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India: Crown Jewel of the British Empire
Chapter 25 section 3
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New TopicsI. The Mughal Empire: 1526–1858
II. Company Rule: 1757-1858
III. The British Raj: 1858-1949
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I. The Mughal Empire
• Brief Facts• Decline of the Empire• Rise of Company
Rule• 40 Years of Anarchy
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A. Brief Facts
• Leaders traced back to decedents of Genghis Khan
• One of the great Muslim empires.– Sometimes tolerant– Sometimes not
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B. Decline of the Empire
• Aurangzeb, Last Great Mughal emperor dies in 1707. – Expanded Mughal borders– Devout Muslim, little tolerance
towards other faiths– Left 17 potential heirs that
fought amongst themselves– Mughal Empire declines
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C. Rise of Company Rule
• Internal fighting resulted in decrease in stability
• British East Indian Company emerges as a major player in politics– Had its own army– Had its own treaties and alliances with local rulers– Led by Robert Clive
• Eventually the BEI company became the dominant political force
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II. Company Rule
A. Origins
B. Provider of peace
C. Regulatory Act of 1773
D. The Companies Empire
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A. Origins
• Chartered in 1600 in order to increase trade in Asia.– Spices and tea
• By 1700 established trade in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.– Ports, factories and access to raw materials– Competed against French and Dutch
• Independent of British government.– Far away from England – Focused on trade
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B. Provider of peace
• Did maintain an army of Sepoys.– Hindu and Muslim Indians employed as troops.– Protect company interest and trade.
• 1757 Battle of Plassey – Robert Clive British commander – Wins region of Bengal and Bihar– BEI emerges as a political force.– Forms alliances with local princes.– Maintains stability.
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C. Regulatory Act of 1773.• "for the better management of the affairs of
the East India Company as well in India as in Europe."
• British government assumes indirect control of colony– Organized territories under a Governor General.
• First Governor General Warren Hastings• Lord Cornwallis
– Established a judicial system
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D. The companies Empire
• Britain developed India– Roads, Railways, bridges, canals and
dams.– Indians were taxed to pay for it.
• BEI Co. focused on trade and profit– Raw materials
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III. The British Raj
A. Indian Rebellion of 1857
B. Government of India Act 1858
C. The Indian Civil Service
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A. Indian Rebellion of 1857
• Hindu and Muslim Sepoy discovered animal fat was used in cartridges.– Some local princes support Sepoy.
• Britain helps Company to put down revolt.– Sikhs and loyal Indian Princes also support
British.
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Sepoy Troops
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B. Government of India Act 1858
• Parliament takes control of BEI and India• Created the Indian Civil Service.
– Professional administrators, not pirates– Prevent corruption and anarchy.
• Organized tax Collection– Streamline and normalize taxes.
• Improved the Sepoy and military.• Paramountcy was established.
– Local Princes recognized British dominance, but stay in power (indirect rule)
– Owed loyalty to British Crown
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D. The Indian Civil Service.
• At first was professionally trained British citizens who governed India.
• Eventually, educated Indians were used to administer India.– Comprised of Indian elite.– Resented 2nd class status.
• The Indian National Congress• The Muslim League
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IV. Why Britain was successful
• Improved Technology– Military– Communication– transportation
• 40 years of Anarchy weakened Indian leaders.
• The Power of Peace– British rule did bring stability
• Britain was united, India was not
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Terms
• Mughal Empire• Maharajah• British East India Company• Robert Clive• Battle Of Plassey• Regulatory Act of 1773
• Raj• Indian Rebellion of 1857• Sepoy• Government of India Act 1858• The Indian National Congress• The Muslim League
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