Text of BAROQUE MUSIC Baroque DATES: DATES: BAROQUE: BAROQUE: The Baroque period stretches roughly from 1600...
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BAROQUE MUSIC
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Baroque DATES: DATES: BAROQUE: BAROQUE: The Baroque period
stretches roughly from 1600 to 1750 (coincides with the death of
J.S. Bach.) From the Portuguese word barroco meaning an ornamented
piece of jewellery. First used to describe the highly decorative
style of architecture at the time.
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Fingerprints of musical style Early Baroque composers favour a
light, homophonic musical texture melody plus simple chordal
accompaniment; but before long, there is a return to polyphonic
(contrapuntal) textures. Early Baroque composers favour a light,
homophonic musical texture melody plus simple chordal
accompaniment; but before long, there is a return to polyphonic
(contrapuntal) textures. The basso continuo, or figured bass,
becomes the musical foundation for most types of piece providing a
purposeful bass-line (sometimes a walking bass) making the music
move steadily onwards. The basso continuo, or figured bass, becomes
the musical foundation for most types of piece providing a
purposeful bass-line (sometimes a walking bass) making the music
move steadily onwards. The same musical mood is usually kept
throughout an entire piece. The same musical mood is usually kept
throughout an entire piece. The violin family takes over from the
viols; the orchestra begins to take shape, with the string section
as a firm basis always with keyboard continuo (harpsichord or
organ) filling out the harmonies above the figured bass and
decorating the musical texture. The violin family takes over from
the viols; the orchestra begins to take shape, with the string
section as a firm basis always with keyboard continuo (harpsichord
or organ) filling out the harmonies above the figured bass and
decorating the musical texture.
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Fingerprints 2 The system of modes falls out of use by the end
of the 17 th century; music is now based on major and minor scales.
The system of modes falls out of use by the end of the 17 th
century; music is now based on major and minor scales. Typical
forms used by Baroque composers: binary, ternary (including the da
capo aria), rondeau, variations (including the ground bass,
chaconne, passacaglia), ritornello form, fugue. Typical forms used
by Baroque composers: binary, ternary (including the da capo aria),
rondeau, variations (including the ground bass, chaconne,
passacaglia), ritornello form, fugue. Main types of Baroque music:
Main types of Baroque music: vocal chorale, recitative and aria,
opera, oratorio, cantata; vocal chorale, recitative and aria,
opera, oratorio, cantata; instrumental Italian overture, French
overture, toccata, prelude, chorale prelude, dance suite, trio
sonatas (sonata da camera, sonata da chiesa), concerto grosso, solo
concerto. instrumental Italian overture, French overture, toccata,
prelude, chorale prelude, dance suite, trio sonatas (sonata da
camera, sonata da chiesa), concerto grosso, solo concerto. Often,
energetic rhythms drive the music forward: melodies are frequently
long and flowing, and decorated with ornaments (eg appoggiaturas,
trills); contrasts (particularly in concertos), of instrumental
timbres, of few instruments against many, of loud contrasted
against soft (terraced dynamics, sometimes echo effects), and
blocks of sound of different timbres (eg strings and wind
alternately, then together). Often, energetic rhythms drive the
music forward: melodies are frequently long and flowing, and
decorated with ornaments (eg appoggiaturas, trills); contrasts
(particularly in concertos), of instrumental timbres, of few
instruments against many, of loud contrasted against soft (terraced
dynamics, sometimes echo effects), and blocks of sound of different
timbres (eg strings and wind alternately, then together).
