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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

THE DESIGN SCHOOL

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)

SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING

(CSC 6063)

ASSIGNMENT 1 GROUP COURSEWORK

NAME STUDENT ID MICHAEL CHANG VUI LOONG 0319198 LEONG KARR KHEI 0324362 NGEOW XUAN YING 0323113 LOH WEI LING 0319225 LOH PEY MUN 0318572

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ASSIGNMENT 1 The aim of project is to expose students to different types of software programs available in the construction market and their limitations in usage. Students are required to prepare a report on:- A) Compare the functions and limitation of BIM QS computer software in the market. Summaries your information and recommend the best BIM QS software with supporting reasons and data. B) Compare benefits and constraints of Building Information Modelling (BIM), CAD Measurement and Manual Measurement in:- I. Preparation / Briefing Stage II. Design Stage III. Pre-construction Stage IV. Construction Stage V. Others Submission Requirement: Documentation& Presentation • A4 bound report complete with visual and photographs inclusive of detailing and documentation of your project. • Word processed, font size 11, Arial, 1.5 spacing with maximum of 25 pages. • Softcopy is required to be attached with the hardcopy. • Group presentation with power point slides

Assessment Criteria Breakdown of marks: A) Compare the functions and limitation of BIM QS computer software in the market.

Summaries your information and recommend the best BIM QS software with supporting reasons and data. – 60 marks

B) Compare benefits and constraints of Building Information Modelling (BIM), CAD Measurement and Manual Measurement in: - 40 marks I. Preparation / Briefing Stage II. Design Stage III. Pre-construction Stage IV. Construction Stage V. Others The assessment for this project will be based on your:- • Demonstrated understanding of the project brief • Quality and clarity of the documented drawings/photographs and detailing of the system • Materiality and richness of contents • Clear visual and written communication of your understanding of the project • Appropriate use of drawings/photographs standard e.g. symbols/profiling, label and specifications

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART DESCRIPTION

1. Introduction

2. COST X

A 3. Vico Office

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4. Glodon

5. Ultimate Quantity Take Off

6. COMPARISON CHART

7. RECOMMANDATION

8. Preparation Stage

9. Design Stage

B 10. Pre-construction Stage

19 - 25

11. Construction Stage

12. Other Stages

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INTRODUCTION

BIM stands for Building Information Modelling. BIM helps surveyors to conceive a building’s

structure, design and process beforehand through an entirely computerized or digital model. It

helps facilitate the decision making process and plan the finer details of a building’s

infrastructure before the build begins.

BIM is another link in the ever increasing chain of digital technology, which is quickly weaving its

way through the construction industry, sparking a digital revolution which is making way for a

revised approach to company approach and process. It offers welcome advancements to the

construction industry, providing firms with a fresh set of innovative challenges and redefining

roles and processes for many construction professionals.

BIM can assist greatly in making greater efficiencies and aids particularly with cost estimation,

time projections, materials analysis and supply, subcontractor liaison and plays a crucial part in

determining the order of key elements of a project’s build. It also facilitates the process of

making changes in design or layout and conveying these to the project owner. This enables

quantity surveyors to carry out their roles more effectively and efficiently, increasing productivity

and ensuring a more thorough approach to individual projects. BIM has also been praised for

the time it has saved QS’s in carrying out their daily tasks. In some situations, it has freed them

up to give more time to project management, allowing them to adopt more advisory roles in

areas of procurement, building materials and off-site construction measures.

The following illustrates the five types of BIM computer software to be studied in this paper:

1. CostX

2. VICO Office

3. Glodon

4. Ultimate Quantity TakeOff

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2.0 COST-X

CostX® delivers unique bi-directional links between the estimate and the sections of the drawing

represented. It is now widely spread use amongst quantity surveying, construction, development,

subcontracting and estimating firms, both large and small, around the world. From its first

release in July 2004, CostX® sales have grown exponentially and it is now sold and supported in

over 80 countries including the UK, Ireland, Australia, USA, UAE, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong

Kong, New Zealand and across Africa.

2.1 FUNCTIONS

2.1.1 Supports Various Types of Files & 3D Model/BIM

CostX® supports scanned, PDF or CAD drawings and 3D/BIM models – all without the need to

buy CAD software and altering of the files. Furthermore, it also supports various drawing files

formats such as DWF, SWG and IFC. Hence, it allows extraction of quantities and measures

through existing project drawings as it is compatible with most of the industry drawing standards

including Revit support.

