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1600-1750
BAROQUE
PERIOD
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Italy Baroco means contradictoryor paradoxical
Portugal Barocco means acrooked round pearl
What does the word
Baroque mean?
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What does the word Baroquemean?
The term baroque was not acomplement .
it originally meantoverdone too many notesin music, too much color inpainting, and too grand inarchitecture.
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It has come to include thefollowing definitions:Marked by elaborate
ornamentationAims to create a dramaticeffect
Appealing to the spiritthrough the senses
Enlarged space
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- Heightened sensuality
combined with spiritualityNaturalistic rather thanideal, emotional ratherthan rational
Conflict, paradox and
contrast, heightenedspirituality, livelysensuality
Ornate
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History:
Started in Italy and was
later accepted in Germany,France and Spain.
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Encouraged and supported
by the Roman Catholicchurch in response toprotestant reformation that
the arts, sculpture and musicshould communicate religious
themes
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Baroque Architecture &
SculptureThe Baroque style of
Architecture consisted of verybold shapes and masses. It canbe described as being very
dynamic and powerful withirregular shapes, colonnades,long sequences, large domes
and monumental staircases .
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There was also an emphasis
on color, light and shade. The
interior of these buildings,
usually a throne room or some
room of importance, were
beautifully painted an crafted.
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Baldacchino
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Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini(1598-1680)
Son of a sculptor, Bernini was
born in Naples. Bernini wasinspired by work from theHellenistic era. He was an
architect, sculptor, painter,craftsman and a kind of pyrotechnic for plays.
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Bernini created a new style
that combined manyconcepts from other
architectural styles.
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His style is most visible inthe church ofSt. PetersSquare. The concept of largedomes and colonnades can be
seen.
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Berninis Work
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Ecstasy of St. Theresa
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Cathedral ofToledo
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Trasparentean eighty
five foot hightabernacle tohold the
Eucharist
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BenedictineChurch at
Zwielfalten
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Baroque Churches in the
Phi
li
ppi
nes
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BAROQUE PAINTING
Caravaggio was the Bad Boyof Baroque, and spent much of
his time running from theaftermath of his legendary
temper.H
e often painted Biblestories (which included imagesof known models and familiar
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landscapes) by day, His style -
where he worked quickly fromlive models and paintedrealistically - represented aradical departure fromMannerism. Nearly every
Baroque painter emulated him,but he himself died young, on the
run from more turmoil.
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Caravaggio
Calling of Saint
Matthew
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Caravaggio
Entombment
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PeterPaul Rubens (1577-1640)
Hlne Fourment andHer
Children
Intimate,tender
PersonalizedemotionalityThe Rape of the Daughters of
Leucippus
Restlessenergy,sense of actionFemalenudity, ample
proportions
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Rembrandt,The Company of Captain
Frans Cocq (The Nightwatch), 1642
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Rembrandt Van Rijn,The Mill, 1650
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Frans Hals
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Dance MusicVermeer
Concert,
1665
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Velasquez,
Las Meninas, 1656
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Music of the BaroqueCommon traits:
Use of a Basso Continuo -harpsichord and cello
providing the base of thecomposition.
Emphasized contrasts intexture, pace and volume.
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Strong use of improvisation inboth melodies, and the
embellishments of thosemelodies.M
ost importantly-
if youhear a harpsichord, its almostalways Baroque.
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Baroque Composers
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George Frederic Handel
German-born composer andviolinist (1685-1759)
Was born in the same year,within 100 miles of Bachbut
they never metStarted law school in 1702 (left
after a year)
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Moved to Italy in 1706, thenback to Italy (in service of the
Elector ofHanover) in 1710.Handel worked in England,where the elector eventuallygained the throne (George I,1714)
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George Frederic Handel
Appointed director of RoyalAcademy ofMusic
Became a British subject in1727
Known for composing only afew operas (most famousRinaldao, 1711)
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Also composed, oratorios,
cantatas, Anthems (for theCatholic, Lutheran andAnglican Churches)Buried in Westminster Abbey(England)
Handel was a Germancomposer writing Italian operas
in England!!!
