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CSC 60603

SOFTWARE

APPLICATION

FOR QUANTITY

SURVEYING

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

GROUP MEMBER:

LEE PEI GIE 0315653

YONG SEEN YEE 0315883

TEE SIN YI 0315689

KHOO XIN YEE 0316180

LEONG CHEE MUN 0316256

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Content INTRODUCTION

BIM QS COMPUTER SOFTWARE

GLODON

COST X

VICO

COSTOS

COMPARISON

RECOMMENDATION

COMPARE BIM, MANUAL AND CAD MEASUREMENT

BIM (BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING)

MANUAL MEASUREMENT

CAD MEASUREMENT

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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11-13

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33-35

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Introduction

Building information modelling (BIM) software includes computer-aided design (CAD)

products used commonly within the architecture and construction industries. Many of these

products offer tools and libraries specifically targeted for architectural design and

construction, including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) and building information

modelling (BIM). BIM software offers a model-based process for designing and managing

buildings and infrastructures, going beyond construction drawings to generate a digital

representation of the functional properties of a facility.

There are BIM software with different functionalities in the market today. These range from

software for modelling, quantities take-off and costing, project management to cloud-based

BIM. Typically, software for quantities take-off and costing can open 2D drawings or 3D

models created by BIM design or modelling software for viewing and quantity extraction. The

generation of quantities should be according to the standards method of measurements to

produce the Bills of Quantities. These include concrete volume with same or different mix,

classification of formwork in stages, reinforcement bars, interior finishes areas, and can be

separated into building works, architectural works, landscaping works and MEP works.

Every software tool has its own merits and it is greatly dependant on the organisation and

the environment in which it is to be implemented. And so, the assignment had made us to

study five BIM software and therefore, we shall compare and evaluate and eventually, the

best one should be recommended out of five. Five BIM software to be studied:-

I GLODON

II COST X

III VICO

IV COSTOS

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BIM QS Computer

Software

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Glodon Glodon has been a pioneer in BIM research. Focusing on BIM applications in the whole

building life cycle and throughout every phase of the construction project, Glodon now has a

complete set of BIM-based solutions. BIM is not only a model, Glodon’s BIM offer the most

comprehensive range of BIM data, its solution fully penetrates into all stages of business

needs. Glodon BIM overview is as shown below.

Its products range include Glodon Takeoff for Rebar, Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and

Electrical, Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure, Glodon Tender Series for Bill of

Quantities and MagiCAD.

Features

1. Glodon Takeoff for Rebar (TRB)

TRB is BIM-based quantity takeoff software for rebar. It supports model sharing with Glodon

TAS, enabling quantity takeoff for rebar and architectural works in the same BIM model. It is

the only quantity takeoff software embedded with local measurement methods and it

supports importing local BQ and extracting rebar quantities to generate reports quickly by

supporting the data sharing with Glodon TBQ which helps in improving the efficiency of

generating tender documents.

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2. Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME)

TME is BIM-based quantity takeoff software for MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing).

It completes quantity takeoff by one click as well as showing different systems and positions

of MEP devices clearly by auto converting black-and-white PDF drawings into colourful ones.

3) Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS)

TAS is BIM-based quantity takeoff software for architecture and structure, which has

successfully passed the buildingSMART certification. It is the only quantity software that

enables the editing of BIM mod els, and supports the direct import of IFC, DWG and PDF

drawings to build 3D models efficiently.

4) Glodon Tender Series for Bill of Quantities (TBQ)

TBQ is an innovative, efficient and easy-to-use cost estimating software, whereby it identifies

paper BQ and link summary pages with BQ item pages automatically to prepare e-tender

efficiently. It enables team to collaboratively prepare tender to enhance work efficiently.

5) MagiCAD

MagiCAD offers localisation for different country-specific standards and enables MEP design

using over 1,000,000 intelligent 3D product models from leading international manufacturers,

each product complete with accurate dimensions and comprehensive technical data. Adding

MagiCAD's clever automated capabilities to user’s Revit or AutoCAD will make our MEP

design faster, easier and more productive.

Functions 1. Perfect data interface, accurate model data

Glodon BIM supports international standard model format IFC, and is also developed for

Chinese format GFC. It rapidly transfers from 2D drawings into 3D models.

2. High market share of Takeoff products

Glodon BIM model can integrate with its nation-wide takeoff software, which is the core

source of BIM application data.

