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Architecture drawing
Frank Lloyd Wright, the famous architect, called architecture as “the mother of art”
"Without an architecture of our own, we have no soul of our own civilization”
What is architecture drawing?
• An architecture drawing is a technical drawing of a building to develop a designed idea into a proposal.
• It is essential for any construction project that falls within the definition of architecture.
• These drawings are used by architects, contractors, builders so they can understand and imagine the structure of the building and to construct it.
• It is also used to explain to clients the merits of the design. These drawings are being prepared as the work stage of project.
Size and scale
• typically drawn in scales that are smaller than the real size• usually shown in the title block of the drawing• different scales used in different parts of a drawing will be
indicated next to each drawing• largest paper size used in modern architectural practice is ISO
A0 (841mm x 1189mm)
Architect’s Scale
• a specialized ruler designed for drafting and measuring of architectural drawingi.e. floor plans and orthographic projections
• traditionally made of wood but nowadays made of plastic or aluminium
• features multiple units of length and proportional length increments
The photo shows measuring diagonally with a ruler from a wall corner to a wall corner on a site plan.
Perspective Drawing
Perspective drawing is a technique used to represent three-dimensional images on a two-dimensional picture plane.
Types of Perspective Drawing
• One-point perspective - where objects facing the viewer are orthogonal, and receding lines converge to a single vanishing point.
• Two-point perspective - reduces distortion by viewing objects at an angle, with all the horizontal lines receding to one of two vanishing points, both located on the horizon.
• Three-point perspective - introduces additional realism by making the verticals recede to a third vanishing point, which is above or below depending upon whether the view is seen from above or below.
Example of perspective drawing
Sketches & Diagrams
A sketch is a rapidly executed freehand drawing and it is not intended as a finished work. It is just basically a quick way of
recording and developing an idea.
A diagram can be drawn freehand but most of the time, it deals with symbols (the appearance, structure, or workings of something) to
develop the logic of the design.
What are the benefits of doing sketches & diagrams in architectural drawing?
• Both of sketch and diagram will be worked up into a more presentable form and used to communicate the principle of design.
• It helps the design architects to develop, explore and communicate ideas and solution.
• Both are essential tools for thinking, problem solving and communication in the design disciplines.
Example of the sketches & diagram : The gherkin
Types of Architecturial Drawings
Presentation drawingsSurvey drawingsRecord drawingsWorking drawings
Presentation Drawing
• Most basic drawing
• Usually hand-drawn
• To illustrate a design or to explain its functionality to a client
RANDOM CHURCH
Drawing of the Gherkin
30 St Mary Axe
London
Survey Drawing
• A drawing after the collection of data & specifications of a design
• On site data compiled onto paper
• To establish the dimensions for construction
• Measurements
Record Drawings
• As-built - Revised set of drawings made after completion, includes all changes in specifications
• Historical – Records changes (reconstruction, demolition, etc.) over a period of time, for studies and reference
• Of personal use or a wider use/publications
As-built Record Drawing
Historical RecordsThe Parthenon
Working Drawings
• A fully comprehensive drawing used in building construction
• Shows minute details (material layers, prefabrications, arrangement)
• Final set of drawing prior to construction
Location DrawingInclude General arrangements, floor plans and elevation of a project
Assembly DrawingShows how different parts/sections of buildings are put together
Component DrawingIllustrates self-contained components (windows, doorways) for installation
Drafting
Drafting is a universal graphic language that uses lines, symbols, dimensions and notes to describe a structure to be built.
Types of DraftingManual Drafting
Computer-aided Design
What is manual drafting and the tools?
Manual drafting is where all the drawings were manually produced, either by architects or draughtsman. There are so much of effort to do in this way because lines and lettering on the drawings must be of a quality that reproduce clearly. The drawings must be properly drawn.
• Drawing board/draughting table • T-square and set squares• Protactor • Compasses • Pencil• Different types of drawing pens
What is Computer-aided design and the benefits of using it?
Computer-aided design is a software to create drawings. Instead of drawing lines and lettering manually on the paper, CAD is being used most of the time today because it saves the time and it increases the accuracy of the whole drawing.
Benefits Explanation
Save time • Repetition can be reduced because complex elements can be copied, duplicated and stored for re-use
More accurate • CAD encourage a proliferation of detail and it increase the expectation of accuracy
Able to create all kinds of drawings
• From working drawing to photorealistic perspective views• Can create a three-dimensional (3D) model• Can be viewed from any direction to find the most useful viewpoints
Examples of computer-aided design & Autodesk 3ds Max
References
Definitionhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/planning/10-most-famous-architects.htm
Size & Scale
Standard Views used in architectural drawing
Perspective Drawing http://www.artyfactory.com/perspective_drawing/perspective_index.html
Sketches & Diagram http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/669/30-st-mary-axe-the-gherkin-london http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/swiss-re-headquarters-30-st-mary-axe/
Types of architectural Diagram http://www.archdaily.com/445413/the-gherkin-how-london-s-famous-tower-leveraged-risk-and-became-an-icon/
Drafting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing#Drafting