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Instruments-Harpsichord A harpsichord is the general term for a
family of European keyboard instruments, including the large
instrument nowadays called a harpsichord, but also the smaller
virginals and the spinet. A harpsichord is the general term for a
family of European keyboard instruments, including the large
instrument nowadays called a harpsichord, but also the smaller
virginals and the spinet. keyboardinstruments keyboardinstruments
All these instruments generate sound by plucking a string rather
than striking one, as in a piano or clavichord. The harpsichord
family is thought to have originated when a keyboard was affixed to
the end of a psaltery, providing a mechanical means to pluck the
strings. All these instruments generate sound by plucking a string
rather than striking one, as in a piano or clavichord. The
harpsichord family is thought to have originated when a keyboard
was affixed to the end of a psaltery, providing a mechanical means
to pluck the
strings.soundstringpianoclavichordpsalterysoundstringpianoclavichordpsaltery
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Baroque Orchestra Typical features include: Typical features
include: Strings to which composers would add 1 or 2 flutes (or
recorders), oboes, bassoons, perhaps horns, occasionally trumpets
and kettle drums. Strings to which composers would add 1 or 2
flutes (or recorders), oboes, bassoons, perhaps horns, occasionally
trumpets and kettle drums. Organ or harpsichord continuo to build
up chords on a bass line (figured bass), Organ or harpsichord
continuo to build up chords on a bass line (figured bass), Effects
of contrast- dynamics and textures. Effects of contrast- dynamics
and textures. Ribbons of sound- oboes and trumpets against strings,
or Ribbons of sound- oboes and trumpets against strings, or Blocks
of sound- contrasting groups- strings then wind then tutti (all)
resulting in terraced dynamics rather than crescendo or diminuendo.
Blocks of sound- contrasting groups- strings then wind then tutti
(all) resulting in terraced dynamics rather than crescendo or
diminuendo.
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Baroque Orchestra The Baroque Orchestra is the earliest example
of a true orchestra which came into existence in the mid-late
1600s. Its origins were in France where Jean-Baptiste Lully added
oboes (hautboys) and transverse flutes to his vingt- quatre violons
du Roy. As well as violins and woodwind, the baroque orchestra
would have still contained continuo instruments such as the
harpsichord or theorbo (lute). The new-fangled instrumentation and
orchestration soon spread to the rest of Europe and soon became the
standard solo instrumental grouping. The Baroque Orchestra is the
earliest example of a true orchestra which came into existence in
the mid-late 1600s. Its origins were in France where Jean-Baptiste
Lully added oboes (hautboys) and transverse flutes to his vingt-
quatre violons du Roy. As well as violins and woodwind, the baroque
orchestra would have still contained continuo instruments such as
the harpsichord or theorbo (lute). The new-fangled instrumentation
and orchestration soon spread to the rest of Europe and soon became
the standard solo instrumental
grouping.orchestraFranceJean-Baptiste Lullyflutesvingt- quatre
violons du Roy harpsichordorchestraFranceJean-Baptiste
Lullyflutesvingt- quatre violons du Roy harpsichord
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Typical forms used by Baroque composers Binary (AB) Binary (AB)
Ternary (including the da capo aria) (ABA) Ternary (including the
da capo aria) (ABA) Rondo (ABACADA) Rondo (ABACADA) Variations
(including the ground bass, chaconne, passacaglia) Variations
(including the ground bass, chaconne, passacaglia) Ritornello form
Ritornello form Fugue Fugue
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Main types of Baroque music VOCAL OPERA, ORATORIO, chorale,
recitative and aria, cantata; VOCAL OPERA, ORATORIO, chorale,
recitative and aria, cantata; CONCERTO GROSSO, SOLO CONCERTO,
FUGUE, Italian overture, French overture, toccata, prelude, chorale
prelude, dance suite, trio sonatas (sonata da camera, sonata da
chiesa), INSTRUMENTAL CONCERTO GROSSO, SOLO CONCERTO, FUGUE,
Italian overture, French overture, toccata, prelude, chorale
prelude, dance suite, trio sonatas (sonata da camera, sonata da
chiesa),
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OPERA Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in
Italy, in which the emotional content or primary entertainment is
conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and
instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. From the beginning of
the form (about 1600), there has been contention whether the music
is paramount, or the words Opera refers to a dramatic art form,
originating in Italy, in which the emotional content or primary
entertainment is conveyed to the audience as much through music,
both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. From the
beginning of the form (about 1600), there has been contention
whether the music is paramount, or the
wordsdramaticartItaly1600dramaticartItaly1600 The drama is
presented using the primary elements of theatre such as scenery,
costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto,
are customarily sung rather than spoken. The singers are
accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental
ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra. The drama is presented
using the primary elements of theatre such as scenery, costumes,
and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are
customarily sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by
a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a
full symphonic orchestra. theatrecostumesactinglibrettosungsingers
musical ensembleorchestra theatrecostumesactinglibrettosungsingers
musical ensembleorchestra
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ORATORIO An oratorio is a large musical composition for
orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. It differs from an opera in
that it does not have scenery, costumes, or acting. Oratorio
closely mirrored opera in all ages in musical style and form,
except that choruses were more prominent in oratorio than in opera.