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3. Project management and BM 5D

5D BIM-based project management can visually control schedule contract and cost with

multi-coordination. Moreover, it supports Web and Mobile to inquire 5D information anytime,

anywhere.

4. Professional management tool

Glodon BIM provides professional tools such as change management which providing

accurate information for decision making. Thus, costs are reduced, construction period is

shorten and quality is improved.

5. Quick Modelling & BIM-Based Quantity Takeoff

Glodon enables the editing of BIM models and supports the direct import of IFC, DWG and

PDF drawings to build 3D model effectively. One click to complete quantity takeoff based on

the model. Quantity surveyors are able to deal with variations quickly by only adjusting

model information and performing calculation again.

Limitations 1. Costly

Glodon BIM can be expensive if a

company wish to acquire all its products

that fulfil the business from the process

of construction design to its operation

which cover facility management as well.

Also, the users need to pay for its

‘maintenance or operation updating’ fee

so that every time when new things are

leased, their software will get updated.

On the other hand, it presents an

extension of price when users require

different products to offset each other’s

limitation. Graphic above shows that

Glodon BIM is having different kind of products for different services.

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Cost X With BIM fast emerging in the construction industry and various estimating software

packages claiming to support BIM, we need to make sure that our software will cover all the

BIM bases. CostX® is renowned worldwide as a leading BIM estimating solution and is used

in a variety of industries for this reason. There are a few of CostX products which include

CostX®, CostX®Takeoff, CostX®Takeoff 2D, CostXL and CostX® Viewer.

Features 1) CostX®

CostX® is Exactal’s top-of-the-range product. CostX® is a project costing tool that enables

estimators to utilise the most advanced electronic takeoff system while embracing BIM to

deliver better results to clients.

2) CostX® 2D

CostX® 2D does not support 3D/BIM drawings or allow for auto-revisioning, but still contains

Exactal’s world-leading 2D takeoff and integrated workbook. If our company does not

receive 3D/BIM drawings but still wants to take advantage of the faster, smarter and more

accurate estimating solution on the market, CostX® 2D is a good choice for us.

3) CostX® Takeoff

If we only require CostX® for measuring, CostX® Takeoff still allows us to utilise the most

advanced takeoff system on the market. CostX® Takeoff not only supports a variety of 2D

drawings but also supports 3D/BIM models.

4) CostX® Takeoff 2D

CostX® Takeoff 2D is Exactal’s most basic product but still allows us to use the world-

leading 2D takeoff, meaning one can measure areas, lengths and counts in a few clicks. If

we have only used manual measurement and Excel® before and want to start off with

something simple, CostX® Takeoff 2D may be the best choice for a quantity surveyor.

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5) CostXL

Many programs export data to Excel® but CostXL is different because the data is live-linked

to CostX® itself. Whenever the CostX® data is changed, the Excel® spreadsheet updates

automatically. CostXL is an invaluable tool for any CostX® client who uses Excel® spread

sheets to work with construction data.

6) CostX® Viewer

CostX® Viewer allows user to take advantage of the all-electronic estimation platform and

offer interactive projects to clients and co-workers complete with detailed cost breakdowns

and building revisions with live links to CAD drawings & BIM.

Comparison between various CostX products.

Functions

1) Design Package Support

CostX® supports BIM exports from all major 3D design packages such as Revit®,

Archicad®, Microstation®, Tekla® and Google Sketchup®. It has full 3D graphics capability

and has the ability to extract object properties and generate automatic quantities from 3D

BIM. In addition, all standard 2D drawings such as scanned, PDF or CAD drawings are

allowed – all without the need to buy CAD software as it is all in a single integrated program.

2) Network Capabilities

CostX®’s network capabilities allow multiple users to work on the same project at once. It

improves productivity by allowing users to work on the same project at the same time with no

need to merge CostX® files or duplicate multiple drawing imports for electronic takeoff.

3) Auto-Revisioning

The unique revision function in CostX® allows CostX® to compare the drawings, highlights

the changes, creates an audit trail and updates the measurements – the live links do all the

work in this construction estimating software when revision occurs.

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4) Workbooks

Users can use spread sheet-based templates to create accurate cost plans, estimates, bills

and tenders, all live linked to drawings, so they can see what has been measured where.

5) Paperless Estimating

Free CostX® Viewer allows others to view quantity surveyors’ estimates and reports without

paper copies. CostX® offers quantity surveyors’ clients the free CostX® Viewer software,

and then share interactive CostX® projects in a safe and easy-to-use format.

