Effects of high PV penetration in a low voltage grid - 3e.eu · PDF fileEffects of high PV penetration in a low voltage grid ... Clear Sky Day! ... Transformator-Abgängen im Sekundentakt

Effects of high PV penetration in a low voltage grid

meteoRES Oldenburg University/ ForWind – 19.11.2013

http://www.swu.de/servicecenter













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Agenda

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Top 1: Introduction

Top 2: The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid

Top 3: Results

Top 4: Outlook

Electricity Network SWU Netze GmbH

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Distribution Network Total: 3.131 km HV: 26 km MV: 1.273 km LV: 1.832 km Meter: 53.000 Load: 94 – 282 MW Energy: 1.578 GWhPV-Systems Power: 86.6 MWp Systems: 4.164 Energy: 77,5 GWh

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PV-Development – Number of Systems

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PV-Development – Installed Power

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Agenda

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Top 1: Introduction


Top 3: Results

Top 4: Outlook

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The Idea of Smart-Solar-Grid

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Roofpotential

Grid Data

PV Modell

Shading

Grid Simulation Weather Forecast

Weather Data

Satellit Images

Grid Status, Load Flow, Voltage, Feed In Management

PV System Info

endorse-fp7.eu

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Smart Grid Research at Ulm – Main Questions

! How much PV the grid can take?

! What happens when 25% / 50% ….100% of the houses have PV systems

! How the grid has to be enforced?

! Which technical solutions are available?

! What are the costs?

! Which are the cost effective solutions?

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Test Site 2 at Ulm„Hittistetten“ (setup started)

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Eckdaten" Senden Hittistetten" 2 Trafostationen" 8,6 km Niederspannungskabel /

-freileitung" 110 Netzanschlüsse" 59 PV-Anlagen mit 1162 kW

Anschlussleistung

Senden

Gerlenhofen

Holzschwang

Richtung Ulm

A7

Hittistetten

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Test Site 2 - „Hittistetten“

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Key Figures" Senden Hittistetten" 2 Transformer (630 kVA)" 8,6 km LV cables" 110 Grid connection points" 59 PV-Systems 1.162 kWp" Load 1.124 MWh" PV Input 1.104 MWh

" PV Fraction 100%

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Existing Monitoring Equipment

Energy Counter for PV-Systems• Power 15 Minute time resolution• Voltage 1 Minute-time resolution

„Smart-Meter“ at private selected Households• Power 15 Minuten• Smart Meter Gateway- Conexa

Grid Quality Measurement• Flicker • Voltage Quality (DIN EN 61000-4-30)

Sky-Image• General Electric Research

Local Weather Station/Solar Radiation Measurement• System from Skytron Energy: Solar Radiation, Wind, Temperature

LV Measurement at Transformer• Voltage, current, power at each feeder line

MV Measurement• Voltage at MV bus bar

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http://test.easymeter.com/fileadmin/downloads/oeffentlich/EasyMeter_Re-Logo.jpg?PHPSESSID=jpu78rup5k9or84no0dhqag7f3



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Meteorological data in Ulm

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Meteorological data in Ulm

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Air temperatureRelative humidityWind speed and directionGround temperaturesRainAir pressure10 minutes averages

Air TemperatureWind speed and directionRelative humidityLuminosity

Wind speed and directionAir temperature and pressureRelative humidityPyranometer horizontal and 30 degreeDiffuse irradiance (under construction)10-minutes & Seconds

Air TemperatureWind speed and directionRelative humidityLuminosity

PV-Cell temperature (PT1000)Si-SensorPyranometer CMP11Air temperatureRainWind strength and direction10-Minutes & Seconds

PV-Cell temperature (PT1000)Si-SensorPyranometer CMP11Air temperatureRainWind strength and direction10-Minutes & Seconds

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Agenda

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Top 1: Introduction


Top 3: Results

Top 4: Outlook

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ResultsClear Sky Day

! Power flow at the LV transformer

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Messung an 8 Transformator-Abgängenim Sekundentakt

Gefördert Im Rahmen des EU FP7-Projekts ENDORSE

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ResultsScattered Day

! Power Flow at LV transformer

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ResultsOvercast Day

! Power flow at LV transformer

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Variability Analysis (1 sec resolution)

! Power Change without PV

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Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Umwelt

! Power Change with PV

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Voltage at the LV transformer

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+10% (EN 50160)

-10% (EN 50160)