Figure 1: House plan in DWG form Figure 2: House plan in PDF form

2.1.2 3D Projections Dimensions in 2D drawings can be illustrated in a 3D structure by clicking onto “View in 3D”

button. The area in red colour signifies the area that needs to be deducted; they are normally for

amendments for the height of the doors and also windows. 3D mode enables users to visualize

and inspect on any parts they may have missed out during measuring process.

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2.1.3 Auto-Revisioning CostX®‘s Unique revision mode allows comparing of drawings and highlights the changes to

identify revisions and update quantities. The live links carries out their job in this construction

estimating software when the revision occurs.

2.1.4 Network Capability CostX®‘s network capabilities allow multiple users to work on the same project at once. This not

only shortens the time required to complete a project, it also increases productivity. As a few

users can work on the same project at once without the need of merge of CostX® files or

duplicate multiple drawing imports.

2.1.5 Paperless Estimating

CostX® Viewer allows us to view our estimates and reports without paper copies. It also

provides a safe and user friendly format for the quantity surveyors to share their jobs to their

clients.

2.1.6 2D & 3D/BIM Takeoff

CostX® allows 3D graphic to be read in parametric beam model. By allowing immediate

extraction of object properties along with the correct quantities shown together. Dimension and

quantity will be shown instantly when the pointer is moved to the required part.

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2.1.7 Workbook Live-Links to Drawings Cost plans, estimations, tenders and bills can be created by using the spreadsheet based

workbook where it live-links to the drawings. Amendments in measurement or geometry of the

building will be detected and alteration will be done in the workbook if there is any modification.

Other than that, the workbook can be prepared in a few layers for better understanding. A clear

view of the overall cost enables instant adjustment made if necessary.

Figure 1: Different type of cost plan can be created and easily view in the workbook.

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Figure 2: This shows how many layers of spreadsheet are available in this workbook

2.2 LIMITATION • Requires certain investment plus human resources, example: Overhead cost.

• Initial setup cost example: Computer, Software, Network Costs etc.

• Considerable computer specification is required for 3D graphics.

• Design errors may lead to discrepancies in measurement.

3.0 VICO OFFICE

Vico Software, Inc. was founded in 2007.Vico Office is the first purpose-built construction

software which allows users to plug in the BIM application of their choice and then perform a

constructability analysia,quantity takeoff,a model-based schedule,a model-based estimate and

on-site production control all in an integrated workflow.

But what really makes Vico Software unique? It is the tight integration between model geometry

and the quantities,cost and schedule of the building projects.This means that every time the

design changes in construction,the schedule and estimate are immediately updated.A

contractor’s traditional practice can take several weeks to produce the same answers.

3.1 FUNCTIONS

3.1.1 2D to 3D Change Management

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Vico Document Controller identify change,addition and deletion in documents and models.It

enable users to compare the 2D drawings with the 3D model before work sending out for

prefabrication.It also allows the 3D model to be compared with the 2D contract document which

bridges the gap between the model and paperwork for the final checking.

Vico Document Controller

3.1.2 3D BIM for Clash Detection This is a feature known as Vico Constructability Management which has the ability to identify

clashes in the drawings thus shorten the schedule and saving the budget from costly re-

work.Besides,the leader can quickly define common and even complex comparisons, save them

and re-run the comparisons when new model versions become available.

Vico Constructability Management

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3.1.3 3D BIM for Layout

Vico Layout Manager can accurately identify the virtual model critical points on model to match

the jobsite physical points.By using this layout,building elements can be installed in the correct

location with minimal time consumed.

Vico Layout Manager

3.1.4 3D BIM for Quantity Takeoff

Vico office suite also offers Vico Takeoff Manager.It has an unique geometry analysis algorithm

which used to scan the 3D model content.Moreover,it will automatically create takeoff item with

a defined set of construction-caliber quantities required for construction cost and schedule

planning. The takeoff items that can be clearly viewed that provide feedbacks and give the

confidence that no quantities are missed out.

On the other hand,there is no need to import and export data where the takeoff data is

automatically available in the Vico Cost Planner and Schedule Planner modules.With this

approach,cost planning and schedules are always reliable and up-to-date.

Vico Takeoff Manger

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3.1.5 5D BIM for Estimating

Estimator is allow to use Vico Cost Explorer to practice tight control over the project’s budget

that provide feedbacks about the status of project ,communication and understand the project

cost changes in order to keep the budget stay on track and show the owner when and where

the budget is being impacted.The cost breakdown of a project budget represented by nodes in a

tree.These nodes are colour-coded based on their status compared to set targets.From the

graphic below,blue colour is represented suspiciously low,green colour is represented on

budget,yellow colour is represented within range and red colour is represented over budget.