The peak period for composition of oratorios was the 17th and 18th
centuries. An oratorio is a large musical composition for
orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. It differs from an opera in
that it does not have scenery, costumes, or acting. Oratorio
closely mirrored opera in all ages in musical style and form,
except that choruses were more prominent in oratorio than in opera.
The peak period for composition of oratorios was the 17th and 18th
centuries.musical composition orchestrasoloistschorus
operascenerycostumesmusical composition orchestrasoloistschorus
operascenerycostumes Most oratorios from the common practice period
to the present day have biblical themes, but a number of composers,
notably George Frideric Handel, wrote secular oratorios based on
themes from Greek and Roman mythology. Whether religious or
secular, the theme of an oratorio is meant to be weighty, and can
include such topics as the creation of the world, the life of
Jesus, or the career of a classical hero or biblical prophet. Most
oratorios from the common practice period to the present day have
biblical themes, but a number of composers, notably George Frideric
Handel, wrote secular oratorios based on themes from Greek and
Roman mythology. Whether religious or secular, the theme of an
oratorio is meant to be weighty, and can include such topics as the
creation of the world, the life of Jesus, or the career of a
classical hero or biblical prophet.biblicalGeorge Frideric
HandelGreek RomanmythologyJesusbiblicalGeorge Frideric HandelGreek
RomanmythologyJesus
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CONCERTO GROSSO The concerto grosso (plural concerti grossi)
(Italian for big concert) was a popular form of baroque music using
an ensemble and usually having four to six movements in which the
musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the
concertino- little ensemble) and full orchestra (the ripieno-
filling). The concerto grosso (plural concerti grossi) (Italian for
big concert) was a popular form of baroque music using an ensemble
and usually having four to six movements in which the musical
material is passed between a small group of soloists (the
concertino- little ensemble) and full orchestra (the ripieno-
filling).pluralItalianbaroque
musicensembleconcertinoripienopluralItalianbaroque
musicensembleconcertinoripieno Other major composers of concerti
grossi were Georg Friedrich Hndel, who expanded the ripieno to
include wind instruments. Several of the Brandenburg Concerti of
Johann Sebastian Bach also loosely follow the concerto grosso form,
notably the 2nd Concerto, which has a concertino of recorder, oboe,
trumpet, and solo violin. Other major composers of concerti grossi
were Georg Friedrich Hndel, who expanded the ripieno to include
wind instruments. Several of the Brandenburg Concerti of Johann
Sebastian Bach also loosely follow the concerto grosso form,
notably the 2nd Concerto, which has a concertino of recorder, oboe,
trumpet, and solo violin.Georg Friedrich HndelBrandenburg
ConcertiJohann Sebastian BachGeorg Friedrich HndelBrandenburg
ConcertiJohann Sebastian Bach
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SOLO CONCERTO In classical music, the word concerto (pl.
concerti or concertos; from the Italian concerto, which means
concert) is a label for a piece in which a small musical group and
a large musical group are given distinct roles, with the smaller
group to the fore. In classical music, the word concerto (pl.
concerti or concertos; from the Italian concerto, which means
concert) is a label for a piece in which a small musical group and
a large musical group are given distinct roles, with the smaller
group to the fore.classical musicItalianclassical musicItalian The
most common kind of concerto pairs a solo instrument with a full
orchestra. The term also implies the musical form of a piece, as
most pieces called "concerto" have three movements, of which the
first is typically in sonata form and the last typically a rondo.
The most common kind of concerto pairs a solo instrument with a
full orchestra. The term also implies the musical form of a piece,
as most pieces called "concerto" have three movements, of which the
first is typically in sonata form and the last typically a
rondo.soloorchestramusical formmovementssonata
formrondosoloorchestramusical formmovementssonata formrondo The
term apparently arose in the beginning of the 17th century, and
came to describe chiefly compositions which bring unequal
instrumental or vocal forces into opposition. The term apparently
arose in the beginning of the 17th century, and came to describe
chiefly compositions which bring unequal instrumental or vocal
forces into opposition.