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+10% (EN 50160)

-10% (EN 50160)

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• Voltage depends on • Load• Generation• Medium voltage

• Load following standard load profile• Generation following irradiance• Medium voltage is NOT constant 10.2 kV

+10% (EN 50160)

-10% (EN 50160)

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Measurements Clear Sky

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• No similarity even under clear sky condition Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Umwelt

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Medium Voltage Change

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Dependency on medium voltage

Dependency ofload and generation

Will get steeper with larger PV share

or weaker grid

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PV Influence on the voltage

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Voltage rise: reduction of the voltage drop over the transformer

Clear Sky Overcast


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Agenda

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Top 1: Introduction


Top 3: Results

Top 4: Outlook

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Pro-Active Grid Planning – Grid Enforcement

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Today: Buildings 130

Load 767 MWh PV-2013 222 kWp Transformer 630 kVA

Future: PV-100% 1.430 kWp PV/Ptr 227 %

Feeder-Lines Load Voltage

A 30% 1,00B 14% 1,00C 170% 1,09D 96% 1,04E 57% 1,03F 111% 1,07G 150% 1,11H 22% 1,05

1,03 pu

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Pro-Active Grid Planning – Feed in management

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Today: Buildings 130

Load 767 MWh PV-2013 222 kWp Transformer 630 kVA

Future: PV-100% 1.430 kWp PV/Ptr 227 %

Feeder-Lines Load Voltage

A 30% 1,00B 14% 1,00C 170% 1,09D 96% 1,04E 57% 1,03F 111% 1,07G 150% 1,11H 22% 1,05

Feed

er H

– P

V10

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Feed in management – better solution

# Precise curtailment on very few days/hours of the year

# Energy losses about 0,3%/year

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Solar Roof Potential Analysis

! Test Site Einsingen All roofs with PV Systems!! Transformer 630 kVA! PV Roof Power 1430 kWp

Two times solar energy compared to load! Load 747 MWh! PV Input 1500 MWh! BUT NOT DURING NIGHT! NOT ENOUGH DURING WINTER

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Gefördert durch SWU, Stadt Ulm und Sparkasse Ulm

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" Standard solar roofpotential analysis

" Old Data (2002)" Rough Estimate

(app. 1 Point/m²)

Solar Roof Potential Analysis – Experiences

GoogleMaps LUBW Potentialatlas EE

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" No useful results



(app. 1 Point/m²)


GoogleMaps

SunArea + GridIt

LUBW Potentialatlas EE

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" Improved results

" Still problems with existing PV

" No useful results



(app. 1 Point/m²)


GoogleMaps

SunArea + GridIt

LUBW Potentialatlas EE

SunArea + Blom

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" Improved results

" Still problems with existing PV

" No useful results



(app. 1 Point/m²)


GoogleMaps

" New flight data

" Excellent results

" Correct analysis ofexisting PV-systems

SunArea + GridIt

LUBW Potentialatlas EE Laserscanner 2013

SunArea + Blom

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Smart Grid Gateway needed

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Our Research Projects are supported by:

Projects Financing Partner

ENDORSESolar Power Forecast

EU-FP7-Space(2010-2013)

Ecole d‘Mines, DLR,…

SmartSolarGridSmart Grid Gateway for PV-Systems

EU-EFRE-BW(2012-2014)

THEBEN, KACO, SWU, AMA Systems, BTC,Solare Datensysteme, Hessware

PVSYS-NSLV-Grid-Optimisation

BMU(2012-2014)

ZSW, SWU

NATHAN PVGrid Planning

BMBF(2013-2017)

SWU, Uni Agder (NO), AMA Systems, Digsilent

OrPHEuSElectricity/Gas/Heat

EU-FP7-ICT(2013-2016)

WIP, AIT, TU Wien, SWU, UNI/DSO Schweden, NEC

Contact:

Prof. Gerd HeilscherHolger RufFalko Ebe

Hochschule Ulm - University of Applied SciencesInstitut für Energie- und Antriebstechnik Eberhard Finckh Str. 1189075 UlmMail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Florian Meier

SWU Netze GmbHHead of Network PlanningKarlstraße 189073 Ulm Tel.: 0731 / 166 - 1810Mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]






Documents

Effects of high PV penetration in a low voltage grid - 3e.eu · PDF fileEffects of high PV penetration in a low voltage grid ... Clear Sky Day! ... Transformator-Abgängen im Sekundentakt