6) Subcontractor Comparison

The Subcontractor Comparison System in CostX® generates a workbook which allows

subcontractor quotation details to be entered and compared in a structured manner.

Limitations 1) Continuously pay for add-ons

Users need to purchase a wide array of Add-On products and solutions to extend the

capability of its BIM tools.

2) Do not enable editing of BIM models

The electronic takeoff allows user to automatically extract quantities from BIM, plus measure

areas, lengths and counts from a range of 2D drawings provided by architect consultants,

without allowing the quantity surveyor to build 3D models themselves, hence take time to

deal with variation in drawings.

3) Measurement limitations

There are some restrictions while doing measurement on Cost X. For instance, the vertical

position of windows cannot be adjusted to its accurate position, hence the 3D model live-

linked with the measurement information can only illustrate the position of windows on the

ground. Another example is the limitation in measuring rebar. Bents for BRC and concrete

cover is hardly detected and measured in the drawing. To diminish the problem, exceeding

length on bents and extra area of BRC is measured, which is certainly inaccurate.

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Vico Software

Vico software provides construction software and services to the commercial building

industry. It can reduce risk, manage cost of the project, and optimize schedules on complex

building projects. It is remain the construction industry's most integrated approach to

coordination, quantity takeoff, cost estimation, project scheduling, and production control.

Function 1) 2D to 3D change management

Vico Document Controller is able to identify changes, deletions or additions between 2D

drawing set versions and 3D model versions. Besides, it is also able to compare coordinated

3D models to the 2D contract documents for the final checking.

3D BIM for Clash Detection

Vico Constructability Manager is able to detect clash in the project. Besides, it can also

define common and even complex comparisons, save them, and re-run the comparisons

when new model versions become available. Besides, the Leader can prepare a

Constructability Analysis Report for discussion and resolution with project stakeholder so

that we can identify the issues of construction in the planning stage before the project started.

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3D BIM for Layout

Vico layout manager can accurately point out the layout point in the virtual model to assure

that the building components have been set up in the correct position as defined by model.

Besides, it can also help in speed up the installation of the work and eliminate cost to rework.

3D BIM for Quantity Takeoff

Vico Takeoff Manager is able to use

geometry analysis algorithm to scan

the 3D model content and it will

automatically create takeoff items.

Therefore, the schedule and

estimating construction cost can be

derived based on a set of

construction-calibre quantities by

location from BIM models. Meanwhile,

there is no need to export and import

data as the data of takeoff by location

will automatically available in the Vico

Cost Planner and Schedule Planner modules. Besides, the ability to view the takeoff items is

to provide a clear feedback and make sure that there are no quantities are missed.

Whenever it makes any changes, it will automatically update the quantities after published.

Therefore, the cost planning and schedules are always accurate.

5D BIM Estimating

Estimators can use Vico Office Cost

Explorer to provide feedback about the

status of the project, communication

and understanding of project cost

variation to the owner in order to keep

the budget on track. The stoplight

colour coding makes it easy to identify

and compare design changes to the

target cost and actual cost. From the graphic below, red colour is represented over budget,

yellow colour is represented within range, green colour is represented on budget and blue

colour is represented suspiciously low.

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Vico Cost Planner is the cost calculation, estimating, and value engineering module. It

includes Vico Takeoff Manager which provides an accurate estimate within a short period.

Besides, Cost Planner also provides continuous cost feedback in order to keep the budget

on track. Cost Planner also introduces an innovative n-tiered 3D spread sheet; a unique

graphic scheme which enables us to gradually develop our cost plan from a basic abstract

level to a highly-detailed cost estimate. Vico Cost Planner also includes a Library Manager,

which allows to store a collection of standard of own historical data and reuse it in estimating.

Limitation The limitation of Vico software is it doesn’t have the ability to automatically detect the

collisions between different models as you put them together.

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Nomitech CostOS

CostOS can be used to estimate the cost of a project at various stages. For example, from

Concept phase to the Tender Phase. It can be widely used by Contractors, Subcontractors

and Consultants. Besides, for those companies who wish to increase their competitiveness

by responding to estimating challenges more quickly, with less effort, more accuracy, less

risk, CostOS Cost Estimating is the recommended estimating software solution. Lastly,

CostOS enables 2D (PDF, CAD, BIM and GIS) takeoff.

