is very common problem that user will face. To own

safe purposes, user should have licensed anti-virus software so that the virus definition can be

update daily. If there is no anti virus software, the virus can attack the computer system and

also all the content in the computer and hence that will cause the loss of data in the software

system and may be can not be recovered by any means.

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2.1.2.3 Unable of reviewing of Building Modeling Buildsoft Global Estimating system does not offer user to see the project building model neither

in two dimensional view nor three dimensional view. This software is only able to produce a

good and nice bills of quantities, however, user will still need to refer to architectural and

structural drawing in hard copies.

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2.2 Glodon

Glodon is founded in 1998. Cubicost is a new brand of Glodon in international market. Cubicost

BIM suite is comprised of four individual BIM-based software products which are Cubicost

Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS), Cubicost Takeoff for Rebar (TRB), Cubicost

Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME), and Cubicost TBQ. All these four products

together virtually cover all general requirements in construction cost estimation business.

Moreover, BIM model and related data can be easily transferred between four products,

bringing you the most professional, efficient and accurate BIM cost estimation experience.

2.2.1 Function of Software 2.2.1.1 Cubicost Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS) TAS is embedded with Commonwealth of England calculation rules. It enables the users to

create a 3D model for better visualization effect. Thus, the result can be more accurate. By

using TAS, the users can import directly the electronic drawings such as IFC, DWG and PDF

drawings, thus the 3D model can be built efficiently. Changes or variations can be done quickly

by adjusting the model information and the calculation will be modified accordingly. It is a

quantity calculation software which is simple, helpful and accurate with just one click to

complete all the measurement work. TAS also owns Built-in Localized calculation rules as in

different markets such as SMM2, SMM4, SMM7 and etc. Besides, it is compatible with Autodesk

Revit format. (RVT) and popular 2x3 IFC format. TAS also support import and export of IFC

format.

2.2.1.2 Cubicost Takeoff for Rebar (TRB) TRB is embedded with groundbreaking 3-dimensional measurement and calculation rules,

including British Standards and Uniform Building By-Law. Built-in calculation setting based on

British Standards and Uniform Building Bye-Law. Interchangeable calculation mode between

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Tendering Mode and Prefabrication Mode to 5 address different requirements. TRB allows 3D

model to be imported from TAS to calculate rebar quantities. The deduction calculation can be

done more precise as the elements are linked automatically for deduction as well as anchorage

calculation integrally. Then, it can produce Rebar Schedule for fabrication on site. By using

TRB, the calculation result will be with detail breakdown which helps to provide convenience in

auditing results. Besides, it is also advantageous in variation with synchronization between

models and quantities. Various reporting format is also available.

2.2.1.3 Cubicost Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME) TME allows quantity surveyors to do taking-off quickly for CAD and other drawings. For

examples, TME is fast in calculating all equipment in a drawing with one click to auto identify

pipes, wires, cables and ducts, resolving issues such as cumbersome manual measurement,

difficulties in auditing and low efficiency in quantity takeoff for construction, quantity checks for

settlement and the stage of tender. TME is having the built-in customizable calculation rules.

Therefore, the calculation rules of different disciplines are provided and support customization.

Besides, quantity surveyors can perform reverse checking easily to analyze quantity difference

if there is any by discovering entity from the report. Next, TME can provide a summarised

quantity reports which can be fully used in the whole process of tendering. These reports are

classified according to different sectors such as elements, location etc. By mastering TME, a

visualized MEP can be viewed clearly through a 3D model. TAS project can be imported to

enable the team members to have a more detailed and interesting experience of visualisation.

All the effects such as 360 degree viewing allows us to understand the details of the building

better.

2.2.2 Limitations of Software 2.2.2.1 Cost License of Glodon software is costly thus there are only small number of QS firms afford to

implement Glodon in their companies especially those smaller firms. Hence, those QS firms

would rather use other BIM-based taking off softwares such as CostX and Vico since it is much

more affordable although having less functions as compared to Cubicost.

