Integrated Coastal Zone
Management
Steve Collins
Marine Planning & Coastal Integration Team
Date: 05 November 2014
Overview
To cover
– ICZM History and context
– MSP Directive
– MPS
– How marine planning contributes to ICZM
– NPPF
– Localism Act duty to cooperate
– Pins Soundness checklist
– Coastal Concordat
– European Maritime Fisheries Fund (EMFF)
– ICZM - Next steps
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Integrated Coastal Zone Management
• ICZM is a process, in it’s simplest form its people working together.
• ICZM provides the framework for a range of social, economic and
environmental deliverables.
• Implementing ICZM is a long term process requiring integration horizontally and
vertically at all levels of governance.
• UK approach to implementation - comprehensive and long term.
• Marine planning contributing to the process through a mixture of legislative
measures and processes.
• ICZM contribution through marine planning will be progressive and considered.
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Some history
• 2009 – A Strategy for promoting an integrated approach to the management
of coastal areas in England.
– Set out a vision for the process, and a series of objectives and actions
to achieve the vision.
– Committed to a Strategy Review in 2011 -
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• 2010 – A further Report to Commission on ICZM implementation since 2006.
• 2011 – Commission launched public on-line consultation and studies to inform
development of a legislative proposal for ICZM.
• 2013 – A proposal for a framework directive for MSP and ICZM published
• 2013 - Dec - General Affairs Committee (GAC) agree a general approach of an MSP only
Directive
•
• 1995 – 1998 EU Demonstration Programme on ICZM
• 2002 – EC Recommendation on implementing ICZM
• 2004 – UK ICZM Stocktake
• 2006 -- A consultation seeking views on how we can best promote and implement an
integrated approach to the management of the coastal zone (ICZM) in England
• 2006 – Report to Commission on experiences implementing Recommendation
MSP Directive
• Establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning aiming at
promoting the sustainable growth of maritime economies, the
sustainable development of marine areas and the sustainable use of
marine resources.
• The key requirements are:
– that Member States implement MSPs by April 2021
– cooperate with neighbouring Member States and third countries,
and
– promote information and data sharing.
– take account of land sea interactions
– aim to promote coherence between maritime spatial
planning and the resulting plan or plans and other processes
such as integrated coastal management or equivalent formal
or informal practices
• Directive came into force on 17 Sept
• Transposed within 2 years.
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Marine Policy Statement (MPS)
• MPS provides the policy framework for the preparation of
all UK marine plans and for all decisions capable of
affecting the marine area.
• A public authority must - – take any authorisation or enforcement decision in
accordance with it or state reasons why not
– have regard to it in taking any decision which relates to the
exercise of any function capable of affecting the marine area
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• seeks to embed consideration of the key principles of ICZM within all planning and decision
making functions in coastal and marine areas.
• also contains consideration of specific issues which coastal areas face that are generally the
focus of Integrated Coastal Zone Management:
– consideration of economic regeneration of coastal areas;
– the halting and if possible reversal of ecology and biodiversity loss;
– enhancing the protection for the historical environment;
– strengthening consideration of climate change adaptation,
– coastal change and flooding; and,
– the consideration of the effect of development on coastal landscapes and seascapes.
How marine planning contributes to integrated coastal management –
in practice
• Scale and Plan area boundaries - Key consideration the need to facilitate integration
with planning and management on land, enabling meaningful local engagement and
where possible aligning with existing bio-geographical boundaries to enable holistic
ecosystem scale considerations.
• Participation – East
– MMO organised five series of stakeholder workshops attended by over 300 people.
– 350 one-to-one meetings with a range of interests including marine sectors (such
as ports/shipping, fishing, recreation, aggregates, renewable energy), Local
Authorities (both elected members and officers), MPs, local and national fora, and
regulators.
– Local liaison officers met with local stakeholders, relevant meetings and events.
– 12 public drop-in sessions across the East for over 600 people.
– Informal consultations on plan stages
– Discussion with countries bordering the plan areas (France, Belgium, Netherlands,
Germany).
– Formal consultation on the scoping report for a Sustainability Appraisal guided by
an SA Advisory Group made up of statutory bodies, industry representatives and
environmental non-governmental organisations.
