Push and Pull Factors in “El Norte” and “Lupita Manana”
Lidia PerezWri 117
Introduction Immigration refers to the act of certain individual
leaving their native country because of “push and pull” factors.
There is a “push-pull theory” which explains how immigrants are pushed out of their native land and are attract to another country.
Immigrants leave their hometown due to the lack of resources, jobs, few education opportunities and political fears and persecution.
Thesis The push-pull theory of migration helps explains
the movie “El Norte” by Gregory Nava and the novel “Lupita Manana” by Patricia Beatty because it gives a better understanding of the difficulties that immigrants have to face in order to go into another country. It will also helps people reflect on the meaning of the “American Dream” and the costs one incurs in seeking it.
El Norte
Push Factors
What is El Norte about? Political fears and
persecution Poverty
Pull Factors
Better living conditions More educational
opportunities Have their own car Safety
Lupita MananaPush factors
What is it about? Poverty Less job opportunities
Pull Factor Better job
opportunities Higher salaries Better living conditions
Similarities Theme of immigration Undocumented immigrants Cross the border American Dream Low income family They have many dangerous
adventures on their way north.
Gives a better understanding of the immigrants experiences
Differences El Norte
Enrique and Rosa are from Guatemala
Indegeans peasants
They leave their hometown due to the political and fears persucution
Rosa dies at the end of the story due to an illness call thypus which she contracted from the rat bites when crossing the border.
Lupita Manana Lupita and Salvador
are from Mexico They leave Mexico due
to poverty Earn money to support Want to help their
mother and siblings
Conclusion Gives us a better understanding of the immigrant experiences
crossing the border illegally. These two stories remind us that immigration is more than a
concept it is about human being uprooting themselves from their homes and their families to try to make a new and better life.
It helps us prove how immigrants sometimes can make “American Dream” and sometimes not.
For example Lupita Manana shows how Lupita could escape from immigration authorities and resolves to learn English and to work hard to support her family.
Children Literature: Elena Fortun and Celia
Daisy RamirezWriting 117
Thesis
Elena Fortun’s most important contribution to Children Literature were her stories about Celia, who questions society and education, which is important because children during that time did not rebel, question, or go against what they were told.
Elena Fortun Actual name is Encarnacion Aragoneses
Urquijo Spaniard writer born on November 17,
1886 Education• Philosophy• Letters Life• Married Eusebio de Gorbea Lemmi• Two children• Died May 8, 1952 at the age of 66
How Celia began
Summers in Abades • A small town in Segovia Magazine Black and White
in 1928
Celia
Blonde 7 year old Belonged to the Spaniard
bourgeoisie Cuchifritin• Little Brother Said what she thought Questioned society, adults, and
education• She was advanced for her time
Impact
People actually thought she was real Asked Fortun:• How she was doing• If he had a boyfriend• If she ever though of getting married Celia was Fortun’s most important and loved
character because she called children’s attention to transmit her thoughts about society
Celia today
Jose Luis Borau o 1992
• Produced a series of television shows about Celia
Is only known in Spain since Fortun did not publish outside of the country
Is not read as much since times have changed
Conclusion
Fortun used Celia for her own benefit since she was able to get across to children and see herself reflected in the little girl because she was the same way when she was a child. She opened their eyes to reality and that it was fine to question society, adults, and education.
Comparing and Contrasting
Similarities As literature majors we are
using fiction to represent reality.
We analyze the books of Lupita Manana, Celia, and the movie “El Norte”
We both have children as characters of the story
We came to the conclusion that literature is important in our lives because we learn about new things, and new cultures
Differences
Lidia Push and Pull
Theory El Norte and Lupita
Manana Mexico and
Guatemala Topic: Immigration Immigration affects
males, females, and children
Daisy
Analyze Celia Spain Topic: Children
Literature Celia affected
children’s thinking about society, education, and adults