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2.2.2.2 Newly introduced in the industry

In fact, Glodon is still a relatively new BIM-based product which offers the function of taking off

in the construction market. There are limited countries which practice this software. As for a new

software, it is constantly experiencing software updates and improvement thus it is not a

completely stable product yet. There may be some flaws or constraints that affect the

performance of this product. Moreover, there are not much users who are familiar with the

usage of GLODON as it requires training to ensure the staffs are familiar with the functions to

make good use of the software.

2.2.2.3 Lack of experts Since, Glodon is considered as one of the new software in the industrial, hence, there are lack

of experts who are working in the field. An additional investment in training and education is

required during software implementation.

2.2.2.4 Incompatibility with partners Currently, GLODON is not yet commonly practiced by construction professionals in Malaysia as

it is that one of the partners or subcontractors may not be using Glodon. Therefore, they may

not be able to access and take information from the models. Hence, inconvenience would be

caused in terms of communication between the partners.

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2.3 CostX

CostX is one of the BIM software which was published on the year of 2014. It is a software that

enables a quantity surveyor to do taking off from 2D drawings quickly and accurately. Besides,

costX owns a most advanced electronic taker off system that can automatically generate

quantities from 3D models. Through costX, we can prepare estimates, bills of quantities and

tenders in a quicker way.

2.3.1 Function of Software 2.3.1.1 Support 2D taking off CostX enables quantity surveyor to prepare 2D taking off accurately and quickly because it

supports various types of file including PDF and CAD. Quantity surveyor does not need to open

CAD or PDF while doing taking off. Unlike other software, you will need to take few step before

u can take measurement of a specific area or length. CostX could measure area, length with

only a click. All this could save a lot of time for professions who are involved in construction.

2.3.1.2 Support 3D taking off CostX also supports a 3D file or BIM file such as Revit, archiCAD, sketchup and other bim file.

Through costX, we can navigate around the mode. For example, we can rotate around the

model via rear, front, side or other perspectives with only using a mouse. In addition, by utilising

costX we can explore the properties of the building easily. Also, they can add user defined

model properties into the schedule to supplement the existing model data. Next, it can extracts

quantities and create a customized estimate by using the function of object based dimension

groups. Lastly, it could also allow us to measure manually in this software.

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2.3.1.3 Workbook The workbook sides of costX includes live-link, rates, codes, phraseology and constant plus the

standard and custom report writer. Existing rate libraries can be imported from excel and the

data will live- link to estimate. It will auto update the quantity and estimate if there are any

changes.

2.3.1.4 Auto-revisioning The function of this auto revisioning is to help us to identify amendments and changes of the 2D

and 3D drawings and update the quantity when necessary. Quantity surveyors can compare the

dimension of old and new drawing and display them for adjustment easily. One of the

advantages of this auto-revisioning is the old version of drawings and workbook will be locked

and the users are unable to do any measurement on it.

2.3.1.5 Sub-contractor Comparison In CostX, there is this function called subcontractor comparison. The quantity surveyor could

compare the subcontractors in terms of their trades. They can generate workbook which allow

subcontractor details to be entered and compared. It eases quantity surveyors as they do not

need to key in the information of subcontractors in each time.

2.3.2 Limitation of Software 2.3.2.1 Cost and license The initial cost to install this software is high in terms of hardware and license. In addition, there

are few type of license for this software which is standalone, network and portable. Each of this

option carry different price.

2.3.2.2 Rebar detection CostX could not detect the reinforcement bar in the column. Quantity surveyor need to measure

it separately. This might cause overmeasure of BRC.