Futhermore,estimator can use Vico Cost Planner to do cost calculation,estimating and valur

engineering module.It utilizes Vico Takeoff Manager to provide high accuracy estimation within

a short period of time.Besides,Cost Planner also contribute cost feedback throughout all

phrases of project in order to make sure the project budget is keep on track.Vico Cost Planner

also introduces an innovative n-tiered 3D spreadsheet which enable us to develop our cost plan

from a basic abstract level to a highly-detailed cost estimates.

Vico Cost Explorer & Vico Cost Planner

3.2 LIMITATIONS

Vico Software does not have the ability to detect the collisions automatically between the

models when they are put together.By using this modeling method,only one model file can be

operated at one time.Therefore the downside of using Vico Software is that it consumed more

time to complete a 3D model.

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4.0 GLODON

Glodon is one of the leading providers of construction IT software and solutions in China.

Founded in1998, Glodon 3D graphics technology, BIM solution, cloud computing technology,

and management platform are very advanced.

Based on the construction engineering and in line with the whole life cycle of the engineering

project, Glodon offers the world-class products and services, which take 4MC (Project

Management-PM, Building Information Modelling-BIM, Data Management –DM, Mobile

Application –MA, and Cloud Computing - CC) as the unique advantage. Glodon products are

widely used in such three major sectors as civil building, industrial engineering and

infrastructure.

Besides, Glodon Software Company Limited provides a few main products that are widely used

by the Quantity Surveyors. The few main products are such as: Glodon Takeoff for Rebar (TRB),

Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME), and also Glodon for Architecture and

Structure (TAS).

Advantages of Glodon:

• Optimization of materials and reduce wastage during construction. • High efficiency and productivity. • High level of security. • High traceability. • High Flexibility. • Seamless information flow. • Paper-less production.

4.1 Glodon Takeoff for Rebar(TRB): A BIM software for measuring quantities for rebar products.

Glodon Takeoff for Rebar, also known as TRB is a suite of quantity calculation software based

on the Building Information Modelling (BIM) Technology, which is embedded with

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groundbreaking 3-dimensional measurement and calculation rules, including British Standards

and Uniform Building By-Law. Hence, this allows the users to perform quantity taking-off from

electronic drawings and images with immediate 3D visualization effect which provides accurate

results for each element and component in the real time. There are two modules available for

different purposes: Tender and Pre- Fabrication. The calculation of the quantity requires less

data and formulae input by the users. Therefore, the accuracy of the result is higher with

minimal undesirable careless mistakes.

The software provides a series of amazing quantities processing methods and functions

addressing quantity surveying tasks in various stages of construction such as construction cost

estimating, value engineering, project tendering, tender bidding, project post contract

administration as well as final account quantity re-measurement.

4.1.0 FUNCTIONS

Features and Key Functions:

• BIM – Base Measurement software • Built-in calculation setting based on British Standards and Uniform Building Bye-Law • Interchangeable calculation mode between tendering and Prefabrication mode to address different requirements. • Import 3D model from TAS to calculate rebar quantities. • Produce 3D model by identifying CAD entities • User-friendly interface • Produce Rebar Schedule for fabricator on site. • Calculation result with detail breakdown • Various reporting format. 1. Efficient • Build 3D model rapidly based on drawings imported. • Supports various drawing formats (*.DWG, *PDF, JPG, etc.). Model sharing between TAS and TRB for collaboration work. • Elements are linked automatically for deduction and anchorage calculation integrally. • Convenient in variation with synchronization between models and quantities. 2. Precise • Built-in localized calculations rules as in different markets, e.g. BS, ACI, etc. • Customized calculation settings. • 3D Model for precise deduction calculation. • Precise calculation with special structure by built-in algorithm. 3. Easy • Flexible reporting system. Supports import and export Excel files. • Convenient in auditing results.

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4.2 Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME)

As a MEP quantity takeoff software product for building projects, TME2015 is easy for M&E

quantity surveyors to learn. The software can take off quickly for CAD and other drawings, and

calculate all devices in a drawing with one click, identify pipes, wires, cables and ducts

automatically, addressing issues such as cumbersome manual measurement, difficult audit and

low efficiency in quantity takeoff for construction, quantity checks for settlement and the stage of

tender. TME 2015 is efficient, accurate and easy.

