I hope you have a great summer! Here is your AP Biology assignment for next year’s class.

AP Biology is a difficult, college level, comprehensive survey class, and since the field of biology is so large we won’t have time in class to cover everything in the book. Please be warned up front that the class will require many hours of work outside of the classroom as well as occasionally staying late after school and/or coming before school. Each of you must complete this assignment before returning to school in August but you will get extra credit and start the class out right if you complete it and email it to me by the dates below, otherwise, in order to get complete credit you must turn it in on the first day of class.The purpose of this assignment is to get a “head start” on the year by covering some general “science” information and DNA chapters that we will not have time to get to during the school year. This will allow us to quickly go through Chapters 1, 6 and 16-17 in the Campbell Biology book. When we get back will be doing labs and have a unit test.

I am assuming all of you have internet access at home or at the library as well as an e-mail account. If this will be a problem then you need to come and see me in room 474 before school lets out.

The assignment has 3 parts and students who complete the assignments and email them to me on schedule below will start out the year with up to 25 extra credit points!

The questions generally follow the textSchedule

Part 1 due – Monday, June 13Part 2 due – Monday, August 1Part 3 due – Monday August 22 (the day before the 1st day of school)

In order to get the extra credit, the questions should be answered and saved in Microsoft Word in the following format- Chapter 1

1. answer2. answeretc.

and emailed to me by the above dates. Label the diagrams and hand them in the first day of school

If you write out the answers and give it to me the first day of school you will still get full credit.

How to answer the questionsa. Try to answer the questions in your own words. Don’t just copy down sentences from the

book.b. Don’t write essays, but don’t give a one-word answer if you’re given two inches of space to

write in. If you are asked to “briefly explain” try to do so briefly.c. Be aware of two-part questions, such as “List and describe…”d. i.e. means “that is”, or “in other words”. e.g. means “for example”e. I don’t expect that the average AP student to be able to read and understand every single

piece of information in these chapters. (If you could, you wouldn’t need teachers!) Do your best to answer each question. Don’t freak out if you can’t answer 1 or 2 questions here and there.

f. Put a star by the concepts that you would like the teacher to explain during class when we cover this material during August.

Part 11. The first part of the assignment is to go to http://bonnerbio.googlepages.com and

click on “Links” to find links to the sites listed in this assignment as well as an e-copy of this handout.

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I will use this site to communicate to the class during the summer, including announcements and common questions that students have that might make your assignment a little easier, so check the site once a week or so.

2. Send me an e-mail with your name, why you have chosen to take AP Bio with all of the extra work it requires, along with your previous science teachers. My email is bonnerbio@gmail.com

Part 21. Complete Chapters 1 and 6 2. email me the answers.

Part 31. Complete chapters 16 and 17 2. Complete essay.3. email it to me before school and get extra credit!

I hope your summer is safe and full of fun. I am looking forward to a great year in AP Biology!

Have fun,Mr. Bonner

Chapter 1 Exploring Life1. Briefly describe the unifying themes that characterize the

biological sciences.

2. Diagram the hierarchy of structural levels in biological organization.

3. Describe the two major dynamic processes of any ecosystem.

4. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

5. Describe the basic structure and function of DNA.

6. Why are regulatory mechanisms important to living things.

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7. Distinguish between positive and negative feedback.

Evolution, Unity and Diversity8. Distinguish among the three domains of life. List and distinguish among the

three kingdoms of multi-cellular, eukaryotic life.

9. Describe the observations and inferences that led Charles Darwin to his theory of evolution by natural selection.

The Process of Science10. Distinguish between discovery science and hypothesis-based science.

Explain why both types of exploration contribute to our understanding of nature.

11. Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data.

12. Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.

13. Explain why hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable but are not provable.

14. Describe what is meant by a controlled experiment.

15. Distinguish between the everyday meaning of the term ‘theory’ and its meaning to scientists.

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Summer Homework Ch 6 CELLS1. What is resolving power and why is it important in biology?

2. What sized objects are viewed with a LM?

3. What sized objects are viewed with an EM?

4. How does an EM work?

5. What is the difference between SEM and TEM and what is each one good for viewing?

6. Describe the process and purpose of cell fractionation.

7. Label the prokaryotic cell below – list structure and function.

8. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

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9. What is the etymology of prokaryote and eukaryote. (For example pro- means… and karyo means…..)

10. Why is surface area to volume such an important concept as it applies to the size of a cell?

11. For each of the structures below – note the specific structure and the function of the organelle or part of the organelle. The important concept is to note how the specific structure allows for the specific function to be accomplished.

a. Nucleus

i. Nuclear envelope

ii. Nuclear lamina

iii. Chromosomes

iv. Chromatin

v. Nucleolus

b. Ribosomes

c. Endoplasmic reticulum

i. Smooth ER

ii. Rough ER

d. Golgi Apparatus

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e. Lysosomes

f. Vacuoles

i. Food

ii. Contractile

iii. Central w/tonoplast

g. Endomembrane system – overall

h. Mitochondria

i. Mitochondrial matrix

ii. Cristae

i. Plastids

i. Amyloplast

ii. Chromoplast

iii. Chloroplast

1. thylakoids

2. stroma

j. peroxisomes

k. cytoskeleton

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i. microtubules

1. centrosomes and centrioles

2. cilia and flagella – include basal body

3. dynein walking

ii. microfilaments

1. actin

2. myosin

3. pseudopodia

4. cytoplasmic streaming

iii. intermediate filaments

l. Cell walls

i. Primary cell wall

ii. Middle lamella

iii. Secondary cell wall

m. Extracellular matrix

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i. Collagen

ii. Proteoglycans

iii. Fibronectin

iv. Integrins

n. What are intercellular junctions and why are they important?

o. Contrast plasmodesmata, tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.