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2.4 Vico Software

Vico software established different types of construction software and services which

contributes to the construction industry. The construction software are Vico Takeoff Manager,

Vico Cost Manager, Vico LBS Manager, etc. These software are generally used by contractors

and construction managers to minimize the risk, improve schedules for large scale projects and

manage construction costs. Besides, Vico’s 5D Virtual Construction solutions which launched by

Vico software remain the construction industry’s integrated approach to quantity takeoff, project

scheduling, coordination and cost estimation. Also, the file formats which are related with BIM

such as ArchiCAD, Tekla, Revit and etc are applicable to the new Vico Office products.

2.4.1 Function of Software 2.4.1.1 Vico Takeoff Manager Vico Takeoff Manager is using a unique geometry analysis algorithm to produce quick and high

accuracy of quantity takeoff by scanning 3D model which created from authorized BIM tools.

The user has to visually verifies the elements in the 3D model included in the quantities. For the

quantity calculations, user has to adjust the changes manually by adding or subtracting the

model elements in the 3D model. Besides, Vico Cost Planner and Schedule Planner modules

can takeoff data by location automatically. Hence, it does not require to export and import data.

As a result, the accuracy for cost planning and schedules are increased.

2.4.1.2 Vico Cost Planner Vico Cost Planner allows cost calculation, cost estimating, and value engineering module. It can

use the quantities generated from Takeoff Manager to produce a highly accurate amount in

estimation within a short period of time. Besides, Cost Planner provides cost feedback at

different project phases starting from design phase to close out phase. Nevertheless, Cost

Planner also allows the users to keep and store the important and reusable projects data for

further usage.

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2.4.1.3 Vico Constructability Manager Vico Constructability Manager able to detect constructability issues for the published models.

With Constructability Manager, users can do a comparison on the models in terms of layer by

layer or different types of element. The user can easily make amendment on the model and

rerun the comparisons to produce a new model. Besides, Constructability Manager able to

generate a constructability report that included all constructability issues for any current status

of a project.

2.4.1.4 Vico LBS Manager Vico LBS Manager help the user to differentiate the location structure which is the combination

of floors or zones in a building. The location structure defined in the LBS Manager able to

maintain a uniform location structure for all project information published to the Vico Office

Project. Besides, LBS Manager can recalculate the quantities and update the result at the end

of the editing process whenever the changes on floors or zones are made without going back

for the BIM application. Therefore, it can produce a best project schedule as the phasing and

zoning of a project are optimized.

2.4.1.5 Vico Schedule Planner Vico Schedule Planner combines the function of Vico Takeoff Manager, Vico Cost Planner and

Vico LBS Manager which can produce a highly optimized project schedule. Vico Schedule

Planner ensures a smooth project flows by adding the size of crew, productivity rates and

geography specific pricing. With this, users can compress the work schedule without increasing

the risk as they can control task buffers and identify conflicts easily. As a result, the productivity

and predictability are increased to deliver the projects within a short period.

2.4.2 Limitation of Software 2.4.2.1 Inefficient By using Vico Software software, each time only can operate one model file. Hence, it is

inefficient as it takes a longer time to produce project’s document compared to other BIM

software.

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2.5 Summary

Software

Feature Buildsoft Glodon CostX Vico

Simplicity Yes Yes Yes No

Taking-off Yes Yes Yes Yes

Application for Architect and Engineer

No No No No

Able to read different type of drawing

No Yes Yes Yes

Able to export into other formats

No Yes No Yes

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2.6 Recommendation

Nowadays, there are various types of BIM QS software available in the industry. Each

and every software would definitely has its own leading features as well as the limitations.

Therefore, the best BIM QS software does not necessarily means to have the most features but

having the most appropriate and functional feature that meet the user’s requirements to

effectively ease their job.

Based on our study and understanding on the 4 BIM QS software that we had chosen,

we would like to recommend Cubicost by Glodon as the best software among these four

softwares. Firstly, Cubicost by Glodon is easy to operate. Most of the things could be done with

just a click. For example, changes and variation could be quickly made with just a click by

adjusting the model information and the calculation will be modified accordingly. This could

definitely gives the user a more accurate result as they do not need to make changes or

variation for each part and so, all those human errors such as careless mistake could be

avoided.

