GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM
CORPORATION (GSPC)
October 2020
Prepared by
M/s SV Enviro Labs & Consultants
Recognized by GOI, MoEF&CC, QCI Accredited
Enviro House, B-1, Block-B, IDA, Autonagar,
Visakhapatnam – 530012
Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda
UNDERTAKING
This is to certify that M/s. SV Enviro Labs & Consultants is a NABL Accredited, ISO
9001:2008 certified company and is recognised by Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Further, this Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the proposed Development
of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed facilities at Kheda been carried out by M/s. SV Enviro
Labs & Consultants and the prescribed ToR’s have been complied with and the data
submitted in the Draft EIA report is factually correct.
Thanks and Regards,
M. Murali Krishna
Managing Partner
October, 2020
DECLARATION BY EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EIA
“Draft Environmental Impact Assessment” for the proposed Development of 8 wells by
setting up of 7 proposed facilities at Kheda by Gujarat Petroleum Corporation Limited
(GSPC).
I hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the
above EIA/EMP.
EIA Co-ordinator :
Name : M. Murali Krishna
Signature :
Period of Involvement : 23rd March’ 2019 to 22nd June’ 2019
Functional Area Experts:
S.No Functional
Areas
Name of the Expert Category as per NABET
Involvement (Period and task**)
Signature and Date
1 AP * M. Murali Krishna
V. Hema Latha
(TM)
K. Anitha (TM)
A Air Pollution
monitoring,
prevention &
control
2 WP * V. Hema Latha
A Water Pollution
monitoring,
prevention &
control
3 SHW * K. Anitha
A Solid waste
management
4 SE * Dr. B. Vijay
Bhaskara Rao
A Socioeconomic
studies
5 EB * Dr. M. Tarakeswara
Naidu
A Ecology and Bio-
diversity
6 HG * Dr. G.V.A
Ramakrishna
A Hydrology
7 GEO * Dr. G.V.A
Ramakrishna
A Geology
8 SC * D. Sunder Rao M.
M. Tarakeswara
Naidu (TM)
A Soil conservation
9 AQ * M. Murali Krishna A Air quality
modelling
10 NV * M. Murali Krishna A Noise and vibration
11 LU * Jada Srinivasa Rao A Land use studies
12 RH * Shaik Kasim
V. Hema Latha
(TM)
A Risk and hazard
study
*One TM against each FAE may be shown
** Please attach additional sheet if required
Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person
I, M. Murali Krishna, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the Draft
EIA for proposed Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed facilities at Kheda.
Signature:
Name: M. Murali Krishna
Designation: Managing Partner
Name of the EIA consultant organization: SV Enviro Labs & Consultants
NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/1821/SA0118 Dt: 28.09.2020
CHAPTER – I
INTRODUCTION
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
1 - 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s. Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited has been established in year 1979 as a
Government of Gujarat undertaking and is involved in Exploration and Production of Oil and
Gas. GSPC has grown from being an operator of small fields in Gujarat into an expansive oil
and gas exploration and production company across India. Its rise in the hydrocarbon sector
was helped by the Central Government’s opening of the sector to private participation in the
early 1990s, GSPC constructed India’s first and only Land Based Drilling Platform in the
Hazira gas field in 1998, through which gas is being supplied to various industries across
Gujarat.
Block CB-ON/2
The block, CB-ON/2 was awarded to the consortium of GSPC, ONGC & GEO GLOBAL
BARBADOS INC, during PRE NELP round bidding by Govt. Of India wherein GSPC is
operator for the block. With the subsequent discovery of oil in these wells, surface facilities
are required to be developed to commence the commercial production from 8 wells
(development nature). All these wells were drilled after obtaining EC from MoEFCC for
drilling and some of them were quite old and drilled prior to the issue of EIA Notification
2006.
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the Environmental,
social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making
tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects.
EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed
project and ensure that these impacts are taken into account during the project designing.
The Environmental Impact Assessment has been prepared in terms of EIA notification of the
MoEF dated 14-9-2006, as amended on 1st Dec 2009, 4th April 2011 and approved ToR.
Environmental Clearance for onshore exploration, development and production of oil & gas
project falls under category “A”.