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Ritornello form In both types of concerto, movements are built
up in ritornello form. In both types of concerto, movements are
built up in ritornello form. The music starts off with the
ritornello (little return) played by the ripieno group (tutti
meaning all) with the soloist(s) joining in. This is the main theme
and it returns at various points throughout the movement. It may
reappear in full or in shortened form. The music starts off with
the ritornello (little return) played by the ripieno group (tutti
meaning all) with the soloist(s) joining in. This is the main theme
and it returns at various points throughout the movement. It may
reappear in full or in shortened form.
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Ritornello structure Between appearances of the ritornello
there are contrasting sections of music called episodes. Between
appearances of the ritornello there are contrasting sections of
music called episodes.
RitornelloTuttiEpisode1Soloist(s)RitornelloTuttiEpisode2Soloist(s)RitornelloTutti
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FUGUE In music, a fugue is a type of contrapuntal composition.
It begins with a theme stated by one of the voices playing alone. A
second voice then enters and plays the same theme, while the first
voice continues on with a contrapuntal accompaniment. The remaining
voices enter one by one, each beginning by stating the same theme.
The remainder of the fugue develops the material further using all
of the voices and, usually, multiple statements of the theme. In
music, a fugue is a type of contrapuntal composition. It begins
with a theme stated by one of the voices playing alone. A second
voice then enters and plays the same theme, while the first voice
continues on with a contrapuntal accompaniment. The remaining
voices enter one by one, each beginning by stating the same theme.
The remainder of the fugue develops the material further using all
of the voices and, usually, multiple statements of the
theme.contrapuntal Middle and late Baroque composers such as
Dieterich Buxtehude (16371707) and Johann Pachelbel (1653 1706)
contributed greatly to the development of the fugue, and the form
reached ultimate maturity in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach
(16851750). Middle and late Baroque composers such as Dieterich
Buxtehude (16371707) and Johann Pachelbel (1653 1706) contributed
greatly to the development of the fugue, and the form reached
ultimate maturity in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach
(16851750).BaroqueDieterich BuxtehudeJohann PachelbelJohann
Sebastian BachBaroqueDieterich BuxtehudeJohann PachelbelJohann
Sebastian Bach
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IDENTIFY THE FORM 1)2)3)4)5) CONCERTO GROSSO ORATORIO FUGUE
OPERA SOLO CONCERTO
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What is ornamentation? In music, ornaments are musical
flourishes that are not necessary to the overall melodic (or
harmonic) line, but serve to decorate or "ornament" that line. They
are performed as "fast notes" around a central note. The amount of
ornamentation in a piece of music can vary from quite extensive to
relatively little or even none. In the baroque period, it was
common for performers to improvise ornamentation on a given melodic
line. A singer performing a da capo aria, for instance, would sing
the melody relatively unornamented the first time, but decorate it
with additional flourishes the second time.improviseda capo
aria
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Trill The trill is a musical ornament consisting of a rapid
alternation between two adjacent notes of a scale (compare
tremolo).musicalornamenttremolo In modern musical notation a trill
is generally indicated with the letters tr above the trilled note.