Secondly, Cubicost by Glodon able to provide the user a better visualisation as a 3D

model will be created as they key in all the related information or data accordingly. TME can

auto identify the pipes, wires, cables and ducts. Hence, a visualized MEP can be viewed clearly

through a 3D model. The users will have better understanding on the details of the building

through these unique features such as 360 degree viewing.

Last but not least, the user can save a significant sum of time by using Cubicost by

Glodon due to the special features like on-screen taking off, 3D visualisation and paperless

estimating. Traditional way of doing measurement is totally not needed if using this software.

The quantity surveyor could no longer spend such a long period of time for scaling and taking

off the data from the drawing. As a result, the workload could be ease and the process of

preparing a BQ could be speed up. The time saved could then turns into profit.

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PART B 3.0 Briefing/ Preparation Stage 3.1 Building Information Model (BIM) 3.1.1 BIM Benefits

a. Visualization improved by 3D Model - Better visualization enables the contractor to

understand the site planning of the project easily even at the preparation stage. 3D

modeling services also creating a virtual environment, which help to convince the project

team and contractor present their rough idea of design to their client.

b. Improve the communication and the coordination among different parties - As a result of

BIM provide a visualization services as an entry services, therefore BIM acts a platform

that show all the progress of the project at any given moment from different party who

access to the model. It allows the project members to communicate their idea to each

other. Besides, it is able to identify any potential risk of delay or error before hand-in the

project thus avoiding extra expenses incurred.

3.1.2 BIM Constraints a. High cost for software and training - The cost of the BIM software is very expensive.

Secondly, it also requires staff training because it involves a lot of complication during

implementation.

3.2 CAD Measurement 3.2.1 CAD Benefits

a. Database for manufacturing - Designers will include the data such as material,

dimension and shapes of the components etc in CAD when creating the documentation

for designing purpose. These data can be used for manufacturing as well.

b. Increase value to client - CAD software enables designers to explore and produce

conceptual proposals in a shorter time frame. For instance, designers can produce and

evaluate alternative designs for a proposed housing area to the client. Hence, a higher

level of service has been proposed to the client which differentiate us from potential

competitors.

c. Visualisation - Client is able to look at virtual reality simulations of the layout of the

proposed buildings. It is cheaper to make any amendment at briefing stage rather than

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when the building is in construction stage. It ensures a higher quality of the end product

which matches the specification and expectation of the client more.

3.2.2 CAD Constraints a. High initial cost - High expenses incurred to implement CAD which includes the cost of

software itself, cost of computer hardware, software updates as well as training cost for

the workers.

b. Software Complexity - CAD becomes more versatile and adaptable as it advances.

However, the software itself becomes more complicated which makes it difficult for the

first-time users to practice the software.

3.3 Manual Measurement 3.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits

a. Cost Effective - Manual measurement is very cost effective compared to BIM and CAD

measurement as it does not require to purchase any software which is very costly. It

would only cost mainly on the printing hence it saves a lot of money.

b. No Training Is Required - Every quantity surveyor know how to do manual measurement

while not every quantity surveyor know how to do BIM and CAD measurement because

it requires technical skills to use the software to do measurement. Therefore, extra

training is required for them to master the software.

3.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints a. Errors - There is a risk of human errors as quantity surveyor is rushing to complete the

cost estimates. They have to use a well-organized systematic method of takeoff to avoid

overmeasure or under measure. Besides, scale of the drawings is not as accurate as

software thus leading to measurement discrepancies.

b. Time consuming - Manual measurement consumes more time than BIM and CAD

measurement because manual measurement is practiced by using measurement tools

such as scale rule and calculator. The quantity surveyor need to measure and scale

everything manually so it takes longer time as manpower has its limits. This will delay

the time of task completion.