The application for prior Environmental Clearance (Form-1 and Pre-feasibility report) for
establishing development facilities for oil and gas at 8 wells locations (onshore) with seven
Early Production systems (EPS) facilities in Block CB-ON/02 (Tarapur Block) has been
submitted to MoEF&CC on 11th January 2017. Terms of Reference (ToR) has been issued by
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
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MoEF&CC vide letter reference F. No.J-11011/17/2017-IA.II (I) on 26.05.2017 and
approved ToR copy enclosed as Annexure-I.
The EIA report is prepared in line with the ToR issued by MoEFCC to address the anticipated
environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposing the mitigation measures for the
same for obtaining Environmental Clearances (EC) from MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The report
covers the primary data of baseline collected during 23rd March’2019 to 22nd June’2019 of
pre-monsoon season. Secondary Baseline survey of existing Environmental attributes are also
taken which helped in evaluating Environmental impacts due to the proposed activities and in
formulating a scientific Environmental Management Plan.
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
1.2.1 Identification of Project
Development of Eight (8 nos) exploratory well locations by setting up of seven (7 nos) Early
Production Systems (EPS) facilities in the Block CB-ON/02 are proposed to evaluate the
hydrocarbon potential and production of hydrocarbons. The block lies in the Kheda and
Anand districts of Gujarat State.
1.2.2 Project Proponent
Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited, Gandhinagar (Undertaking Government of
Gujarat) is involved in Exploration and Production of hydrocarbon across a number of oil and
gas blocks in India and abroad. GSPC awarded CB-ON/02 Block to the consortium of GSPC,
ONGC & GEO GLOBAL BARBADOS INC, during PRE NELP round of bidding by Govt.
of India wherein GSPC is operator for the Block.
Address of Industry M/s. GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM CORPORATION
LIMITED
Site Address: Tarapur Block, CB-ON/02,
Taluka: Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda, Tarapur
District: Kheda & Anand
State: Gujarat
Communication Address:
The Chief Operating Officer
M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited
GSPC Bhavan, Behind Udyog Bhavan,
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Gandhinagar – 382 010, Gujarat
1.3 NATURE OF PROJECT
In order to increase the commercial production of the block, GSPC is planning to carry out
below activities in the Tarapur Block of CB-ON/02.
Setting up EPS at well site: Construction and Commissioning of early production
facilities at each well or combined well sites depending upon oil and gas potential
of the wells to optimize number of locations.
Connecting wells to EPS through Laying 4"/6" underground pipeline from PNE#1/
PNE#2 to PNE#2/ PNE#1
1.4 PROJECT SIZE AND LOCATION
1.4.1 Size of the project
GSPC has identified onshore eight exploratory wells of oil & gas in the non-forest area of
Tarapur Block CB-ON/02 in Kheda and Anand districts of Gujarat State. The proposed
project is for development operations in the field by setting up of EPS facilities. There shall
be production of oil & gas using surface production facilities as per standard oil industry
operating norms and regulations.
1.4.1 Location of the project
Taluka: Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda & Tarapur
District: Kheda and Anand
State: Gujarat
1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT TO COUNTRY AND REGION
The demand for petroleum has recorded a considerable increase over the last few years.
There is a considerable increase in consumption of petroleum products due to the
development activities in the country in the last few years. During the year 2016-17, the
consumption of petroleum products in India was 194.60 MMT with a growth of 5.37% as
compared to consumption of 184.67 MMT during 2015-16. The consumption of petroleum
products during April-November, 2017 was at 134.60 MMT i.e. an increase of 3.40% over
130.17 MMT in April-November, 2016. The crude oil production for the year 2016-17 is at
36.01 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) as against production of 36.94 MMT in 2015-16,
showing a decrease of about 2.53%. Whereas Natural Gas production during the year 2016-
17 is at 31.90 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) which is 1.09% lower than production of 32.25
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
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BCM in 2015-16. Import of crude oil during 2016-17 was 213.93 MMT valued at 470159
crore as against import of 202.85 MMT valued at 416579 crore in 2015-16 which marked an
increase of 5.46% in quantity terms and 12.86% in value terms as compared to the import of
crude oil during 2015-16.
India is largely dependent on import of petroleum goods to meet its requirements. Facing an
environment of increasing consumption, static reserves, increasing imports and increasing
costs of crude as well as decreasing value of the Indian Rupee vis-à-vis the US Dollar, it
follows that any accretion of hydrocarbon reserves in the country, is welcome.
Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation (GSPC) is planning to carry out construction of early
production facilities at eight well sites and connecting wells to seven EPS through laying of
underground pipelines. The project would help in enhancing hydrocarbon production and
reducing India’s dependence on imports. The proposed project would also contribute to the
state Government of Gujarat in terms of royalty through the mining lease. Additionally the
proposed project would generate direct and indirect employment in the region.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed development
operations in the block, GSPC has to prepare EIA Report for various environmental
components including air, noise, water, land and biological components along with
parameters of human interest which may be affected and to prepare an Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts.
The basic scope for this study involves conducting an EIA study for one season (about three
months duration) to understand the environmental and social impacts of the project and
recommend suitable preventive / mitigative actions through the Environment Management
Plan (EMP). Scope of the study includes:
Conducting reconnaissance visit to assess the environmental and socio economic
setting of the block
Undertaking site visits for collection of primary and secondary data on environmental
and social setting in the CB-ON/02 block
Conducting public consultation
Assessing environmental and social impacts
Formulating Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
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Identifying the risks associated with the project and delineating a disaster management
plan
1.7 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES & APPLICABLE LAWS/REGULATIONS
There is no legal case against the project in the proposed project as stated by the project
proponent.
The relevant NOC’s and licenses will be obtained from the statutory agencies under the
following Acts, Rules and amendments and OEPL will adhere to the guidelines specified in:
The Explosive Act, 1884 and the Explosive Rules 1983
Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 1959 under Oilfields (Regulation and
Development) Act, 1948
Oil Mines Regulations 1984 (OMR) under the Mines Act, 1952
Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules 1989 amended in
2010.
The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 under the
Environment (Protection) Act – 1986 and its amendments to date
Petroleum Act, 2000 with Rules
Explosives Act, 1884 with rules
Electrical Installation Under Electricity Rules, 1956
Central Electricity Authority Regulation, 2010
Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
The proposed project will abide and function under the purview of the following Rules, Acts
& Regulations which are formulated by the Government of India to protect the environment
and development in a sustainable way.
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006 and
subsequent amendments.
The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008 and its amendment in 2016.
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
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The MSIHC (Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals) rules
1989 and amendment in 2000.
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its amendments
Accordingly, the project has to comply with the following mandatory clearances for
establishing the proposed project.
Comply with CPCB guidelines for establishing and operating the project.
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS IN THE STUDY AREA
Collection of base line data is an integral aspect of the preparation of Environmental Impact
Assessment report. Base line data reflects the present status of Environment before the
initiation of any activity of the proposed project. The possible effects due to the proposed
project are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline data subsequently to asses
Environmental impacts.
Pre project environment assessment was conducted in the study area during 23rd March’ 2019
to 22nd June’ 2019. Studies were under taken to generate base line data of the following:-
1. GEOLOGY
2. HYDROGEOLOGY
3. METEOROLOGY
4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
5. WATER ANALYSIS - GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER
6. NOISE LEVELS
7. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
8. ECOLOGY
9. LAND USE / LAND COVER
10. SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUS SURROUNDING THE PROJECT SITE.
1.9 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF EIA DOCUMENT
In terms of the EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent
amendments, the generic structure of the EIA document should be as under:
Chapter – I: Introduction
Chapter – II: Project Description
Chapter – III: Description of the Environment
Chapter – IV: Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
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Chapter – V: Analysis of alternatives (Technology and site)
Chapter – VI: Environmental Monitoring Programme
Chapter – VII: Additional Studies
Chapter – VIII: Project Benefits
Chapter – IX: Environmental Management Plan
Chapter – X: Summary & Conclusion
Chapter – XI: Disclosure of Consultants engaged
1.10 COMPLIANCE TO TOR
ToR F.No.IA-J-11011/17/2017-IA.II(I) dated 26.05.2017
Sl. No. TOR Points TOR Compliance/Section No.
Additional ToR
1 Environmental Sensitivity within 1
km of each drilling location will be
submitted in the EIA/EMP report
Environmental Sensitivity provided in Table
2.4 of Chapter 2 of page no 2-4.
2 Public Hearing to be conducted as
per the provisions of the EIA
Notification, 2006
Noted
Standard Terms of Reference
1 Executive Summary of the Project The same is attached along with EIA report.
2 Project Description, project
objectives and Project Benefits
Project Description in section 2.6 of Chapter 2
of page no 2-14, Project Objectives in section
2.2 and Project Benefits provided in Chapter 8
of page no 8-1 of EIA report.