TME is one of the modules in Glodon quantity taking-off suite that would allow the user to carry

out the 3D measurement for the following:

Water and Waste Water: Sanitary Ware, Water Supply Equipment, Pipe Line, Joints and Parts, Valve and Flange. Ventilation and Air Conditioning System: Ventilation Equipment, Air Duct, Joints and Parts, Air Conditioning Water Pipe, Joints and Parts. Electrical System: Lighting Fixture, Electrical Equipment, Switch and Socket, Lightning Protection System, Distribution Cabinet, Wire and Cable Conduit and Busway.

Firefighting System: Fire Hydrant, Sprinkler System, Fire Protection Equipment, Pipe Line, Joints and Parts, Valve and Flange, Distribution Cabinet, Wire and Cable Conduit. Gas Distribution and Heating System: Heating Appliances and Equipment, Gas Appliances, Pipe Line, Joints and Parts, Valve and Flange. Weak Current Distribution System: Appliances and Equipment, Distribution Cabinet, Wire and Cable Conduit.

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4.2.1 FUNCTIONS Features and Key Functions:

• One button to measure equipment. Identify thousands of equipment in CAD, PDF drawing in just minutes.

• Auto- identify complicated pipes and circuits, and generate vertical pipes.

• Built-in customizable calculation rules. Provide calculation rules of different disciplines and support customization.

• Reverse check to analyze quantity difference. Enable to locate entity from report fro checking quantity.

• Provide quantity summary and classified report by location.

• 3D model, visualized MEP. Visualized entities for dynamic review; import TAS project for more vivid model. (1) Module Navigation Bar

Project Settings consists:

1. Project Information 2. Floor Settings 3. External Billing Quantity 4. Calculation Settings 5. Others

Title Bar - From left to right, it displays icon of TME2014, file name of the currently-operated

project (default file name and save path), Maximize, Minimize and Close buttons. Menu Bar -

Click menu name. The corresponding drop-down menu appears.

(2) Drawing Input

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Toolbar - It contains Common Toolbar, drawing toolbar, Auxiliary Axis Toolbar, View Toolbar, Modification Toolbar, Snap Toolbar and Element Toolbar. Element Tree List - You can switch among different element types and elements. Drawing Area - You can draw in the drawing area. Status bar – It displays various kinds of drawing status information. (3) Form Input

Form Input - You can create elements in each Element List and apply process to them, and then input corresponding quantity expressions or quantities directly. (4) Report Preview

Report List - You can switch among different report types and reports.

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4.3 Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS)

Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure also known as (TAS) is an efficient, professional,

accurate and easy BIM application for quantity takeoff, built on the independent R&D platform of

Glodon. With 3D models and built-in calculation methods of various countries and regions, it can

calculate quickly and automatically the quantities of earthwork, masonry, concrete, formwork,

scaffolds, steel structures, finishes, etc. and provide quantity surveyors with accurate calculation

results. TAS supports the import of IFC2x3 files. After the IFC files of drawings from the

designers are imported into TAS, the quantities of the related projects can be calculated and

obtained directly, making it convenient for quantity surveyors and cost estimators to determine

bid prices. TAS supports the export of IFC2x3 files. The files can be delivered to the

downstream participants of AEC industry and used by contractors, constructors and so on

directly. TAS is one of the modules in Glodon quantity taking-off suite that would allow the user

to carry out the measurement works for the following:

Structural Element: Column, Column Pier, Column Cap, Corbel Beam, Lintel, Coupling Beam, In-situ Slab and Precast Slab, Drop Panel Ramp Slab and Spiral Ramp Slab, Straight Flight, Staircase, RC Shear Wall, Structural Steel Roof System, Stiffener, Steel Frame System. Architectural Element: External Wall, Cavity Wall, Internal Wall, Partition Door, Window, Opening, Bay Window Hood, Niche, Sill, Coping.

Finishing Work Internally and Externally: Wall Finishes, Floor Finishes, Suspended Ceiling Finishes, Non-Suspended Ceiling Finishes, Isolated Column Finishes, Skirting. Work Below Lowest Floor Level: Site Leveling Area, Trench Excavation, Pit Excavation, Area Excavation, Lean Concrete Blinding, Raft Foundation, Strip Foundation, Stump and Footing, Pile and Pile Cap.

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4.3.1 FUNCTIONS Features and Key Functions:

• Finish measurement work by modelling instead of by Excel or by hand.

• Supports various drawing formats (DWG, PDF, JFC, GFC, JPG, etc.)

• Model sharing between TAS and TRB for collaboration work.

• Built-in Localized calculation rules as in different markets. (e.g. CP97, SMM2, SMM4, SMM7, ACI, etc.)

• Customized calculation settings.

• Flexible reporting system. Supports import and export of Excel files.