CH 16 THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR INHERITANCE 1. Explain Griffith’s experiment and the concept of transformation in detail.

2. What did Avery, MacLeod and McCarty contribute to this line of investigation?

3. What is a bacteriophage?

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4. Label the diagram below and explain the Hershey Chase experiment.

5. What are Chargaff’s rules and how did he contribute to the understanding of the structure of DNA?

6. What two people are credited with discovering the structure of DNA and what role did Rosalind’s Franklin’s work play in the understanding of the structure of DNA?

7. Label the structure below:

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8. Why does adenine always pair with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA?

9. What is meant by the term that DNA replication is semiconservative?

10. Briefly describe how bacterial DNA replication accomplished?

11. What are DNA polymerases?

12. In your own words, what is meant by the term – DNA is antiparallel in arrangement”?

13. Define the following terms:a. Leading strand

b. Lagging strand

c. Okazaki fragments

d. DNA ligase

e. Primer

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14. Label the diagram below:

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15. Identify and label the diagram below:

16. List the functions of the following enzymes:a. Helicase

b. Single stranded binding protein

c. Topoisomerase

d. Primase

e. DNA Polymerase III

f. DNA Polymerase I

g. DNA Ligase

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17. Identify and label the diagram below:

18. Describe how DNA proofreads itself?

19. Label the diagram below:

20. What are telomeres and what is their purpose?

21. What role do telomeres play in aging and protecting us from cancer?

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CH 17 FROM GENE TO PROTEIN

1. Use the diagram below to note the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell – next to each label in the square – write the definition of the term.

2. Why does the “code” have to be in triplets and not singles or doubles?

3. What is the template strand?

4. Compare and contrast the codon and anticodon?

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5. What is the reading frame?

6. What evolutionary conclusions can be drawn from the similarities of the genetic code among living organisms?

7. Use the diagram below to understand transcription: Define all terms.

8. What is a transcription unit?

9. Describe the prokaryotic promoter and terminator.

10. Use the diagram below to demonstrate initiation of transcription at a eukaryotic promoter. Write definition of all terms in diagram.

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11. Contrast termination of transcription for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

12. Why is important that the promoter be upstream of the transcription unit?

13. Why is RNA processing necessary?

14. What does adding a 5’ cap and poly A tail mean and why is it important?

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15. Define the following terms:a. RNA splicing

b. Introns

c. Exons

d. Spliceosome

e. snRNP’s

f. ribozymes

g. UTR

h. Alternative RNA splicing

i. domains

16. Describe the structure and function of transfer RNA.

17. Why is the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase important to translation and protein synthesis?

18. What is “wobble”?

19. Describe the structure and function on ribosomal RNA – use the diagram below.

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20. Use the diagram below to detail elongation cycle of translation. Define terms.

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21. Use the diagram below to detail the termination of translation – define all terms.

22. What is an example of a post translational modification of a protein?

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23. What is a signal peptide?

24. What is a signal recognition particle?

25. Use the diagram below to highlight the signal mechanism for targeting proteins to the ER.

26. Know the functions of the different types of RNA in Table 17.1 on page 327.

27. Define the following terms:a. Mutations

b. Point mutations

c. Base pair substitution

d. Missense

e. Nonsense

f. Insertions

g. Deletions

h. Frameshift mutation

i. Mutagen

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28. Label the diagram below to help you study the “BIG” picture.

The AP Bio Exam will require you to write 4 FRQs (Free Response Questions) about topics you will learn during the year. The FRQs are basically informal essays, which don’t require the introductory paragraph, etc. like in English class. They are also a great way to review topics. For your summer work choose one FRQ topic from below and write about it and turn it in on schedule for EXTRA CREDIT(Oh Yeah!) or turn it in on the first day of class and we will grade them together at the beginnning of the year.

FRQs Choose 1

Ch 1An experiment on a species of small freshwater fish recorded their behavioral responses to differenttemperatures. Ten fish were each tested once, one at a time. To begin the experiment, a fish was removed from a stock tank (maintained at 22∞C) and placed in the temperature-gradient tank

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drawn below. After the fish had spent 30 minutes in the temperature-gradient tank, the section where the fish was located was recorded. Additional observations were recorded every 5 minutes, for a total of 7 observations per fish. A summary of the combined data for all 10 fish appears below.

(a) Summarize the outcome of the experiment.(b) Identify TWO variables that were not specifically controlled in the experimental design,

and describe howthese variables might have affected the outcome of the experiment.

Section Fish Per SectionA 9B 11C 34D 12E 4

CELLSCompare and contrast prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic and plant vs animal cells. Include organelles, structure, etc.

DNADescribe the biochemical composition, structure, and replication of DNA.

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