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4.0 Design Stage 4.1 Building Information Model (BIM) 4.1.1 BIM Benefits

a. High graphic perspective of 3D modeling that everyone can easily understand - BIM is

created for the purpose of designing building. It creates the drawing that everyone can

understand because this application provide a 360-degree rotation of a 3D model.

Moreover, every view or component for a building in interconnected. For example, if the

users do any adjustment on window in a building. All of the windows’ dimension will be

adjusted and updated automatically.

b. Improve efficiency - Clash detection is the one advantage that would improve the

efficiency during design phase. All the error or clash that will impact the construction

process will be mentioned so the potential issue can be settle before the construction

start.

c. Reduce the material usage - Compared to the traditional method such as CAD

measurement or manual measurement, the use of BIM can reduce the material cost

because BIM has potential to eliminate construction waste sources. We can use the BIM

drawings and calculations to show the reduction of material use through the building

design.

4.1.2 BIM Constraints a. Require trained or experienced technical staff - BIM is unfamiliar and tedious, so it

requires the technician who owns the skills and knowledge on how a project designed

and documented. However, it is more time consuming due to the training programme for

the staff to learn how to operate it.


a. Accurate design - CAD enables the designers to produce very accurate and precise

designs with minimum errors. For example, designers can draw the model at 1:1 scale

which ensures its accuracy of measurement for the advantage of quantity surveyors. On

the contrary, there is high risk of human errors on manual drafting as scale is involved in

the drawings. Dimensions of the model have to be manually verified and established

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which human errors tend to occur frequently at this stage. An error-free design enhances

an accurate and correct measurement prepared by quantity surveyors.

b. Cost modelling - Cost modelling can be done by utilising CAD in the initial stage of

design phase. Quantity surveyors are able to identify the specifications in the design and

thus propose to cut down of the cost to the client if necessary. They are able to show the

implications of cost upon the design produced to the client immediately which helps to

improve the communication between quantity surveyors and client. Without CAD, they

might face some difficulties in analysing the result of design and cost since the

production of the drawings is time consuming thus affect the time taken for cost estimate

as well.

4.2.2 CAD Constraints a. Lack of standardisation in design - There are a few methods of drawing the plans which

are depends on the architect preferences. For example, some architects will use

‘polyline’ to draw in CAD drawings but some may not. Objects drawn by using polyline

makes measurement process easier as quantity surveyors can take the total area

without returning to the manual taking-off to calculate the length and width of the area.

This would diminish the purpose of using CAD in measurement. However, it is difficult to

standardize all architects to use the same method to draw as they would not be aware of

its effect towards quantity surveyors.

b. Loss of work due to not saving - CAD drawings will be lost as a results of not saving

them during the drafting process. CAD users are not able to auto save the projects as it

does not own a backup system.


a. Cost Effective - Manual measurement is very cost effective compare to BIM and CAD


would only cost mainly on the printing hence it safe a lot of money.



it required trained skill to use the software to do measurement. Therefore, extra training

is required for them to master the software.

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c. Client’s satisfaction - Client may find it easier to understand the measurements as they

are more used to the traditional method. The client might also not familiar with BIM and

CAD measurement.

4.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints a. Errors - There is a risk of human errors as quantity surveyor is rushing to complete the

cost estimates. The quantity surveyor must use a well-organized systematic method of

takeoff to avoid missing or double counting items. Besides that, the scale of the

drawings might not be as accurate compare to software so it might be a little difference.

b. Can’t provide better visualization - Unlike BIM and CAD measurement that can provide

3D model using the software, in manual measurement, the quantity surveyor are using

2D drawing. The quantity surveyor has to take many days to visualize the whole

construction from the 2D drawing. Therefore, manual measurement consume more time

than BIM and CAD measurement.

c. Sharing of information - Since there will only be one original copy of the drawings, if

there is any changes to the drawings, it is difficult to share the updated information to the

other department of the project.

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5.0 Pre-construction Stage 5.1 Building Information Model (BIM) 5.1.1 BIM Benefits

a. Scheduling by 4D BIM - 4D BIM, is used to plan construction related activities on site.