Function 1) CostOS 2D Extraction

CostOS 2D Extraction is a Quantity Takeoff Module that is integrated with CostOS

Estimating. It can support measurements on different type of files, for example PDF, TIFF,

JPEG, DWG, DGN and DXF drawings. In this software, it allows many users to work on the

same project at the same time as it is multiuser. Therefore, it is time saving compare to other

software. The quantities of the materials are fully coordinated with the Bill of Quantities.

Besides, it can also support the custom measurements, such as ducts area, slab rebar.

Lastly, the amount of quantities can be connected with CostOS Parametric Models or Smart

Assemblies.

2) BIM & GIS Modules

BIM and GIM modules enable the quantity takeoffs on maps. It is very useful for early phase

conceptual projects. For example, infrastructure projects, pipelines and highways. Besides,

BIM can measure the quantities in simple but visual way. Just navigate through the

geometrical model, use the ‘estimate what you see’ method to calculate and perform the

takeoff from the 3D model. Furthermore, IFC files is allowing to import models from BIM

systems such as ArchiCAD, Autodesk Revit, Bentley Architecture and All Plan as it has store

the relationship between model classes and cost database. Lastly, CostOS can also ensure

that no item is missed out.

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3) International Estimating

CostOS can integrate with cost estimating database or on-line databases. With CostOS,

whether doing a local or international project, it can get the current and updated exchange

rates from the internet and coordinate the estimate automatically. Besides, CostOS can also

records the location of the resources and the suppliers used for future reference. CostOS is

able to import, export and synchronize the historical data that is stored in spreadsheets. It is

easy to import Bill of Quantities from spreadsheets and start estimating the project.

Furthermore, formulas in Excel are also supported in import and export format. Lastly, Excel

has a system like Palisade Risk for risk analysis to the models.

4) BCIS: The RICS Building Cost Information Service.

BCIS is a provider of cost information to the construction industry. BCIS has been collecting,

collating, analysing, modelling and interpreting cost information .BCIS data can provide an

early cost advice, budget, benchmark projects and to prepare life cycle cost plans. Besides,

contractors can also use BCIS comprehensive resource price databases for day to day

tendering activities. Lastly, BCIS rebuilding cost data can also provide more accurate and

competitive premiums for buildings insurance.

Limitation 1) Difficulty of viewing different drawings simultaneously

The limitation of the CostOS software is it cannot compare the two different sheets of

drawings at the same time. This will be very difficult and time consuming when quantity

surveying need to in charge of the quantity take off.

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Comparison

Glodon Cost X Vico CostOS

Basic Features

Paperless estimating √ √ √ √

3D Model Visualization √ √ √ √

Editing of BIM models √ - - -

Support multiple image and file format

√ √ √ √

Auto-Revisioning √ √ - -

Quantity Take Off

Automatic quantity take-off

√ √ √ √

Auto update quantity √ √ √ -

4D & 5D Estimating - - √ -

Bills of Quantities / Workbook

√ √ - -

Certificate

IFC2x3 Coordination View V2.0

√ - - -

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Recommendation While BIM software production is emerging in the industry in the recent years, all software

has its own unique functions and limitations. By justifying from the comparison in the

previous page, Glodon is the recommended software to be adopted.

Viewing from the aspect of basic features of a BIM software, Glodon has it all. It provides

paperless estimating, which changes the conventional way of doing taking off and estimating

using piles of papers. Furthermore, it supports multiple image and file format, which include

IFC, DWG and PDF. Other than that, Glodon also enables auto-revisioning. Its unique

Reversely Check helps to trace the origin of quantities in BIM models, making it easy to

check and modify quantities. Above all, it does not only have 3D model visualization, but

also the only takeoff software in the world currently that enables the editing of BIM models.

This one of its kind function is really essential as it helps to deal with variations quickly by

only adjusting model information and performing calculation again.

Judging from its quantity take off functions, Glodon is able to do automatic quantity take-off,

auto updating quantity and directly transfers the quantity to Bills of Quantities. Glodon

Tender Series for Bill of Quantities able to identify paper BQ and link summary pages with

BQ item pages automatically to prepare e-tender efficiently. It also supports filtering BQ by

description, type, unit, etc., to help price or subcontract items. Despite the fact that Glodon

still incapable of 5D estimating, Glodon BIM 5D helps in project management. The BIM 5D

platform includes model data maintenance, model quantity analysis, workspace definition,

task model view, progress view, collision checking view, association model list, analysis

module change and subcontracts details, which is considered as a professional tool in the

industry.

By September 15th, 2015, Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS) has become

one of the few BIM applications to officially obtained both IFC2x3 Coordination View 2.0

Export Certificate and IFC2x3 Coordination View 2.0 Import Certificate of buildingSMART.