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Handels Water Music
Premiered in 1717 on the
Thames River, London,Englandon a BargehenceWater Music.
Orchestral3 Suites
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King George I threw a
big party (on a barge)asked Handel to provide the
musical entertainment(on a second barge)
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Handels Messiah
Oratorio
Premiered in Dublin, Irelandin 1742
At English premiere, King
George II was so excited byFor the Lord God
Omnipotent Reigneth,
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that he stood up. (HallelujahChorus from Messiah)
(English customthe Kingstands=you stand)Now, it is tradition to stand
during this portion.
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Johann Sebastian Bach
German-born composer,keyboardist, violinist, etc.
(March 21, 1685-July 28, 1750)His obituary (published 6 days
later) read, The loss of thisuncommonly able man isuncommonly mourned by all
true connoisseurs o music.
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Music had been thefamily trade for fourgenerationsBach had
little choice Worked asand organist
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Johann Sebastian Bach
1703 Worked as and church
organist (Arnstadt)1707 Worked at a larger
churchstill as an organist(Mulhausen)
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1708 Appointed courtorganist and chambermusician (later
concertmaster) to the Dukeof Weimar
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Bach later asked to be relieved
of duty. The angered Weimerimprisoned Bach for nearly amonth before allowing him toleave
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Johann Sebastian Bach-BWV
1717 Music Director court of
Anhalt-Cothen1722 Cantor ofSt. ThomassSchool in Leipzig
Works are catalogued by theBWV system
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BWV means: Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis or Bach Work
ListingCatalogued by WolfgangSchmieder
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Bachs BrandenburgConcertos
Six Concertos Concertos for
chamber orchestra, worksbased on an Italian ConcertoGrosso style
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Finished in 1721 and
presented to the Margrave(The lord or military governorof a medieval German borderprovince) of Brandenburg as agift
The Margrave neverthanked Bach for his work--or
paid him
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Bachs Passions
Passion-The Story of (the
Crucifixion of) ChristGood Friday, 1729, Leipzig
(St. Thomas Church) St.Matthews Passion, BWV244 was premiered (nearly 4
hours long)
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St. Matthew Passion isthe Gospel account ofSt.Matthew of the Passion ofChrist
Oratorio (w/ recitative,solos, chorus)
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Calls for large group (2choirs, each w/ their own
orchestra, several vocal andinstrumental solists)
Also wrote a Passionaccording to the Gospel ofSt.John, 1730
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Bachs Well-TemperedClavier,
The best known of Bach's
clavier works is the famousset of preludes and fuguescalled The Well-Tempered
Clavier. Part I (Book 1) wascompleted at Cthen in 1722,
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and Part II (Book 2) wascompleted at Leipzig around
1740. Each part consists oftwenty-four preludes and
fugues, one prelude and onefugue in each of the twelvemajor and minor keys.
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Bachs Toccata and Fugue in Dminor, BWV 565
Written for organ, king of
instruments (Bach)Freely constructed piece w/
virtuoso passages and an
improvisatory style
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(ABA) Toccata presented,
then followed by a fugue(VERY popular Baroque
instrumental compositionalgenre) and then the Toccata ishinted (ABa)
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Bachs Goldberg Variations (1742,BWV 988)
Another encyclopedic work
Series of 30 Variations
Canon, Fugue, and othermusical forms of the Baroque
Aria presents the melody(which is varied throughout)
in the bass
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Antonio Vivaldi
Known as the Red Priest,
b/c of his red hair.Worked much of his life in agirls orphanage.
Wrote over 400 concertos,40 operas (seria), 12 motets
W Th F S
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Wrote The Four Seasons
A series of 4 concertosAll have 3 movements: fast-slow-fastVivaldi also wrote a series ofsonnets (poems) to be read in
conjunction with theperformance of the concertos
as narration.
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The End