The progress of the activities on site throughout this project can be extracted and

visualised by those who are involved. BIM elements such as columns, floor slabs and

others can be attached to find out its proper start and end time. The capabilities of BIM

to facilitate the mapping of time, cost resources and transportation analysis can improve

logistics performance. Therefore, it allows a better understanding on how the process

will proceed in a particular point of time and help in scheduling the construction progress.

b. Improve safety - BIM technology can easily identify the traffic condition and hazards

around the site that can cause accident before the construction starts. This is to ensure

that the task can be completed safely and efficiently as when the risk or hazards are

identified, the person in charge will bring up solution to overcome before hand.

c. Cost estimating by 5D BIM - 5D BIM, provide all the cost advices and estimates on

various design proposals in real time during construction. 5D BIM will automatically

estimate the material costs of the project even there are changes in between the project,

thus the estimators can manage the budget of construction.

5.1.2 BIM Constraints a. Defective of 4D BIM - 4D BIM has been proved that it is very effective to the overall

schedule of communication even though the schedule is complex. However, there is a

contrast between the final results of a schedule in 4D-animation after communicating

and while working with the fundamental schedule. For example, it will be hard to analysis

and overview work in progress of the project when there are several thousand activities

in the schedule.


a. Enhance communication - Since CAD drawings can be easily sent to quantity surveyors

within minutes through email, so they can react to the necessary changes and make

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amendment in cost estimate as soon as possible. Quantity surveyors receive the

drawings from architect in a short period of time after the design stage is completed.

b. Quick measurement - By utilising CAD software such as CostX, the measurement

process of unique shapes in the drawings takes short time and easier. Quantity

surveyors do not need to divide it into a few regular shapes to get the total area of a

whole irregular shapes with the help of CAD. The total area of the irregular shape of the

proposed building can be get within a minute by just clicking on the boundary of the

shape.

c. Accurate taking-off - Measurement done by quantity surveyors is more precise and

accurate in reality compared to manual measurement. It is due to CAD drawings are

produced in scale 1:1 and it helps to eliminate the risk of human errors in quantities and

scales.

5.2.2 CAD Constraints a. Unable to produce BQ - CAD software is limited to taking-off only but not production of

Bills of Quantities. Obtaining the quantities do not automatically produced a bill of

quantities which makes the work become tedious. It is because the quantities extracted

need to be exported to another software to produce bills of quantities or the quantity

surveyors have to transfer the quantities into BQ format manually. Mistakes tend to

occur in this process.









c. Flexibility in workflow - Manual measurement allows quantity surveyors to work in a

workflow that they are comfortable thus making it more fluent within the company. While

BIM and CAD measurement is made in such a way where they need to follow certain

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steps to get things done. Therefore, manual measurement is more suitable to situations

that are unable to gained by the software because of its flexibility as well as changing or

working according to rules and regulation of region.

5.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints a. Errors - Manual measurement might cause human errors and lower down the accuracy.

The quantity surveyor must use a well-organized systematic method of takeoff to avoid

missing or double counting items. Besides that, the scale of the drawings might not be

as accurate compare to software so it might be a little difference. This might cause

differences in the final cost of the project.

b. Unable to make changes quickly - If there are changes of any dimension or quantity,

recalculation of the work will be required. The quantity surveyor needed more time to

calculate the changes as man power has limits. Work will be very troublesome and

tedious if there is changes in design. The quantity surveyor may need to redo everything.