The above reasons show that Glodon is the most recommended software to be adopted.

Regardless, we should find the software which we find the most comfortable and suitable

with, be opened to various technologies and not restricted to the conventional way of doing

things.

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COMPARE BIM MANUAL MEASUREMENT CAD MEASUREMENT

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BIM

Preparation/ Briefing Stage

Benefits

1) Able to assess site planning/ analysis more easily

During the preparation stage, contractor can use BIM-based site planning to understand job

site constraints and a visual aid to communicate with the client. Once the site plan model is

developed, the main contractor could communicate the site plan to his sub-contractors and

workers using the 3D walk-through or renderings and the 4D simulations or animation videos.

2) Offer better visualization to ease the production of conceptual estimates and the function

to automate the generation of quantities and measurements directly from a BIM model

A BIM model contains 3D objects with geometrical information, and hence it is easier to

capture the quantities of the objects, the volumes and areas can be automatically and

instantly extracted. Quantities extracted then form the basis of an accurate cost estimate,

after linking and mapping them with the quantity surveyor’s internal built-in or external cost

database.

3) Using 3D model visualization tools to ensure better communication between different

stakeholders

Visualization provides a better understanding of what the final product may look like. Instead

of 2D drawings information is shared in the form of BIM model, which clearly communicate

the design intent to all the stakeholders that are involved in a building lifecycle.

4) 5D BIM

Using BIM in a 5D approach allows a strong vision to crystalize early in the process so each

element and detail of a build aligns with big picture goals. Thus, the entire project team

develops a clear understanding of the proposed design, assumptions and cost drivers.

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Constraints

1) Not flexible with construction cost variation

Although quantity take-off tools provide accurate reports of the components quantities, they

are not replacement for estimations. In order to produce a valuable and accurate estimate,

estimators need to asses beyond the quantities, the specific conditions of each project that

impact cost, such as unusual wall conditions, unique assembles and difficult access

conditions.

2) Limitation in calculation

For instance, in Revit, there is a weaken deduction function. For example, the deduction of a

column intersected with slab is handled confusedly. Secondly, there is a weaken finishing

handling capacity. For example, there is no calculation for skirting, wall finish, ceiling and so

on. Hence it is difficult to check the quantities of elements. This can affect the accuracy while

preparing the cost estimate.

3) High cost of software, hardware and training

When moving to BIM, it is not simply an annual software up-grade that the CAD users can

teach themselves. Building a BIM model requires the re-education of staff on how a project

is designed and documented. If the users are not properly trained, their chances of failure

are quite high.

Design Stage

Benefits

1) Improved efficiency of design procedure

BIM streamlines the design process, improving not only collaboration but the early

management and integration of expertise on the project. The application of BIM at the early

design stage greatly reduced wastage rates and design stage costs of the project whilst at

the same time accelerating progress.

2) The ability to create a detailed 3D model

BIM reduced the demand for paper drawings and their revisions. The use of BIM saw the

estimated reduction of 9,000 paper drawings in the design phase.

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3) Improved holistic communication

BIM has driven efficiencies across the whole design, contractor and supply-chain teams.

Thus, BIM has saved 15,000 hours collective man hours throughout the design development

progress. The use of BIM during the design stage especially enhances the collaborative

efforts of the team.

4) Reduced material usage

The use of BIM during the design stage enabled users and their supply chain to drive

efficiency into the structure design. BIM reduced the material requirements of the project by

8% consequently reducing the project cost and realising associated benefits such as

decreased embodied carbon.

Constraints

1) Require internal and external education to maximise efficiency and use of BIM

BIM provides the ability for every member of the team to be involved in the design and

modelling process, giving them complete control of the end product. Investment in training

for early adopters provides them a competitive edge with projects that have clearly specified

requirements to be documented utilizing BIM.

2) Required experienced team members

A dedicated BIM team member must have the knowledge to manipulate the sophisticated

model and address any changes. With such a large model and an inexperienced team

member, access to the design sometimes required two or three team members.

3) Transition from drafting to modelling

These tasks now require a higher-level skilled design drafter who has an understanding of

the project and the materials used. The costs associated with training and maintaining a

skilled design modeller are higher than a draftsman with no knowledge of the trade.