• Quickly handle variation orders.

• Compatible with Autodesk Revit format. (RVT)

• Compatible with popular 2x3 IFC format.

• Import and export “IFC. Format.

5.0 Ultimate Quantity TakeOff (UQTO)

Ultimate Quantity TakeOff is a quantity surveying tool that runs from inside Autocad (2010 to

2014). This quantity surveying software can simplify the Architectural, Civil and MEP quantity

surveying process by performing the following functionalities accurately.

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5.1 FUNCTIONS

5.1.1 Generates a unique group and code.

In UQTO, it will group the similar elements into 3 different groups, Counted Elements, Linear

Elements and Areal Elements. All elements that should be surveyed by count will be

automatically grouped into Counted Elements. For elements surveyed by length will be grouped

into Linear Elements, and by area will be Areal Elements. Each surveyed element in any of the

about surveying types is coded with a unique code that consist of a 2 or 3 code initials specified

by user and a number which represents the element serial count.

5.1.2 Produces a Tag/Dimension line for all element.

UQTO draws all codes, dimensions and required quantity parameters on each element on the

drawing, for example each linear element surveyed will have a tag (text object) beside it with the

unique code of the element and the dimension line on it, UQTO provides all required options

regarding layer,text style and height of the code tag (text object) & layer and dimension style of

the dimension line plus the direction that the tag and dimension line should be places (right or

left of the surveyed element.

5.1.3 Produces report.

UQTO will create a separate report for each element group for examples, beams, columns,

footings and etc

5.1.4 Export reports to Excel.

All the report generated by UQTO can be exported to Excel Spreadsheet. Perfect quantities of

spreadsheets can also be produced instantly.

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5.1.5 All surveying data are saved within AutoCAD DWG file.

All the data collected will be saved within AutoCAD DWG file devoid of any special file types or

other third party applications. No third party software program is needed to modify any

surveying data that can be delivered and opened through a third party program.

5.1.6 Get rid of copying the surveyed elements data manually.

Since all data can be export into Excel Spreadsheet with just a few clicks, this will simplify the

job of copying surveyed elements data one by one manually.

5.2 LIMITATIONS

5.2.1 Different Views

Normally, the BIM Software such as “Glodon”, “Cost X”, etc, would have a function call 3D

Views, which allow you to look at the things you measured in 3D form. But unfortunately, this

function is not included in UQTO.

6.0 COMPARISON CHART

Software Product

Functions CostX Vico Office Glodon

Ultimate Quantity Take

Off Quantity Takeoff √ √ √ √

Workbook √ - √ √

Supported Multiple File Format

√ √ √ √

2D BIM Modelling

√ - √ √

Auto updated

Quantity √ √ √ -

Auto Estimating √ √ √ -

Paperless √ √ √ √

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Software Product

Functions CostX Vico Office Glodon

Ultimate Quantity Take

Off

3D BIM Modelling √ - √ - Connection To Other software √ - √ √

Clash Detection √ √ √ -

7.0 RECOMANDATION

Quantity surveying is playing an important role within the construction industry. Jobs of the

quantity surveying practice are the measurement of the buildings and preparation of bills of

quantities (BQ). BIM software is evolving in the industry in these recent years. From the

comparison in the previous page, we can know that all software has its own functions,

advantages and disadvantages. Our group have decided to rate GLODON Software as the best

BIM software for quantity surveying.

This software provides few main products are such as, Glodon Takeoff for Rebar (TRB), Glodon

Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME), and also Glodon for Architecture and Structure

(TAS). Besides, all the products are featured by BIM Technology, user friendliness, high

efficiency, accuracy, and universality. BIM Technology means that Glodon can display the 3D

modeling as well as automatically convert 2D drawing to 3D model. Recently, Glodon still

incapable of 5D estimating and this helps a lots in project management. User friendliness

because it easy to learn and compare with traditional measurement method, the productivity can

improve up to 70%. Furthermore, the software can import and identify 3D model, AutoCAD,

PDF and other software. Compared with manual measurement, there are only 0.3%-0.5%

differences through calculation.

It provides paperless estimating, which changes the traditional way of doing taking off and

estimating using papers. Glodon software also very flexible because can reate tender quickly by

using Excel and standard projects, Identify paper BQ and also can load the quantities directly. It

also provide safety for user like allocate permission to operate project and control the tender

editing permission of different users. Page 9-15 have the details about the advantages of

Glodon. At last, above is the reason show that Glodon is the recommended software to be used

for QS. Thank You.