– Cross Government participation and collaboration
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Compatibility with land planning
• East - MMO analysed policies within 25 sets of Local Development Plans, prepared by
local authorities as part of the land planning system. The analysis focused on the key
activities within the Marine Policy Statement so as to provide a keystone for
compatibility.
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have regard to other plans
• the East – MMO considered:
• 2 River Basin Management Plans
• 6 Shoreline Management Plans
• 1 National Park plan;
• 2 Areas of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) plans;
• 3 Estuary Management Plans –
– The Wash Estuary Management Plan
– The Stour and Orwell Estuaries Management Scheme
– The Humber Estuary Management Scheme
• MMO also considered a plethora of individual and unique sectoral plans and
strategies including beach management plans; tourism, transport and
economic strategies.
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National Planning Policy Framework
• Para 105 - ‘In coastal areas, local planning authorities should take account
of the UK Marine Policy Statement and marine plans and apply
Integrated Coastal Zone Management across local authority and land/sea
boundaries, ensuring integration of the terrestrial and marine planning
regimes’
• Para156. Local planning authorities should set out the strategic priorities
for the area in the Local Plan to deliver…..
– the provision of infrastructure for transport, telecommunications, waste
management, water supply, wastewater, flood risk and coastal change
management, and the provision of minerals and energy (including heat);
– climate change mitigation and adaptation, conservation and enhancement of the
natural and historic environment, including landscape.
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• Crucially, Local Plans should:
– be based on co-operation with neighbouring authorities, public, voluntary and private
sector organisations;
• Para 179. Local planning authorities should work collaboratively with other bodies to ensure
that strategic priorities across local boundaries are properly coordinated and clearly reflected
in individual Local Plans. (In marine areas, local planning authorities should collaborate
with the Marine Management Organisation to ensure that policies across the land/sea
boundary are integrated.)”
Duty to co-operate
• Created by s.110 of the Localism Act
• Duty on local planning authorities (LPAs), county councils and public bodies to
engage constructively, actively and on an ongoing basis to maximise the
effectiveness of Local and Marine Plan preparation in the context of strategic
cross boundary matters.
• LPAs -
– should make every effort to secure the necessary cooperation on strategic cross
boundary matters before they submit their Local Plans for examination.
– Local Plan examination will test whether a local planning authority has complied with the
duty to cooperate
– must demonstrate how they have complied with the duty at the independent
examination of their Local Plans. If a local planning authority cannot demonstrate that it
has complied with the duty then the Local Plan will not be able to proceed further in
examination.
• Public bodies include: Environment Agency; English Heritage; Natural England; Office of Rail
Regulation; highway Authorities; the Marine Management Organisation…
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Planning Advisory Service – Soundness Checklist
• Local plan checklist helps LPA work through the soundness and legal
requirements
• The test of soundness assesses whether the Local Plan is consistent with
national policy
• Planning Advisory Service Self-Assessment Checklist to assist LPAs with the
soundness test.
• Planning Inspectorate (PINS) encourages councils to conduct a self-
assessment using this checklist
• Recently updated to include marine planning. Builds those aspects of marine
planning relevant to all local authorities into the main soundness checklist
• A more detailed section sets out in full the interactions between terrestrial
planning and marine planning, including the requirements of the marine policy
statement, and is likely to be of most use to those local planning authorities
whose area physically overlaps with the marine area, all of which are listed for
clarity
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Planning Advisory Service – Soundness Checklist
Soundness Test Key
Requirements
Possible Evidence
Take account of marine
planning (p 105)
Ensure early and close co-operation on relevant economic,
social and environmental policies with the Marine
Management Organisation
Review the aims and objectives of the Marine Policy
Statement, including local potential for marine-related
economic development
Integrate as appropriate marine policy objectives into
emerging policy
Support of integrated coastal management (ICM) in coastal
areas in line with the requirements of the MPS
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Planning Advisory Service – Soundness Checklist
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Key requirements under the Duty to Co-Operate
Policy Expectations Possible Evidence
Consistency between
marine and terrestrial
policy documents and
guidance
• Demonstration of consistency of aim between relevant local plan policies
and marine policy documents (i.e. the MPS and any relevant adopted
marine plans)
• Proof of collaborative working with the MMO and that the MPS has been
taken into account.