3 Cost of Project and period of
completion
Cost of Project provided in section 2.8 of
Chapter 2 of page no 2-21.
4 Site details within 1km of the each
proposed well, any habitation, any
other installation/activity, flora and
fauna approachability to Site, other
activities including agricultural/ land,
satellite imagery for 10 km area. All
Land use map showing habitation etc. is
prepared and provided in Fig 3.13 of page no
3-71, Flora and Fauna are given in section
3.11 of page no 3-41. Satellite image shown in
Fig 2.2 of page no 2-7 and Toposheet given in
Fig 2.3 of page no 2-8 of Chapter 2.
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
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the geological details shall be
mentioned in the Topo sheet of
1:40000 scale, superimposing the
well locations and other structures of
the projects. Topography of the
project site.
5 Details of sensitive areas such as
National Park, Wildlife sanctuary and
any other eco-sensitive area
along with map indicating distance.
There are No National park/Wildlife
Sanctuaries/ReserveForests/ Eco sensitive
areas within 10 km distance from the project
site
6 Approval for the forest land from the
State/Central Govt. under Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980, if
applicable.
There is no forest land involved in the
proposed project so forest clearance is not
required.
7 Recommendation of SCZMA/CRZ
clearance as per CRZ Notification
dated 6th January, 2011 (if
applicable).
Not Applicable as the project is away from
marine and coastal water bodies.
8 Distance from nearby
critically/severely polluted area as
per Notification, if applicable. Status
of moratorium imposed on the area.
No critically/severely polluted area
is present within 10km radius of the
Tarapur block.
9 Does proposal involve rehabilitation
and resettlement? If yes, details
thereof.
The proposed project will not require
rehabilitation and resettlement.
10 Environmental considerations in the
selection of the drilling locations for
which environmental clearance
is being sought. Present any analysis
suggested for minimizing the foot
print giving details of drilling
and development options considered.
Drilling locations were finalized based on
seismic exploratory surveys. Safe distances
will be kept from nearest receptor.
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11 Baseline data collection for air, water
and soil for one season leaving the
monsoon season in an area
of 10 km radius with centre of Oil
Field as its centre covering the area
of all proposed drilling wells.
The baseline studies were carried out from
23rdMarch 2019 to 22ndJune 2019 during Pre
monsoon season. Details provided in Chapter
3 of page no 3-1 of EIA report.
12 Climatology and Meteorology
including wind speed, wind direction,
temperature rainfall relative humidity
etc.
Climatological and Meteorological study
including wind speed, wind direction,
temperature, relative humidity, rainfall
was conducted and the results are provided
in Section 3.4 of page no 3-3 of Chapter 3.
13 Details of Ambient Air Quality
monitoring at 8 locations for PM2.5,
PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, VOCs,
Methane and non-methane HC.
Locations of Ambient Air Quality monitoring
are given in section 3.5 of page no 3-9 and
results Ambient Air Quality monitoring is
given in page no 3-11 of Chapter 3.
14 Soil sample analysis (physical and
chemical properties) at the areas
located at 5 locations.
Details of Soil Sampling analysis are given in
Table 3.14, section 3.7 of page no 3.30 of
Chapter 3.
15 Ground and surface water quality in
the vicinity of the proposed wells
site.
Surface water and ground water quality have
been monitored and results are given in
section 3.6 of page no 3-25 and 3-24
respectively of Chapter 3.
16 Measurement of Noise levels within
1 km radius of the proposed wells
Noise level survey results are given in Table
3.17 of section 3.8 of page no 3-34.
17 Vegetation and land use; flora/fauna
in the block area with details of
endangered species, if any
Details of flora and fauna are given in section
of 3.11 of page no 3-41 of Chapter 3.
18 Incremental GLC as a result of DG
set operation, flaring etc.
Incremental GLC concentration results are
mentioned in section 4.7.1 of page no 4-6 of
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CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 4.
19 Potential environmental impact
envisaged during various stages of
project activities such as site
activation, development, operation/
maintenance and decommissioning.
Potential Environmental Impacts envisaged
during various stages of Project activities is
given in Chapter 4.
20 Actual source of water and
'Permission' for the drawl of water
from the Competent Authority.