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Pre-Construction Stage

Benefits

1) Using 3D or 4D site coordination models

The planning through using BIM enhances site utilization, space coordination, and product

information. A 4D model can either include a site logistics plan or tools such as

SMARTBOARD on top of a virtual construction can be utilized to visually depict the space

utilization of the job site.

2) Better Assess in Constructability Analysis

By using BIM models, the project team can perform detailed constructability analysis to plan

sequence of operations at the jobsite. During modelling BIM model, the modeler can utilize

the clash detection function to find out the potential conflicts. The system will create the

clash detection report and then engineers can check these found potential conflicts and to

eliminate them.

3) 5D Cost Estimating

From building information models, the contractors can perform fairly accurate quantity

survey and prepare detailed estimates during the tender preparation stage. The estimators

are able to gain the required information quickly, which improves overall production.

Constraints

1)Time Consideration

BIM enhances the use of “design to build” and “build to design” concepts. The visualization,

fabrication, coordination, and construction planning were carefully studied. Due to the time

consideration of the project, extra attention to use of cost estimation, construction monitoring

and so on could not be given. Hence, further studies in these subjects are necessary.

2) Electronic Data Transfer – Data Sharing

Engineers and architects are reluctant to providing digital data to suppliers and contractors

because the data can be modified. A/E (Architecture and Engineering) want to protect their

data and work for liability and copyright purposes so “PDF” files are used. BIM gives access

of the model to suppliers for doing takeoffs.

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Construction Stage

Benefits

1) BIM in Prefabrication

Building Information Models provide this level accuracy by including the specifications,

sequence, finishes, and the 3D visual for each component. Furthermore, it is used to virtually

coordinate the location and routing of the products. Based on this information, the products

can be detailed using the fabrication software.

2) GPS Technology in the field

BIM is progressing from the office environment into the field. Contractors are starting to use

various applications to automate and use computers to control process, mitigate risk and

human error.

3) Laser Scanning

Laser scanning technologies can help capture as-built construction and assist the project

teams and renovation project. Laser scanning has a direct benefit of reducing time and

providing more accurate information.

4) Machine Guided Technologies

Trimble GPS units can be installed on the blade of earth-moving equipment, and linked to

the satellite to convey its geospatial position, including the unit’s coordinates, blade pitch and

angle. These measurements then can communicate with a three-dimensional BIM model,

which can automate the adjustments needed to control the work being done by that machine.

Constraints

1) Time Consuming

For a particular project, BIM based schedule included 32 main activities and 270 subtasks

which consisted of use of 160 building elements. Overall, the schedule updating can be

costly and time consuming and the construction manager must make a decision on the value

of the BIM based scheduling based on the needs of the project.

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2) Disruptive

Although one of the advantages of using a BIM model is that changes can be made quickly,

BIM can disrupt the general procurement and construction process when ordering items that

require a long lead-time.

Post-Construction/ Completion Stage

Benefits

1) Easy access into Facility Management Operations

The fundamental benefit of a BIM model is that it provides information about a building and

its spaces, systems and components. The overall goal is to transfer these data into facility

management operations. In this manner information about building systems and equipment

can be accessed by simply clicking on an object in a BIM model.

2) Record Model

Construction Managers can provide a record Building Information Model to the owner at the

end of a project. The model includes the integration of the as-builts from the subcontractors.

Furthermore, each object property in the model can also include links to submittals,

operations and maintenance, and warranty information. Centralized database can help the

facilities department to find information easier.

Constraints

1) Challenging

The interoperability of the record model with various applications could potentially be a

challenge. Furthermore, the owner needs to be willing to allocate funding to train employees,

update and maintain the record Building Information Model.

2) Absence of cooperation amongst the project stakeholders for model utilization and

modelling

The contractors and designers do not know or familiar about the documents and other

information required for the phase of facility management. Also, lack of operational

knowledge and experience of these existing buildings has a huge setback for designing the

phase for consideration accounting to.

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Manual Measurement PREPARATION / BRIEFING STAGE

BENEFITS

1) Cost Effective

Manual measurement is very cost effective as BIM and CAD measurement need to be

purchased while manual measurement would only cost mainly on the printing. Furthermore,

some of the firms are still utilising manual measurement.

2) No Training Is Required

Every fresh graduate is exposed to manual measurement. While BIM and CAD

measurement required trained skill so that QS could use it in a proper way. Therefore, firms

which are using software might have to spend extra expenses in order to send those fresh

graduates for a training programme so that they could comprehend the usage of the

software.