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8.0 PREPERATION STAGE / BRIEFING STAGE

8.1 ADVANTAGES

Building Information Model (BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement Provide better global vision of projects. • BIM makes it possible for the

client,neighbourhood residents,future occupants and also site workers to visualize future buildings much more concretely than on plans and have a clearer insight into the project.

Better outcomes through collaboration. • Project data are more easily

accessible through diverse BIM software which makes the sharing and control of project information more efficient.

• In other words,BIM gathers project members to decide and address onsite related problems more effectively.

Reduced storage space required. • Previously,paper drawings

would have required whole rooms to store the drawings for a building.

• Now this information can be stored on a single disk.

Designer can use CAD to make virtual reality simulations of the layout of their buildings. • This means that the client

can have a “look around” the building before it is built and changes can be made at the early stage.

• This results in a faster design of the building and a higher quality end product.

Cost Effective • It is the cheapest method

among the BIM and CAD Measurement.

• As it does not require to purchase any software which is costly.

No addition investment of training program • As every quantity surveyors

know how how to do measurement manually which previously learn in respective universities but they might not know how to use software to do measurement so additional training is required for them to master the software.

• Thus,hiring cost of professional to teach them is required.

8.2 CONSTRAINTS

Building Information Model (BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement Cost of software. • BIM software requires a

substantial investment in new technology. The advantages usually make the investment worthwhile, but only if the software is used to its full capacity..

• The expense is an inhibition to smaller contractors who can’t afford it.

The initial costs of buying computer systems are always quite high. • When initially starting,

factors like hardware, software and location may be required which translates into high expenses.

Risk of errors • The risk of errors is greater,

especially in repetitive work like payroll calculation.

Quality of output • Quality of output is less

consistent and often not well-designed. At worst, hand written records may be illegible and so completely useless.

• Poorly presented information may fail to communicate key points.

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Incompatibility with partners. • BIM is not yet universally

used among construction professionals. There is always the possibility that one of your partners or subcontractors may not use BIM and may not be able to use your models.

Lack of experts. • Limited numbers of experts

working in the field due to the newness of software.

• So it may require an additional investment in training and education.

Information can be instantly lost or corrupted if a computer problem occurs and there are no backups. • The software does not have

a backup system. Users needs to save their works each 30 minute constantly so that data will not lost.

Alterations. • It is difficult to make

corrections. If a manual documents contains errors or need updating it is often necessary to recreate the whole documents from scratch, rather than just a new version with the relevant details changed.

9.0 DESIGN STAGE

9.1 ADVANTAGES

Building Information Model (BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement • For the client, BIM makes it

possible to visualize future buildings much more concretely than on plans and have a clearer insight into the project.

• From the project team’s point of view, BIM helps design difficult аreаs such аs drаinаge systems on structures or interactions between the vаrious items in a building аnd makes it eаsier to visuаlize geometry in complex аrchitecturаl works.

• BIM combines аll dаtа linked to

аrchitecture, infrаstructures and technical building trаdes and it аutomatically recovers quаntities

For example, BIM provides cаlculations for totаl heаt loss and consumption with regаrd to thermal regulаtions.

• With CAD, layers are equivalent to transparent overlays. As with overlays, you can display, edit, and print layers separately or in combination. They are also complied with industry standards.

• You can name layers to help

track content, and lock layers so they can't be altered.

For example, a building plan might contain separate overlays for its structural, electrical, and plumbing components. • CAD systems also able to

perform modeling cutaway drawings, in which the internal shape of a part is revealed, and to illustrating the spatial relationships among a system of parts.

• During the early stage and we are developing options with our clients to explore which one works best. Hence, by doing it with sketches we can quickly create different alternatives and pick out the best ones, saving effort, time and costs for us, but principally to our customers.

• One can draft their drawing

with the absence of a computer and may not need to worry when the software happens to have some problem.

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9.2 CONSTRAINTS

Building Information Model (BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement • BIM does not provide

systems such as structural and MEP details.

• The coordination process

results are not valuable that much because the only 3D model exist is the Architectural and there is no other model to compare with it.

• Improper use of blocks and layers make updating and modification of the drawings a troublesome task for another person.

• Drawings unable to

incorporate information about the nature of materials—their weight, tensile strength, flexibility, and so on—into CAD software.

• Though one can manually create a 3D model, it wouldn’t look as realistic as the 3D model generated by BIM and it may also be time consuming yet tiring.

• In manual drafting, all the objects

drawn must be of correct size and alignment. Each object need to be manually verified and dimensioned as the slightest error can be dreadful to the whole project.