This has sometimes been followed by a squiggly line, and sometimes
in the past, the squiggly line on its own was used. The following
two notations are equivalent:musical notation
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Trill The usual way of executing a trill is to rapidly
alternate between the note indicated and the note directly above it
in the given scale
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Acciaccatura From the Italian word acciaccare, "to crush"; The
acciaccatura, is perhaps best thought of as a shorter, less
melodically significant type of ornament. It is written using a
grace note (often a quaver, or eighth note), with an oblique stroke
through the stem:
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The exact interpretation of this will vary according to the
tempo of the piece, but the following is possible:
Acciaccatura
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A short figure consisting of the note above the one indicated,
the note itself, the note below the one indicated, and the note
itself again. It is indicated by a mirrored S-shape lying on its
side above the staff. An inverted turn (the note below the one
indicated, the note itself, the note above it, and the note itself
again) is usually indicated by putting a short vertical line
through the normal turn sign, though sometimes the sign itself is
turned upside down. If the turn symbol is placed directly above a
note, it is performed exactly as outlined above. If it is placed
between two notes, however, the note before the symbol is played,
then the turn, and then the following note. So the following
turns:
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might be played like this:
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The mordent is thought of as a rapid single alternation between
an indicated note, the note above (called the upper mordent) or
below (called the lower mordent or mordent) the indicated note, and
the indicated note again.mordent The upper mordent is indicated by
a short squiggle; the lower mordent is the same with a short
vertical line through it:
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As with the trill, the exact speed with which the mordent is
performed will vary according to the tempo of the piece, but at
moderate tempi the above might be executed as follows:
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From the Italian word appoggiare, "to lean upon"; The
appoggiatura is important melodically and often suspend the
principal note by taking away the time- value of the appoggiatura
prefixed to it The added note (the unessential note) is one degree
higher or lower than the principal note. The appoggiatura is
written as a grace note prefixed to a principal note and printed in
small character, usually without the oblique stroke:
J.S. Bach 1685-1750 J.S. Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany. He
came from a long family history of professional musicians including
church organists and composers. J.S. Bach was born in Eisenach,
Germany. He came from a long family history of professional
musicians including church organists and composers. Johann
Sebastian Bach was a prolific German composer and organist whose
sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra and solo instruments
drew together the strands of the baroque genre and brought it to
its ultimate maturity. German composerorganist baroqueGerman
composerorganist baroque Although he introduced no new forms, he
enriched the prevailing German style with a robust contrapuntal
technique, a control of harmonic and motivic organisation from the
smallest to the largest scales, and the adaptation of rhythms and
textures from abroad, particularly Italy and France. contrapuntal
Many people consider him to be the greatest Baroque composer, and
one of the greatest composers of all time. He was one of the
leading figures, along with the likes of George Frideric Handel, in
the transition from baroque to Classical music George Frideric
HandelClassicalmusic George Frideric HandelClassicalmusic Mass in B
minor Brandenburg Concertos St Matthew Passion St John Passion
Suites (English, French) 48 Preludes and Fugues Christmas Oratorio
Solo Concertos Organ Works Cantatas
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G.F. Handel 1685-1759 He was a German/British Baroque composer
who was a leading composer of concerti grossi, operas and
oratorios. He was a German/British Baroque composer who was a
leading composer of concerti grossi, operas and oratorios.Baroque
composerconcerti grossioperasoratoriosBaroque composerconcerti
grossioperasoratorios Born in Germany as Georg Friedrich Hndel he
lived most of his adult life in England, becoming a subject of the
British crown in 1727. Born in Germany as Georg Friedrich Hndel he
lived most of his adult life in England, becoming a subject of the
British crown in 1727.Germany England BritishGermany England
British His most famous piece is Messiah, an oratorio set to texts
from the King James Bible; other well-known works are Water Music
and Music for the Royal Fireworks. He deeply influenced many of the
composers who came after him, including Haydn, Mozart, and
Beethoven, and his work helped lead the transition from the Baroque
to the Classical era. His most famous piece is Messiah, an oratorio
set to texts from the King James Bible; other well-known works are
Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks. He deeply influenced
many of the composers who came after him, including Haydn, Mozart,
and Beethoven, and his work helped lead the transition from the
Baroque to the Classical era.MessiahKing James BibleWater Music for
the Royal FireworksHaydnMozart BeethovenMessiahKing James
BibleWater Music for the Royal FireworksHaydnMozart Beethoven
Oratorios- Messiah Acis and Galatea 14 Operas-incl. Lotario
Ariodante, Alcina and Rodelinda. Water Music Royal Fireworks 18
Organ Concertos 12 Concerto Grossi Sonatas and Suites.
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Monteverdi 1567-1643 His work marks the transition from
Renaissance to Baroque music. During his long life he produced work
that can be classified in both categories, and he was one of the
most significant revolutionaries that brought about the change in
style. Monteverdi wrote the earliest dramatically viable opera,
Orfeo, and was fortunate enough to enjoy fame during his lifetime.
His work marks the transition from Renaissance to Baroque music.