CONSTRAINTS

1) Cost Plan

At the preparation stage, QS might need to advise the client on the budgets and variations of

the particular project. Nevertheless, QS may require cost dare to create the cost plan. This

wouldn’t be a problem for experienced QS as they are experts based on their past

experience projects while young QS such as fresh graduates who are lack of real life

experiences might not be able to create a proper cost pan.

DESIGN STAGE

CONSTRAINTS

1) Human Errors

At this stage, variations might happen often as the design of the building might change due

to the requirement of client and thus, QS might need to make changes in the taking-off and

measure again according to architect’s new drawing. It goes without saying that this rapid

changes might cause QS to commit human errors such as miscalculating as they are

rushing to complete the cost estimates requested by the client.

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2) Time consuming

Manual measurement is practiced by using measurement tools such as scale rule and

calculator. This in turn will cause a lot of extra time as man power has limits and comparing

to programmed software, manual measurement will take extra time.

PRE-CONSTRUCTION

BENEFITS

1) Safer Way

Manual measurement has no obstruction such as power failure. QS cAN carry on their work

even if power down or computer system clashed as manual measurement are totally based

on paper works.

CONSTRAINTS

1) Human Errors

Coming to Pre-Construction stage, everything will be more complex and complicated as

there would be plenty of detailed drawing in a certain projects. In the same meaning, the

amount of elements to be taken off would be in huge numbers. Sometimes, human prone to

make mistakes when things go too complicated. Ultimately, a few minor mistakes or

miscalculations might lead to severe problems on the final cost.

2) Time Consuming

As mentioned on above, a whale of time is needed in order to calculate over hundred

drawings. Manual measurement has its very own limitation and thus this could cause a

longer period if there is a huge project to be calculated. This method is only suitable for small

project.

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CONSTRUCTION STAGE

BENEFITS

1) Safer And Secured

This is an important stage as contractor is mostly appointed during this stage which means

works are going to be commenced. Manual measurement will reduce the risk of information

loss as computer system might go haywire or files might not be saved properly. Thus,

manual measurement is more secured as all are hand written.

CONSTRAINTS

1) Accuracy Of Data

Software could identify errors easily compared to manual measurement as there is a

programmed system in the software. Thus, this is one of the constraints as accurate data

could provide an accurate final cost. Besides, there is a dimensioned restriction as manual

measurement doesn’t have 3D, 4D and 5D purposes like other software.

2) Time Consuming

Same as other stages, variations might occur and thus, changes have to be made. Manual

measurement consumed a lot time and indirectly, this will incur extension of time.

POST-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

As for post-construction stage, the constraint will be as same as the construction stage

which is the accuracy of data.

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CAD Measurement

Preparation Stage

Benefit

1) Better visualization of project than manual measurement

Project colleagues are more used to CAD drawings than manual drawings. Manual drawing

by hand can bring about perplexities in the group; different creators may have distinctive

style of drawings, while CAD estimation does not matter this, as it is electronic. Besides,

CAD drawing has better presentation to customers and partners, forestalling mistaken

assumptions to how the venture may look. Viewing electronic drawings can adjust its size

and determination dissimilar to manual drawing.

2) Accurate valuation through CAD drawing drafts

Quantity surveyor may experience serious difficulties from manual drafts, being uncertain in

the measurements or territories of specific segments in the undertaking. With CAD drawing

drafts, which even attract to scale, it disposes of this weakness.

Constraint

1) High Expense

There is free CAD programming, for example, QCAD, but for prominent ones, AutoCAD are

extravagant for clients. It requires additional overhauls as this could require the organization

significantly to spend more about the software. Additionally, some small companies would

spend more for large upgrades because it would require the client to adjust and overhaul

their aptitudes as this is the new knowledge for the beginners.

2) Deficiency of Material Backup

The programming does not have a backup framework. This would mean clients need to

spare their work physically keeping in mind the end goal to securely back it up. CAD

Software does not auto spare undertakings.

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Design Stage

Benefit

1) Quicken the measuring of irregular shape

In manual estimation, sporadic shape dependably must be separated into a few standard

shapes with the goal it should get the total region of the surface. In CAD estimation, QS

simply need to tap the limit of the unpredictable shape all together for the total area to be

measured.

2) Overlying of Sketches

The drawing of the past and reconsidered drawing can be covered on each other to decide

the progressions being made in this way and it helps the QS to roll out the improvements

with no trouble of looking into the past and reexamined drawing frequently.

