objectivesobjectives
To differentiate between the two major To differentiate between the two major categories of bacteria: Gram positive and categories of bacteria: Gram positive and Gram negative.Gram negative.
To understand how the Gram stain To understand how the Gram stain reaction affects Gram positive and Gram reaction affects Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria based on the negative bacteria based on the biochemical and structural differences biochemical and structural differences of their cell walls.of their cell walls.
To identify different structures of To identify different structures of bacteria.bacteria.
Importance of a Gram Importance of a Gram Stain:Stain:
ClassificationClassification Diagnosis (direct smear)Diagnosis (direct smear) Antimicrobial selection Antimicrobial selection
(treatment)(treatment) Statistical analysis and Statistical analysis and
EpidemiologyEpidemiology
Gram stain techniqueGram stain technique
Gram negativr Rod (Gram negativr Rod (E E colicoli))
Streptococcus pyogenesStreptococcus pyogenes
Spore stainSpore stain
Bipolar stainBipolar stain
Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosistuberculosis
Capsule stainCapsule stain
Mycobacterium lepraeMycobacterium leprae
Gram positive cocciGram positive cocci
Vibrio cholerae on TCBSVibrio cholerae on TCBS
Klebsiella species on Klebsiella species on CLEDCLED
Blood AgarBlood Agar
Chocolate AgarChocolate Agar
Eosin Methylen Blue Eosin Methylen Blue AgarAgar
Eosin Methylen Blue Eosin Methylen Blue AgarAgar
Mac Conkey AgarMac Conkey Agar
Mannitol Salt AgarMannitol Salt Agar
Tissue CultureTissue Culture
Inoculation of Inoculation of Embryonated eggEmbryonated egg
Embryonated Embryonated egg(Inoculation Sites)egg(Inoculation Sites)
Citrate Utilization TestCitrate Utilization Test
Urease TestUrease Test
Oxidase TestOxidase Test
Asculine Hydrolysis TestAsculine Hydrolysis Test
CAMP TestCAMP Test
Nagler ReactionNagler Reaction
Indole TestIndole Test
Methyle Red TestMethyle Red Test
Sugar fermentation Test Sugar fermentation Test
Coagulase TestCoagulase Test
Results on kigller iron Results on kigller iron agaragar
Sensitivity TestSensitivity Test
Sensitivity TestSensitivity Test
Gas gangreneGas gangrene
Anthrax InfectionAnthrax Infection
Cutanious Anthrax Cutanious Anthrax InfectionInfection
Tetanous InfectionTetanous Infection
Mycetoma InfectionMycetoma Infection