During his long life he produced work that can be classified in
both categories, and he was one of the most significant
revolutionaries that brought about the change in style. Monteverdi
wrote the earliest dramatically viable opera, Orfeo, and was
fortunate enough to enjoy fame during his
lifetime.RenaissanceBaroque music operaOrfeoRenaissanceBaroque
music operaOrfeo Operas- Orfeo, Arianna Motets Madrigals
Vespers
Slide 35
Alessandro Scarlatti 1659-1725 Italian composer who had written
his first opera by the age of 12. Italian composer who had written
his first opera by the age of 12. He was especially famous for his
operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the founder of the
Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of two other Baroque
composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti. He was
especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is
considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was
the father of two other Baroque composers, Domenico Scarlatti and
Pietro Filippo Scarlatti.operascantatasNeapolitanDomenico
ScarlattiPietro Filippo ScarlattioperascantatasNeapolitanDomenico
ScarlattiPietro Filippo Scarlatti The first composer to strongly
differentiate between the singing styles of aria and recitative and
used advanced harmonic procedures for the time. The first composer
to strongly differentiate between the singing styles of aria and
recitative and used advanced harmonic procedures for the time.
Credited with popularising the Da Capo Aria form. Credited with
popularising the Da Capo Aria form. Opera- Pompeo Cantatas- over
600 6 Concerto Grossi Oratorios
Slide 36
Domenico Scarlatti 1685-1757 He was an Italian composer and
harpsichordist. He was extremely influential in the development of
keyboard music, especially in Spain, Portugal and England, through
his individual style. He was an Italian composer and
harpsichordist. He was extremely influential in the development of
keyboard music, especially in Spain, Portugal and England, through
his individual style.ItaliancomposerItaliancomposer A harpsichord
virtuoso from a young age, he revolutionised keyboard technique.
First to use rapid arpeggios, repetition of the same note and the
crossing of hands. A harpsichord virtuoso from a young age, he
revolutionised keyboard technique. First to use rapid arpeggios,
repetition of the same note and the crossing of hands. He wrote a
lot of works with a Moorish/ Arabic flavour as the result of living
in Portugal and Spain for long periods of his life. He wrote a lot
of works with a Moorish/ Arabic flavour as the result of living in
Portugal and Spain for long periods of his life. Over 500
harpsichord sonatas. 14 Sinfonias Harpsichord Concerto
Slide 37
Telemann 1681-1767 He was a German composer, and organist.
Self-taught in music, he studied law at the University of Leipzig.
The most prolific composer of his era, he was a contemporary of
Johann Sebastian Bach and a friend of George Frideric Handel. While
in the present day Bach is generally thought of as the greater
composer, Telemann was widely renowned for his musical abilities
during his lifetime. He was a German composer, and organist.
Self-taught in music, he studied law at the University of Leipzig.
The most prolific composer of his era, he was a contemporary of
Johann Sebastian Bach and a friend of George Frideric Handel. While
in the present day Bach is generally thought of as the greater
composer, Telemann was widely renowned for his musical abilities
during his lifetime.Germancomposer University of LeipzigJohann
Sebastian Bach George Frideric HandelGermancomposer University of
LeipzigJohann Sebastian Bach George Frideric Handel Telemann
traveled widely, absorbing various musical styles and incorporating
them into his own compositions. He is known for writing concertos
for unusual combinations of instruments, such as multiple violas or
trumpets. Telemann traveled widely, absorbing various musical
styles and incorporating them into his own compositions. He is
known for writing concertos for unusual combinations of
instruments, such as multiple violas or trumpets. He held a series
of important musical positions, culminating in that of music
director of the five largest churches in Hamburg, from 1720 until
his death in 1767. He was succeeded by his godson Carl Philipp
Emanuel Bach. He held a series of important musical positions,
culminating in that of music director of the five largest churches
in Hamburg, from 1720 until his death in 1767. He was succeeded by
his godson Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Hamburg1720Carl Philipp
Emanuel Bach Hamburg1720Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Opera- Pimpone
(46) St Luke Passion St Mark Passion St Matthew Passion 1043
Cantatas Over 25 Solo Concertos Over 600 Suites
Slide 38
Corelli 1653- 1713 Italian composer, teacher and violinist.
Italian composer, teacher and violinist. His playing and composing
were an influence on Bach and he taught Vivaldi. His playing and
composing were an influence on Bach and he taught Vivaldi. He is
known as The father of Concerto Grosso for his work in defining the
style. He is known as The father of Concerto Grosso for his work in
defining the style. Despite being influential he was not a prolific
composer. Despite being influential he was not a prolific composer.