Detailed water balance, wastewater
generation and discharge.
The water requirement for the project
activities will be sourced through bore well
within the premises and/or through tanker in
case of additional requirement from public
sources.Water requirement and wastewater
generation details and mode of treatment given
in section 2.7.1 of page no 2-20 of Chapter 2.
21 Noise abatement measures and
measures to minimize disturbance
due to light and visual intrusions.
Noise control measures are given in section
4.8 of page no 4-10 of Chapter 4.
22 Details on wastewater generation,
treatment and utilization /discharge
for produced water/ formation
water, cooling waters, other
wastewaters, etc. during all project
phases.
Wastewater generation details and mode of
treatment are given in section 2.7.1 of page no
2-20 of Chapter 2 and section 4.9.2 of page no
4-12 of Chapter 4.
23 Details on solid waste management
for drill cuttings, drilling mud and oil
sludge, produced sand, radioactive
materials, other hazardous materials,
etc. including its disposal options
during all project phases.
Details on solid waste management given in
section 9.4.10 of page no 9-13 of Chapter 9.
24 Disposal of spent oil and lube. Management of used oil details are given in
Table 2.9, section 2.7.4 of page no 2-21 of
Chapter 2.
25 Storage of chemicals and diesel at Chemicals will be transported to site from
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site. Hazardous material usage,
storage and accounting.
GSPC warehouse. Diesel will be stored in a
tank at the sites. Details provided in section
2.7.4 of page no 2-21 of Chapter 2.
26 Commitment for the use of water
based mud (WBM) only
GSPC is committed to use Water based
drilling muds WBM only
27 Oil spill emergency plans for
recovery/ reclamation.
Oil Spill Management Plan given in section
9.4.9 of page no 9-12 of Chapter 9.
28 H2S emissions control. Sources of H2S emission are not envisaged in
the project, however GSPC H2S contingency
plan shall be in place for any exigencies.
29 Produced oil/gas handling,
processing and storage/
transportation.
Produced crude will be transported to Delivery
Point through road tankers and after
processing sent to IOC refinery through
underground trunk pipeline.
Produced gas used internally in Bath
heater/Heater Treater to heat/treat the oil for
maintaining the mobility of crude oil for
transportation. If feasible, excess gas may be
sold to local buyers.
30 Details of control of air, water and
noise pollution during production
phase.
Details of control of air, water and noise
pollution during production phase provided in
section 9.4.3, 9.4.4and 9.4.5 of page no from
9-6 to 9-10 of Chapter 9.
31 Measures to protect ground water and
shallow aquifers from contamination.
GSPC has its own cementing and Casing
Policy, which has been implemented to protect
Groundwater and shallow aquifer from
contamination.
32 Whether any burn pits being utilised
for well test operations.
Burn pits will not be utilized for well test
operations.
33 Risk assessment and disaster
management plan for independent
reviews of well designed
Risk assessment and disaster management
plan details are given in Additional studies
Chapter 7 of page no 7-2 of Chapter 7.
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CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
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construction etc. for prevention of
blow out. Blowout preventer
installation.
34 Environmental management plan. EMP provided in Chapter 9 of page no 9-1 of
EIA report.
35 Total capital and recurring cost for
environmental control measures.
Total capital and recurring cost for
environmental control measures given in
section 9.6 of page no 9-22 of Chapter 9.
36 Emergency preparedness plan Emergency preparedness plan provided in
Additional studies in page nos from 7-20 to 7-
38 of Chapter 7 of EIA report.
37 Decommissioning and restoration
plans.
Not Applicable
38 Documentary proof of membership
of common disposal facilities, if any.
If required, shall be taken at the time of SPCB
clearances
39 Details of environmental and safety
related documentation within the
company including documentation
and proposed occupational health and
safety Surveillance Safety
Programme for all personnel at
site. This shall also include
monitoring programme for the
environmental.
GSPC shall maintain the required documents
including documentation and proposed
occupational health and safety Surveillance
Safety Programme for all personnel at site
within the company
40 A copy of Corporate Environment
Policy of the company as per the
Ministry's O.M. No. J-11013/
41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 26th April,
2011 available on the Ministry's
website.
HSE Policyof GSPC provided as Annexure-II
41 Any litigation pending against the
project and or any direction/order
Not Applicable
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CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION
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passed by any court of law
against the project. If so details
thereof.