10.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

10.1 ADVANTAGES

Building Information Model (BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement

Uses 3D/4D Site Coordination Models

• Planning of Site Utilization, Space Coordination, and product information can be enhanced by using BIM.

Increase the Efficiency when preparing a Tender Document.

• Simplifies the pricing procedure and measurement as BIM consists of automatic quantity takeoff and estimation.

• Build up rates such as labor cost, plants and materials cost is reduced.

Better Assess in Constructability Analysis

• Sequence of operations at the jobsite can be plan accordingly as the project team can perform detailed constructability analysis.

Quality Produced is Increased

Produce Accurate Billing Quantities

• CAD drawings are produce according to the actual size, hence measurement produced will be accurate. Thus, blunders of amounts because of use of wrong scale are impractical.

Data Managing • CAD is able to manage

data effectively by categorizing it into two categories such as:

1. Graphic 2. Non-Graphic

• Graphic refers to drawings of a project.

• Non-Graphic refers to data such as quantities and specifications.

• Both graphic and non-graphic are grouped and arranged systematically.

Safer Way • Manual measurement has

no restriction such as Power Failure.

• Hence, measurement will not be affected due to power down or computer system clashed as it is totally based on paper works.

No Training Required • Fresh graduates of

Quantity Surveyor are mostly exposed to manual measurement as it is a compulsory core subject for them to master during their tertiary education compared to BIM and CAD software.

• Hence, no extra training program is required in order for the fresh graduated to take on the taking off duties.

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• Estimation of the cost is more accurate as it is based on actual elements.

• Inaccuracies can be removed.

• Increases the quality cost ration produced during pre-construction stage as it reduces errors.

• Cost analysis can be done in this stage by using the data stored.

• Hence, Quantity Surveyors can change the cost estimates efficiently according to the changes of the design by the Architects.

10.2 CONSTRAINTS

Building Information Model (BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement

Fail to achieve the Contract/Submission Requirement

• Some authority is not assured of the submission of building plans in BIM format, hence there’s a disability of using BIM in this stage.

Not Flexible with Construction Cost Variation

• BIM is unable to assess beyond quantities such as unusual wall conditions, unique assembles and difficult access conditions.

Diverted Legal Responsibilities • Mistakes caused by BIM

will be pushed from one party to another as there are no standard guidelines. Hence, it is important to take precaution by determining which party is responsible for the error made using BIM.

• BIM gives access of the model to suppliers fro doing takeoffs. Hence, Architects and Engineers are unwilling to provide digital data to suppliers as the data can be modified without the A&E’s consent.

Does not permit reappearance of identical object

• If there are any repeated objects in the CAD drawings, the function ‘cut & paste’ must be used to enable the software to automatically measure the numbers of the object.

• If this is not abided by the user, the software will not have the capacity to capture and locate the definite number of the identical object.

Limits to Measuring Numbers only

• CAD software is restricted to only measuring quantities.

• The quantities had to be transferred manually or exported to another software that can create quantities in order to generate the Bills of Quantities.

• Hence, this may allow mistakes to occur when transferring the data.

Time Consuming • A huge project requires a

longer period of time to calculate the measurement manually.

• Therefore, manual measurement is not recommended when manpower is limited and when measuring a big project.

Human Errors • The amount of elements

to be taken off in a project will be increase as it reaches the pre-construction stage. This is because there would be plenty of detailed drawing add in and everything will be more complex and complicated.

• Therefore, humans might prone to make minor/major mistakes and error when things get too complicated which could lead to severe problems on the final cost.

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11.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

11.1 ADVANTAGES

BIM CAD MANUAL MEASUREMENT

• Avoid Conflict BIM toolset helps mechanize clash detection of elements. By demonstrating all of these things first, clashes are exposed early, and costly on-site clashes can decrease. BIM also ensures a perfect fit of elements that are manufactured off-site, allowing these components to be easily fastened into place rather than created on-site. An Australian analysis found that BIM’s ability to detect and avoid conflicts prior to construction reduces unbudgeted construction changes by 40%.

• Prefabricated materials and pre-assembled components

BIM’s cultured modelling capabilities also allow contractors to make much greater use of prefabricated materials and pre-assembled components, which have well-recieved productivity and high quality .

• Reduce Mistake 65% of builders reporting and agree with that BIM technology effectively reduces rework, cost overruns and missed out schedules during construction.

• Measurement is more

accurate as CAD drawings are produces in actual size and error in quantities due to usage of wrong scale is eliminated.

• Easy editing of quantities

measured because duo to the similar with any other software, CAD contained function like block, entity area, copy, paste, delete, undo that facilitate the editing process.