6.0 Construction Stage

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6.1 Building Information Model (BIM) 6.1.1 BIM Benefits

a. Save time - During the construction phase, BIM have the ability and convince the

resolution of complex tasks and identify changes or clashes because it is a digital

representation that provides the real-time information in three dimensions. In addition,

everyone that involves in the collaboration can access to the digital document anywhere

and anytime, as the documents are delivered to cloud. It also allows controlling the

schedules and minimizing rework, so the construction could be complete in time.

b. Reduce wastage - Material schedule, the method of construction has been selected and

planned during the design phase and pre-construction phase. Therefore, wastage is

reduced during construction phase.

c. Promotes prefabrication - Construction team provides all information as early as possible

also facilitates on-site prefabrication, ensuring cost savings for higher quality and also

error-free components. Therefore, it can benefits the real-time delivery and mitigates

storage problems.

6.1.2 BIM Constraints a. Price Fluctuations - Although the BIM model is a very useful tool that can help us to

collect information across the entire construction project. However, we still need to

employ the external manual method due to the price fluctuations as BIM model do not

consider the price fluctuation of the materials in the market.


a. Reduce wastage - Greater accuracy of the design can be achieved by using CAD thus

leading to a better design with reduced errors. Better designs help to carry out the

manufacturing process faster as well as reducing the wastage drastically caused by

faulty design.

b. Reduce confusion - Ability of CAD to show design information clearly and persistently to

avoid misinterpretations during construction. The design information can be viewed

clearly through efficient plotting. Also, dimensions of the complex shapes of the layout

can be accurately defined without error.

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c. Detect interferences - CAD users are capable to detect any clashes of the drawings by

keying in the information into the system which manual drafted drawings may be looked

correct.

6.2.1 CAD Constraints a. Limited to 2D - Since the CAD drawings are in two-dimensional, the measurement done

by quantity surveyors are also based on two-dimensional designs only. Quantities that

require volume which is in three-dimensions could not be measured. Therefore, it may

affect the comprehensiveness of the final quantities.









c. Safe and secured - Manual measurement reduce the risk of information loss as all the

measurement is in hardcopy. While BIM and CAD measurement have a higher risk in

loss of information because the computer might suddenly spoil and all the information

will be gone or the files might not be saved properly. Furthermore, manual measurement

has no restriction such as power failure. The quantity surveyor will not be affected due to

power down or computer system clashed as it is totally based on paper works.

6.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints

a. Project time extended - Project time will be extended because there are some factors

that affect project duration negatively. Occurring of design errors, reworks and changing

client demands can affect project duration and lack of understanding of the project by

the clients. 2D drawings can lead to variation orders and consequently cause extension

in the duration of project and may increase the project cost.

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b. Reduce accuracy of data - Humans are slower in identifying error compare to software.

When error is identified during the construction stage, this will have incurred cost to

reconstruct the certain part which leads to other additional cost. Reconstructing will also

lead to the change in measurement and BQ and hence more time is needed to

re-estimate the cost plan.

7.0 Post construction stage 7.1 Building Information Model (BIM)

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7.1.1 BIM Benefits a. Model data recorded - The construction management can provide an accurate model or

record of the building, and all the information about the components to their client at the

end of the project.

b. Sustainability and facility management - 7D BIM, mainly contributes to facilities

management departments that can utilize BIM technology for coordinated, computable

building information and knowledge management. In addition, BIM technology providing

more precise control systems, and consistently delivering cost effective services for the

occupants of the building.

7.1.2 BIM Constraints a. Cultural barrier toward a new technology - Once the building construction completed, the

maintenance team who hired by the project management separately do not have the skill

and knowledge to manage the building by using BIM. Thus, this could be a barrier to

implement BIM for facilities management.


a. Data Management - CAD software is able to store and manage both graphic data and

non-graphic data effectively. Graphic data refers to drawings of a project while

non-graphic data refer to quantities, cost, specifications etc. These data is crucial to

serve the purpose of cost analysis after the project is completed. Also, the data stored is

used as a reference guide in future so that the repetitive components do not have to be

designed repeatedly. In CAD, these data are grouped orderly which ensures an easy

access for quantity surveyors.

b. Easy to reproduce - After the construction is completed, CAD drawings can be easily

reproduced in a short period of time for future reference or other purpose.