Liaison between
respective authorities
responsible for terrestrial
and marine planning,
including in plan
development,
implementation and
review stages
• Early and effective policy development engagement undertaken, including
discussions with the MMO
• Evidence of iteration of policies and plans as a result of engagement with
the MMO
• Evidence of engagement with the MMO in relation to monitoring,
implementation and throughout the policy cycle
• Support of integrated coastal management (ICM) in coastal areas in line
with the requirements of the MPS
Sharing the evidence
base and data where
relevant and appropriate
so as to achieve
consistency in the data
used in plan making and
decisions
• Evidence that the LPA has shared or provided relevant data to the MMO that
can help inform Marine Plans or MPS review
• Demonstration that local plan policy has been underpinned by data provided
by the MMO or the MPS
• Explicit cross-referencing in local plan to MPS, the MMO, their roles, and
relevant marine plans
Coastal Concordat
• An agreement between Defra, DCLG, DfT, the MMO,
Environment Agency, Natural England and the LGA Coastal SiG
• Sets out key principles for coordinating the consenting process
for coastal development to enable sustainable growth in the
coastal zone
• Benefits applicants, regulators and advisors by reducing
regulatory duplication, better sign-posting, streamlining
assessments and increasing transparency and consistency of
advice.
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• The concordat approach can be applied to any applications for individual
projects, if they:
– the intertidal area in estuaries and on the coast and
– require multiple consents including both a marine licence and a planning permission
from the local planning authority
Coastal Concordat
Key Principles
• single point of entry into the regulatory system
• Regulators should agree a single lead authority for coordinating the
requirements of EIA Directive or Habs Regs Assessments
• Where opportunities for dispensing or deferring regulatory
responsibilities are legally possible and appropriate, they should be
taken
• Where possible, at the pre-application stage, competent authorities and
statutory advisors should agree the likely environmental and habitats
assessment evidence requirements of all authorities at all stages of the
consenting process.
• regulators and statutory advisors should each provide coordinated
advice to applicants
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Coastal Concordat
Local Authority adopters – Oct 2014
• Cornwall Council
• Borough Council of Kings Lynn and West Norfolk
• Durham County Council
• Newcastle City Council
• North Norfolk District Council
• Purbeck District Council
• Plymouth City Council
• Portsmouth City Council
• Scarborough District Council
• Southampton City Council
• Suffolk Coastal District Council
• Tendring District Council
• Waveney District Council
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European Maritime Fisheries Fund (EMFF)
• The fund for the EU's maritime and fisheries policies for 2014-2020.
• Launching early 2015.
• UK allocation €243m (£200m).
• The MMO will deliver the England programme and act as the UK
Managing Authority (i.e. making sure all the UK administrations deliver
the funds as agreed in the Operational Programme, and that the UK
programme is administered and monitored effectively as required by the
regulation).
• Fund is used to co-finance projects, along with national funding.
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Scope and objectives
• Designed to help with implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy
and support the fisheries sector more generally
• MS may also use their allocation to support Integrated Maritime Policy,
which cover maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal zone
management processes
• To help fishermen in the transition to sustainable fishing
• To supports coastal communities in diversifying their economies
• For projects that create new jobs and improve quality of life along
European coasts
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ICZM
• Next steps
– Continue to raise awareness on MPS
– Utilise opportunities for further embedding ICZM
into planning and decision making
– Work with EC as it considers it’s next steps
– Refresh Strategy
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• PiNs Marine Planning page at http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/planning/plans/marineplans
• Soundness Test Checklist http://www.pas.gov.uk/web/pas1/local-planning/-
/journal_content/56/332612/15045/ARTICLE#Soundness checklist
• Duty to Cooperate http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/duty-to-
cooperate/what-is-the-duty-to-cooperate-and-what-does-it-require/
• National Planning Policy Framework https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-
policy-framework--2
• MSP Directive http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-ontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0089&from=EN
• Marine Policy Statement
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69322/pb3654-marine-
policy-statement-110316.pdf
• EMFF http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/emff/index_en.htm
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