• Increase the speed in

measurement quantities because CAD produced the semi-automatic ability to measure the quantities.

• Improve communication

process Cad improves communication processes due to the easier understanding of the design and measurement. This can reduce the misinterpretations and uncertainty in reading plans. CAD can generate clear perspective views of a structure to provide accurate information and makes the construction efficient.

• Save cost Manual measurement is the cheapest method compare with using software. Software is expensive and costly to purchase due to the convenience of the QS. • Skills is unlimited Every QS know how to exposed to manual measurement, especially the fresh graduate QS. So. Easily to hire and also no training required.

11.2 CONSTRAINTS

BIM CAD MANUAL MEASUREMENT • Communication

One important problem when implementing BIM as an essential part of your project is the cooperation and

• Objects must be “Polyline” If the object is not drawn using “polyline”, CAD can only measure the length of the line but not the

• Time Consuming Variations will happen sometimes. So, changes have to be made. Manual

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access to the model by everyone involved during the construction stages. Communication between the parties will breakdown because without a standard form, contractual documents and code practices of BIM, there might be some clashes between them.

• Transition from Drafting to Modeling

These will be the challenge to require a higher-level skilled design drafter who has an understanding of the project and the detail of every material used to make sure that all the components are coordinated with the other design professionals like engineer or architect and that site problem are decreases to a minimum.

area. This will affect the purpose of using CAD to measure as the QS have to refer back to the manual measurement of obtaining length and width to calculate the area of the element. • CAD limited to measure

quantities only. To generate BQ, the quantities have to transfer manually to another software that can generate quantities in a BQ format. • Not able to measure

quantities that are require three dimensions like volume, only can measure two-dimensional.

measurement consumed a lot time and indirectly, this will cause extension of time. • Accurate of the quantities Software can identify the error easily compare to manual measurement. Manual measurement will cause error because people will make mistakes sometimes.

12.0 OTHER STAGES

12.1 HANDCOVER AND CLOSE OUT

At the end of the day, the project manager should make sure this process goes on smoothly and

without any incident. There is a checklist of what is going to happen and when should it be

carry out during Handover and Close Out procedure.

There are several closeout and handover steps to be carried out once the project has reached a

stage of completion and these include:-

• Project Performance Evaluation • Closeout of the Project • Post Evaluation Team Debrief

12.2 IN-USE

‘In Use’ is a new phrase coined by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) for the 2013

Plan of Work. ‘In Use’ is described by the RIBA as a new stage within the Plan of Work which

includes post-occupancy evaluation and post-project. review as well as ‘…new duties that can

be undertaken during the In Use period of a building.’In fact, some of these services were

previously included in the stages L2: Initial Occupation Services and L3: Post Occupancy

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Evaluation Services. It is not clear what ‘new duties’ the RIBA is referring to, however

consultants might provide advice to the client post construction in relation to:

Where additional services are required after completion of the construction contract, these need

to be identified in appointment agreements, or new appointments made.

12.3 ADVANTAGES

(BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement

Data Management - One of the usage of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is to save and keep the information of a project. The information can be stored, such as Architecture Drawing, Mechanical & Electrical works, building measurement, Model of the Drawing, and much more. It provides a safety platform for saving information of the project.

Data Management - CAD Measurement provide the service of organizing and managing the various data of the project. The data saved, can be used for the future reference. Final account during Handover and Close Out process can be produced using the data.

Cost Saving - Manual Measurement is the best way for cost saving, because purchasing either BIM or CAD software will cost quite a fortune. No Extra Training Required - A graduated Quantity Surveying will at least have the ability to complete and understand Manual Measurement. So there is no need for extra training.

12.4 CONSTRAINTS

(BIM) CAD Measurement Manual Measurement

Training Need to be Provided - Extra training need to be provided as most of the major members of design team and Quantity Surveyor need to understand and operate the system. Therefore, there is an extra cost for inviting a guidance to guide the members.

Training Need to be Provided - As the time pass, there will be improvement on CAD software, that means the operator has to update their skills, the may lead to inviting a guidance to guide them. Furthermore, if there was an improper use of blocks and layers, updating and modifying of the drawings will be a troublesome task for another operator.

Accuracy of data - Since it was a Manual Measurement, and human wasn’t perfect and often make mistake, that means, the accuracy of the data might be a problem for future use.

• Letting. • Rating. • Maintenance. • Energy consumption and energy certificates.

• Insurance. • Tenants queries. • Facilities management.

• The preparation of tender documents for

maintenance and operation contracts.