2. OUTLINE
2.1 Matter: Elements and Compounds
2.2 Atoms and their structure
2.3 Bonding
2.4 Chemical Reactions
3. ITs ALL MATTER
Section 2.1
4. Element
Substance the cannot be broken down into other substances.
28 man-made elements + possibly 6 more
5. Element
6. Compounds
7. Essential Elements
Twenty-five essential to life
Four make up 96% of ALL living matter
N O C H
Remaining 4% calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur
8. Trace Elements
9. Up and atom!
Section 2.2
10. Subatomic particles
Daltons
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
11. Isotopes
Elements with the same number of protons, but a different number of
neutrons.
12. Isotopes
Dating fossils.
Tracing atoms.
Diagnostics.
13. Question1
An electron orbital describes:
The orbit of an electron around the nucleus
The exact distance of an electron from the nucleus
A three-dimensional space where an electron can be found 90% of the
time
14. Question 2
Which electron has higher potential energy?
An electron in the first electron shell
An electron in the third electron shell
Both electrons have equal potential energy
15. Energy levels of Electrons
16. Electron Distribution
Valence electrons/shell
Inert
17. Electron orbitals
Three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the
time.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Bonding
Section 2.3
23. Question 3
Which of the following bonds can form between atoms of equal
electronegativity?
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Van der Waals interactions
24. Covalent
Sharing of valence electrons
25. 26. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds
Unequal sharing
27. Ionic bondS
28. Ionic bondS
29. Ionic compounds - Salts
30. Weak Bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Van de Waal interactions
31. Hydrogen bonds
32. Van der waals interactions
Asymmetrically distributed molecules or form hot spots of positive
or negative charge.
33. Molecular shape
34. 35. 36. Chemical Reaction
Section 2.5
37. Making and breaking bonds
38. Question 4
An electron shell describes:
The average distance of an electron from the nucleus
The potential energy of an electron
The orbit of an electron around the nucleus
39. Question 5
Match each of the following bonds with the phrase that describes
it.
Hydrogen bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one
electronegative atom to another electronegative atom
A strongly electronegative atom strips an electron from a less
electronegative atom
40. Question 6
Which electrons have equivalent potential energy?
The lone electron of a hydrogen atom and an electron of a helium
atom
An electron in the 2p orbital of the second electron shell and an
electron in the 2s orbital of the second electron shell
An electron in the p orbital of the second electron shell and an
electron in the p orbital of the third electron shell