3) Additional Overall Scope of Work

With the capability of CAD programming, QS expert firm has the ability to take up more

ventures as opposed to manual estimation. Consequently, it can help the organization to

create more money however the CAD programming might be exorbitant.

Constraints

1) “Polyline” Instrument

There will be just much less demanding of estimation for QS if the drawing is drawn utilizing

"polyline". This is because that CAD programming just permits drawing to be measured in

length rather than area of the item without the guide of "polyline" apparatus. Henceforth,

manual technique must be connected with a specific end goal to ascertain the area.

2) Changes has to be updated manually

During design phase, changes are regularly made. In this situation, QS needs to quantify

again the conformities being made furthermore overhaul again the amounts to the BQ that is

created physically. Due to its badly designed to the client, slip-ups are generally liable to

happen while redesigning the information.

3) Sketches cannot be quantified

Sketches are regularly being made by architects amid the design stage. In any case, the

mishap of CAD is that representations cannot be measured. Subsequently, manual

estimation is being utilized if the organization does not use BIM.

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Pre-construction Stage

Benefit

1) Accurateness in numbers

The measurement collected is more accurate as CAD drawings are produced in the actual

size. Thus, blunders of amounts because of use of wrong scale are impractical.

2) Data Managing

CAD software can manage effectively for certain projects. Graphic or non-graphic are in its

categories. Graphic is based to drawings of a scheme and non-graphic refers to data

basically are quantities and condition and all of it are managed systematically. This allows

the QS to refer to the data without hurdle. Using the data stored, cost analysis can be done

in this stage. If the architects decide to make changes to the design, the QS can easily

change the cost estimates.

Constraints

1) It only limits to measuring of numbers

The utilization of this CAD programming is just restricted to just measuring amounts. To

produce the Bills of Quantities, the amounts must be exchanged physically or sent out to

another programming that can create amounts.

2) Does not permit reappearance of identical object

If there are any rehashed objects in the CAD drawings, the capacity 'copy and paste' must

be utilized to empower the product to consequently quantify the quantities of the item. If this

is not held fast to, the product cannot have the capacity to catch and find the genuine

number of the same item.

Construction Stage

Benefit

1) Enhances correspondence process by means of clarity

CAD enhances communication forms. This can likewise be credited to the simpler

comprehension of the configuration and estimation. The straightforwardness and

consistency of the yield from CAD diminishes misinterpretations and instability in perusing

arranges. Since changes are simple on CAD, getting reexamined and overhauled

arrangements to the groups are simpler. 3D CAD can create different point of view

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perspectives of a structure or parts of a structure to give precise data about what is to be

fabricated, making development proficient

2) Standardization technique

CAD adjusts to industry and organization gauges, and has institutionalization of

methodology. The intuitive CAD frameworks help in institutionalization outline, drafting and

documentation strategies. This disposes of perplexities as to what methodology are to be

taken after.

Constraints

1) Measurements are limited

There might be estimation impediments for CAD. 2D drawings are measured for the unit of

estimation that require 2D outlines only, while for 3D drawings, extra endeavors are required

to ascertain estimations, for example, volume.

2) Operating expenses on site

The utilization of CAD at development destinations may struggle organization money related

administration strategies. While most organizations charge computer advantages for

undertaking overhead, CAD altogether builds robotized costs. Venture supervisors who go

for keeping their overhead low will shy away from the extra cost on the task.

Post- construction Stage

Benefit

1) Data Management

CAD software helps with organizing and managing of the data for the use of project teams

and others. It can fasten the design’s changes during the every stage and thus final account

can be done using the data available.

Constraint

1) Require personal skill

Improper utilized of squares and layers may prompts blunder amid redesigning the

adjustments in configuration.

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CONCLUSION By and large, BIM provide a lot of benefits in a whole. This should be widely used as this

creation has eased our jobs. Providing more accuracy and higher quality of work, BIM

should be practiced in every firm.

Through this assignment, we comprehend and acknowledge that BIM provides fast, effective

and efficient quantity take-off and cost estimation. It produces reliable and accurate

quantities as well as competitive cost estimates. Besides, BIM functions as auto computation

of calculations reduces human errors. Also, it generates cost estimation reports categorized

according to areas, blocks, concrete grades, subcontractor and other relevant reports and

this increases the speed of deliverables. Improving visualisation of the elements/items for

measurement and minimise omissions. BIM enables hand over project to another party more

quickly and reduce double handling. This has indirectly enhanced communication and

collaboration amongst team members. Lastly, this improves cost database management

which reduces loss of information.

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