Report in Baroque

8/9/2019 Report in Baroque

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1600-1750

BAROQUE

PERIOD


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Italy Baroco means contradictoryor paradoxical

Portugal Barocco means acrooked round pearl

What does the word

Baroque mean?


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What does the word Baroquemean?

The term baroque was not acomplement .

it originally meantoverdone too many notesin music, too much color inpainting, and too grand inarchitecture.


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It has come to include thefollowing definitions:Marked by elaborate

ornamentationAims to create a dramaticeffect

Appealing to the spiritthrough the senses

Enlarged space


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- Heightened sensuality

combined with spiritualityNaturalistic rather thanideal, emotional ratherthan rational

Conflict, paradox and

contrast, heightenedspirituality, livelysensuality

Ornate


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History:

Started in Italy and was

later accepted in Germany,France and Spain.


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Encouraged and supported

by the Roman Catholicchurch in response toprotestant reformation that

the arts, sculpture and musicshould communicate religious

themes


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Baroque Architecture &

SculptureThe Baroque style of

Architecture consisted of verybold shapes and masses. It canbe described as being very

dynamic and powerful withirregular shapes, colonnades,long sequences, large domes

and monumental staircases .


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There was also an emphasis

on color, light and shade. The

interior of these buildings,

usually a throne room or some

room of importance, were

beautifully painted an crafted.


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Baldacchino


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Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini(1598-1680)

Son of a sculptor, Bernini was

born in Naples. Bernini wasinspired by work from theHellenistic era. He was an

architect, sculptor, painter,craftsman and a kind of pyrotechnic for plays.


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Bernini created a new style

that combined manyconcepts from other

architectural styles.


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His style is most visible inthe church ofSt. PetersSquare. The concept of largedomes and colonnades can be

seen.


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Berninis Work


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Ecstasy of St. Theresa


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Cathedral ofToledo


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Trasparentean eighty

five foot hightabernacle tohold the

Eucharist


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BenedictineChurch at

Zwielfalten


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Baroque Churches in the

Phi

li

ppi

nes


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BAROQUE PAINTING

Caravaggio was the Bad Boyof Baroque, and spent much of

his time running from theaftermath of his legendary

temper.H

e often painted Biblestories (which included imagesof known models and familiar


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landscapes) by day, His style -

where he worked quickly fromlive models and paintedrealistically - represented aradical departure fromMannerism. Nearly every

Baroque painter emulated him,but he himself died young, on the

run from more turmoil.


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Caravaggio

Calling of Saint

Matthew


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Caravaggio

Entombment


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PeterPaul Rubens (1577-1640)

Hlne Fourment andHer

Children

Intimate,tender

PersonalizedemotionalityThe Rape of the Daughters of

Leucippus

Restlessenergy,sense of actionFemalenudity, ample

proportions


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Rembrandt,The Company of Captain

Frans Cocq (The Nightwatch), 1642


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Rembrandt Van Rijn,The Mill, 1650


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Frans Hals


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Dance MusicVermeer

Concert,

1665


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Velasquez,

Las Meninas, 1656


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Music of the BaroqueCommon traits:

Use of a Basso Continuo -harpsichord and cello

providing the base of thecomposition.

Emphasized contrasts intexture, pace and volume.


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Strong use of improvisation inboth melodies, and the

embellishments of thosemelodies.M

ost importantly-

if youhear a harpsichord, its almostalways Baroque.


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Baroque Composers


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George Frederic Handel

German-born composer andviolinist (1685-1759)

Was born in the same year,within 100 miles of Bachbut

they never metStarted law school in 1702 (left

after a year)


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Moved to Italy in 1706, thenback to Italy (in service of the

Elector ofHanover) in 1710.Handel worked in England,where the elector eventuallygained the throne (George I,1714)


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George Frederic Handel

Appointed director of RoyalAcademy ofMusic

Became a British subject in1727

Known for composing only afew operas (most famousRinaldao, 1711)


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Also composed, oratorios,

cantatas, Anthems (for theCatholic, Lutheran andAnglican Churches)Buried in Westminster Abbey(England)

Handel was a Germancomposer writing Italian operas

in England!!!


