Impact of Large-Scale PV Penetration on Power System

Voltage and Angle Stability

Caleb Walker and Alex ChanJuly 18, 2013

Knoxville, TN

Overview

• Power system basics• Solar power (CSP and PV)• Our project

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Our Goal

• To research and understand the basics of solar technology and power systems

• Analyze the effect of inserting solar panels into a large-scale power system

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Basic Terminology

• Voltage (V)- Potential energy source

• Current (I)- Flow of electrons, pushed and pulled by voltage

• Resistance(R)- reduces current, causing heat due to friction

Physical Laws

• Faraday’s Law- A voltage is produced on any conductor in a changing magnetic field

• Ampere’s and Lenz’s Law- A current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field around the wire

Power System

Generation

Transmission

• The process of transporting electricity from the generators to the load

• Why does increased voltage yield less power loss?

• S = VI*• Power Loss = I2R

Transformers

• Used to step up and step down voltage• How do they work? Physical Laws 1 and

2!

Solar Power

• Enough energy from the sun falls on the earth in one hour to produce enough power for the world for the year

• Two types: CSP and PV

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

• Uses lenses and mirrors to focus sunlight

• Most common model of CSP is the parabolic trough

CSP Cont.

• It is easy to integrate CSP into the grid because it uses conventional steam turbines

• Run about 20% efficiency• Because of steam turbines, hybrid

configurations can be built

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Photovoltaic Cells

• Device that directly converts sunlight into electricity

• Absorbed light energy is transferred to electrons in the atoms of semiconductor materials

PV Trends

• Crystalline silicon is the most widely used semi-conductor About 20% efficient Accounts for roughly 80% of the market

• Thin film solar cells Well suited for mass production More flexible and easy to integrate Reduce costs but lowers efficiency Amorphous silicon is most common

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“3rd Generation” PV Panels

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PV market dominated by Europe

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PSS/E

• Power System Simulator for Engineering

• Program for simulating, analyzing, and optimizing power system performance

• Power flow calculations

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Our project

• Using PSS/E, we modeled a 39 bus power system and determined the effects of adding PV panels to four of the busses.

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Area Tested

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System before PV is Added

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System After PV is Added

Results-Voltage

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Results-Angle

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Conclusion

• The addition of photovoltaics increases the stability of the power system.

Acknowledgements

• We would like to thank:• Our mentor, Fenkai• CURENT FACULTY

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Questions?

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