7.2.1 CAD Constraints

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a. Limited information - There is little to no information of some components in CAD files in

terms of softscape of the buildings. Lack of information leads to an inadequate of

visualisation of the designated space usage.


a. Easy to obtain information - All the information is in hardcopy, a person does not need to

master any software in order to locate and extract the specific information needed.

b. Reduce the risk of loss of information - All the information is in hardcopy so it will

reduced the risk of loss of information. The use of software will have a higher risk in loss

of information because if the files are not kept properly, all the information will be gone.

7.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints a. Require place to store the drawing - Storage facilities is required to keep all the manual

drawings.

b. Time needed after commissioning - Significant time is needed to collect and validate

data needed to form the manual, as the information often consists of 2D drawings and

PDF documents

c. Limited information - A hardcopy manual does not provide some crucial information for

the Facility Maintenance team that extends beyond the 2D drawings such as

maintenance planning and space planning.

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8.0 Reference

● Ocheja, A. (2017). Computer Aided Design (CAD) System For Quantity Surveyors In

Malaysia. Academia.edu. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from

http://www.academia.edu/2168124/Computer_Aided_Design_CAD_System_For_Quantit

y_Surveyors_In_Malaysia

● Stonecypher, L. (2017). Benefits of using the CAD Software: Advantages of the CAD

Software. Brighthub Engineering. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from

http://www.brighthubengineering.com/cad-autocad-reviews-tips/17593-benefits-of-using-t

he-cad-software/

● James, T. (2017). The Advantages and Disadvantages of CAD.CAM | Synonym.

Classroom.synonym.com. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from

http://classroom.synonym.com/advantages-disadvantages-cadcam-10002481.html

● Advantages of BIM-Based Management Model. Retrieved 9 February 2015 , from

http://www.glodon.com/en/journals_articles.aspx?id=25

● Harris, V. (2016, June 25). The end of manual take-off for Estimators. Retrieved April 21,

2017, from http://www.biminstitute.org.za/end-manual-take-off-estimators/

● Dalcı, A. (2014). An Investigation on Some Benefits of BIM Application (Doctoral

dissertation, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi

(DAÜ)).

● Alder, M. A. (2006). Comparing Time and Accuracy of Building Information Modeling to

On-Screen Takeoff for a Quantity Takeoff of a Conceptual Estimate.

● Bečvarovská, R., & Matějka, P. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CREATING

TRADITIONAL QUANTITY TAKEOFF METHOD AND USING A BIM TOOL.

● Group, T. (2017). 5D BIM Construction Software | Virtual Construction | Vico Software.

Vicosoftware.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from http://www.vicosoftware.com.

● Vico Office R3.0 Help User guide. (2017). http://www.vicosoftware.com. Retrieved 2 May

2017, from

http://www.vicosoftware.com/hs-fs/hub/658/file-13189303-pdf/docs/vico_office_release_

3_help_file.pdf

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http://www.academia.edu/2168124/Computer_Aided_Design_CAD_System_For_Quantity_Surveyors_In_Malaysia


http://classroom.synonym.com/advantages-disadvantages-cadcam-10002481.html

http://www.brighthubengineering.com/cad-autocad-reviews-tips/17593-benefits-of-using-the-cad-software/


http://www.brighthubengineering.com/cad-autocad-reviews-tips/17593-benefits-of-using-the-cad-software/

http://www.vicosoftware.com/hs-fs/hub/658/file-13189303-pdf/docs/vico_office_release_3_help_file.pdf

http://www.vicosoftware.com/hs-fs/hub/658/file-13189303-pdf/docs/vico_office_release_3_help_file.pdf

http://www.vicosoftware.com/

http://www.biminstitute.org.za/end-manual-take-off-estimators/

http://www.academia.edu/2168124/Computer_Aided_Design_CAD_System_For_Quantity_Surveyors_In_Malaysia

Education

Assignment 1 - Software