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Handels Water Music

Premiered in 1717 on the

Thames River, London,Englandon a BargehenceWater Music.

Orchestral3 Suites


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King George I threw a

big party (on a barge)asked Handel to provide the

musical entertainment(on a second barge)


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Handels Messiah

Oratorio

Premiered in Dublin, Irelandin 1742

At English premiere, King

George II was so excited byFor the Lord God

Omnipotent Reigneth,


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that he stood up. (HallelujahChorus from Messiah)

(English customthe Kingstands=you stand)Now, it is tradition to stand

during this portion.


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Johann Sebastian Bach

German-born composer,keyboardist, violinist, etc.

(March 21, 1685-July 28, 1750)His obituary (published 6 days

later) read, The loss of thisuncommonly able man isuncommonly mourned by all

true connoisseurs o music.


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Music had been thefamily trade for fourgenerationsBach had

little choice Worked asand organist


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Johann Sebastian Bach

1703 Worked as and church

organist (Arnstadt)1707 Worked at a larger

churchstill as an organist(Mulhausen)


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1708 Appointed courtorganist and chambermusician (later

concertmaster) to the Dukeof Weimar


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Bach later asked to be relieved

of duty. The angered Weimerimprisoned Bach for nearly amonth before allowing him toleave


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Johann Sebastian Bach-BWV

1717 Music Director court of

Anhalt-Cothen1722 Cantor ofSt. ThomassSchool in Leipzig

Works are catalogued by theBWV system


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BWV means: Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis or Bach Work

ListingCatalogued by WolfgangSchmieder


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Bachs BrandenburgConcertos

Six Concertos Concertos for

chamber orchestra, worksbased on an Italian ConcertoGrosso style


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Finished in 1721 and

presented to the Margrave(The lord or military governorof a medieval German borderprovince) of Brandenburg as agift

The Margrave neverthanked Bach for his work--or

paid him


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Bachs Passions

Passion-The Story of (the

Crucifixion of) ChristGood Friday, 1729, Leipzig

(St. Thomas Church) St.Matthews Passion, BWV244 was premiered (nearly 4

hours long)


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St. Matthew Passion isthe Gospel account ofSt.Matthew of the Passion ofChrist

Oratorio (w/ recitative,solos, chorus)


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Calls for large group (2choirs, each w/ their own

orchestra, several vocal andinstrumental solists)

Also wrote a Passionaccording to the Gospel ofSt.John, 1730


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Bachs Well-TemperedClavier,

The best known of Bach's

clavier works is the famousset of preludes and fuguescalled The Well-Tempered

Clavier. Part I (Book 1) wascompleted at Cthen in 1722,


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and Part II (Book 2) wascompleted at Leipzig around

1740. Each part consists oftwenty-four preludes and

fugues, one prelude and onefugue in each of the twelvemajor and minor keys.


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Bachs Toccata and Fugue in Dminor, BWV 565

Written for organ, king of

instruments (Bach)Freely constructed piece w/

virtuoso passages and an

improvisatory style


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(ABA) Toccata presented,

then followed by a fugue(VERY popular Baroque

instrumental compositionalgenre) and then the Toccata ishinted (ABa)


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Bachs Goldberg Variations (1742,BWV 988)

Another encyclopedic work

Series of 30 Variations

Canon, Fugue, and othermusical forms of the Baroque

Aria presents the melody(which is varied throughout)

in the bass


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Antonio Vivaldi

Known as the Red Priest,

b/c of his red hair.Worked much of his life in agirls orphanage.

Wrote over 400 concertos,40 operas (seria), 12 motets

W Th F S


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Wrote The Four Seasons

A series of 4 concertosAll have 3 movements: fast-slow-fastVivaldi also wrote a series ofsonnets (poems) to be read in

conjunction with theperformance of the concertos

as narration.


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The End

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