12 Concerto Grossi 5 sets (of 12) Trio Sonatas
Slide 39
Purcell 1659-1695 English composer and organist. English
composer and organist. He is generally considered to be one of
England's greatest composers indeed, he has often been called
England's finest native composer. Purcell incorporated Italian and
French stylistic elements but devised a peculiarly English style of
Baroque music He is generally considered to be one of England's
greatest composers indeed, he has often been called England's
finest native composer. Purcell incorporated Italian and French
stylistic elements but devised a peculiarly English style of
Baroque musicBaroque musicBaroque music Composed an enormous amount
of theatrical music for plays including The Fairy Queen, a masque
for A Midsummer's Night Dream, King Arthur and Indian Queen.
Composed an enormous amount of theatrical music for plays including
The Fairy Queen, a masque for A Midsummer's Night Dream, King
Arthur and Indian Queen. One of his favourite styles of writing was
the Ground Bass. One of his favourite styles of writing was the
Ground Bass. Opera- Dido and Aeneas 15 Fantasies Trio Sonatas
Anthems- My heart is inditing for James 2 Coronation
Slide 40
Vivaldi 1678-1741 Italian priest, composer and violinist.
Italian priest, composer and violinist. He is one of the composers
credited with helping the Baroque style evolve into the Classical
style by his use of harmonic contrasts and innovative melodies and
themes. He is one of the composers credited with helping the
Baroque style evolve into the Classical style by his use of
harmonic contrasts and innovative melodies and themes. Bach was
deeply influenced by his concertos and arias and transcribed many
of Vivaldi's works for harpsichord. Bach was deeply influenced by
his concertos and arias and transcribed many of Vivaldi's works for
harpsichord. He was an extremely prolific composer. He was an
extremely prolific composer. Over 500 Concertos 46 Operas 73
Sonatas Oratorios and sacred music The Four Seasons
Slide 41
Lully 1632-1687 Italian born French composer, guitarist,
violinist and dancer. Italian born French composer, guitarist,
violinist and dancer. Spent most of his working life in the service
of Louis 14 th where he composed ballets and later operas. He
transformed the often stately court dances into lively, rhythmic
affairs and added many instruments to the orchestra of the time.
Spent most of his working life in the service of Louis 14 th where
he composed ballets and later operas. He transformed the often
stately court dances into lively, rhythmic affairs and added many
instruments to the orchestra of the time. He favoured variation
forms such as Passacaglias and Chaconnes. He favoured variation
forms such as Passacaglias and Chaconnes. Opera- Atys Ballets Dance
Suites
Slide 42
Rameau 1683-1764 Composer, organist and harpsichordist
Composer, organist and harpsichordist He was one of the most
important French composers and music theorists of the Baroque era.
He replaced Jean- Baptiste Lully as the dominant composer of French
opera, and was attacked by those who preferred Lully's style. He
was one of the most important French composers and music theorists
of the Baroque era. He replaced Jean- Baptiste Lully as the
dominant composer of French opera, and was attacked by those who
preferred Lully's style.French composersmusic theoristsBaroqueJean-
Baptiste LullyoperaFrench composersmusic theoristsBaroqueJean-
Baptiste Lullyopera Operas Ballet Music Pieces de Clavecin (for
harpsichord)
Slide 43
Francois Couperin Franois Couperin (born in Paris November 10,
1668 died September 12, 1733 in Paris) was an esteemed French
Baroque composer, organist and harpsichordist. Franois Couperin was
known as "Couperin le Grand" (Couperin the Great) to distinguish
him from the other members of the musically talented Couperin
family because of his immense virtuosity on the organ and the
harpsichord. Franois Couperin (born in Paris November 10, 1668 died
September 12, 1733 in Paris) was an esteemed French Baroque
composer, organist and harpsichordist. Franois Couperin was known
as "Couperin le Grand" (Couperin the Great) to distinguish him from
the other members of the musically talented Couperin family because
of his immense virtuosity on the organ and the harpsichord.Paris
November 101668September 121733
FrenchBaroqueCouperinorganharpsichordParis November 101668September
121733 FrenchBaroqueCouperinorganharpsichord He was indebted to
Corelli whose Trio Sonata form he introduced to France. He was
indebted to Corelli whose Trio Sonata form he introduced to France.
J.S. Bach was an admirer of his harpsichord technique and
compositions. J.S. Bach was an admirer of his harpsichord technique
and compositions. Harpsichord and organ works Suites
Slide 44
QUIZ TRY YOUR NEW FOUND KNOWLEDGE WITH THIS INTERACTIVE QUIZ.
TRY YOUR NEW FOUND KNOWLEDGE WITH THIS INTERACTIVE QUIZ. JUST CLICK
ON THE ANSWER AND FIND OUT IF YOU ARE RIGHT. JUST CLICK ON THE
ANSWER AND FIND OUT IF YOU ARE RIGHT.
Slide 45
Italian composer, teacher and violinist. 1653- 1713 Italian
composer, teacher and violinist. 1653- 1713 He is known as The
father of Concerto Grosso for his work in defining the style. He is
known as The father of Concerto Grosso for his work in defining the
style. 12 Concerto Grossi TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI
LULLY J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI
CORELLI
Slide 46
TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH
A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI 1688- 1733
BaroqueBaroque composer, organist and harpsichordist. Harpsichord
and organ works Suites
Slide 47
He was an Italian composer and harpsichordist. 1685-
1757Italian composer He wrote a lot of works with a Moorish/ Arabic
flavour as the result of living in Portugal and Spain for long
periods of his life. Over 500 harpsichord sonatas. 14 Sinfonias
Harpsichord Concerto TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY
J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 48
Opera- Pimpone (46) St Luke Passion St Mark Passion St Matthew
Passion 1043 Cantatas Over 25 Solo Concertos Over 600 Suites 1681-
1767 TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH
A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 49
1659-1695 Composer and organist. Composer and organist. One of
his favourite styles of writing was the Ground Bass. One of his
favourite styles of writing was the Ground Bass. Opera- Dido and
Aeneas 15 Fantasies Trio Sonatas Anthems- My heart is inditing for
James 2 Coronation TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY
J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 50
1567-1643 1567-1643 Operas- Orfeo, Motets Madrigals Vespers His
work marks the transition from Renaissance to Baroque
music.RenaissanceBaroque music TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL
VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI
CORELLI
Slide 51
1659-1725 Italian composer who had written his first opera by
the age of 12. Italian composer who had written his first opera by
the age of 12. Credited with popularising the Da Capo Aria form.
Credited with popularising the Da Capo Aria form. Opera- Pompeo
Cantatas- over 600 6 Concerto Grossi Oratorios TELEMANN HANDEL
COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU
MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 52
1632-1687 1632-1687 Spent most of his working life in the
service of Louis 14 th where he composed ballets and later operas.
He transformed the often stately court dances into lively, rhythmic
affairs and added many instruments to the orchestra of the time.
Spent most of his working life in the service of Louis 14 th where
he composed ballets and later operas. He transformed the often
stately court dances into lively, rhythmic affairs and added many
instruments to the orchestra of the time. He favoured variation
forms such as Passacaglias and Chaconnes. He favoured variation
forms such as Passacaglias and Chaconnes. Opera- Atys Ballets Dance
Suites TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH
A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 53
1685-1750 Mass in B minor Brandenburg Concertos St Matthew
Passion St John Passion Suites (English, French) 48 Preludes and
Fugues Christmas Oratorio Solo Concertos Organ Works Cantatas
TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI
RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 54
1683-1764 Composer, organist and harpsichordist Composer,
organist and harpsichordist Operas Ballet Music Pieces de Clavecin
(for harpsichord) TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY
J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 55
1685-1759 Oratorios- Messiah Acis and Galatea 14 Operas-incl.
Lotario Ariodante, Alcina and Rodelinda. Water Music Royal
Fireworks 18 Organ Concertos 12 Concerto Grossi Sonatas and Suites.
TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI
RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI CORELLI
Slide 56
1678-1741 Over 500 Concertos 46 Operas 73 Sonatas Oratorios and
sacred music The Four Seasons TELEMANN HANDEL COUPERIN PURCELL
VIVALDI LULLY J.S.BACH A.SCARLATTI RAMEAU MONTEVERDI D.SCARLATTI
CORELLI
Slide 57
Quiz What is a concerto grosso? What is a concerto grosso? What
is a solo concerto? What is a solo concerto? What is an oratorio?
What is an oratorio? What is an opera? What is an opera? What is a
fugue? What is a fugue?