CHAPTER – II
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Development of 8 wells bysetting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER - II PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
2 - 1
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited, Gandhinagar (Undertaking Government of
Gujarat) is involved in Exploration and Production of hydrocarbons across a number of oil and
gas blocks in India. Bock CB-ON/2 was awarded to the consortium of GSPC, ONGC & GEO
GLOBAL BARBADOS INC during PRE NELP round of bidding by Govt. of India wherein
GSPC is operator for the block. GSPC drilled several exploratory wells in the block the past few
decades.
With the discovery of hydrocarbons in some of these wells, Surface production facilities are
required to be installed to commence the commercial production from 8 wells (exploratory,
appraisal & development nature).
Accordingly, GSPC is planning to carry out construction of Production Facilities (EPS) at each
or combined well sites (depending on technical and commercial feasibility to optimize the
numbers of EPS) and connecting wells to EPS through laying of 4”/6“ underground pipeline.
GSPC proposes development of 8 well wellhead locations with workover operations; well
stimulations and associated enhanced production techniques and setting up of 7 Early
Production systems (EPS) and related facilities in the block CB-ON/02 (Tarapur Block) in
Gujarat State.
Table 2.1 Salient features of the proposed project
Particulars Details
Company Name Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited
Name of the Block and
Location
CB-ON/02 (Tarapur Block) situated in Kheda and Anand
districts of Gujarat state
Area of Block 570 Sq. km
Site Co-ordinates Shown in Table 2.2
Category of the Project As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006 as amended
from time to time, this project falls under “1 (b)”- Offshore
and onshore oil and gas exploration, development &
production
Activity Involved Development activities of wellhead production facilities at 8
well locations by setting up of seven early production systems
(EPS) and allied facilities in CB-ON/2 (Tarapur Block) and
Development of 8 wells bysetting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER - II PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
2 - 2
Laying 4"/6" underground pipelines: from PNE#1/ PNE#2 to
PNE#2/ PNE#1 well locations
Land Requirement Land acquisition on 5 yearly rental basis and adequate
compensation is being paid regularly to the land owners.
Size or Magnitude of
Operation
Production from each well: Crude Oil: 30-40 SCM/day and
Gas: 3000-5000 SCM/day
Water Requirement Water will be sourced through bore well (own) within the site
and/or taken through tankers from public sources in case of
additional requirement. Water requirement of 6 KLD per EPS
will be sourced either through bore well or tanker. Water
balance chart is attached
Power Requirement MGVCL (Motive:100 HP & Light:25 KVA)
Emergency supply by 62.5 KVA DG set
Waste generation Produced Wastewater: Initially no produced water is
expected from the wells however the water produced may
increase, upto 10 SCM/day/well in the later stages of the
field production life which will be disposed as per standard
oil industry practices and applicable oil filed wastewater
discharge rules.
Domestic Wastewater: About 1.0 KLD/EPS generated at
each site shall be disposed to well-designed soak pit
constructed at site or sent to authorized CETP
Domestic Solid Waste: 1-2 kg/day/EPS generated at each
site will be segregated at source (Organic/Inorganic) and
disposed accordingly.
Hazardous waste:
Waste/used oil: 10-15 litres/year at each site, it will be
used for internal purpose.
Oily Cotton waste: 30 kg/month at each site, it will be
handed to authorized disposal site.
Waste Sludge oil: 1 SCM/month will be generated and
stored in container/cement drain pit and will be sent to
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authorized disposal site.
Employment Generation At EPS 6-10 people will work in each shift (3 shifts in 2
hours)
Estimated Project Cost Rs. 3-4 Crores in the development of production facilities at
each site
2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT
Work over of the temporarily abandoned wells and drilling of development wells in an area of
570 Sq. Km of CB-ON/2 block under Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda and Tarapur Talukas of
Kheda and Anand Districts of Gujarat for hydrocarbon prospect and gas pipeline (with
associated facilities) connecting the production wells to proposed EPS through pipeline. The
well fluid from the wells is routed to the EPS through the flow lines.
Demand & Supply
Energy, be it conventional or non-conventional is the basic requirement for the mankind. In
present day scenario, the consumption of energy has been increased with the growth of
population and their demand for improved amenities. Keeping the required growth rate and
rising energy demand for hydrocarbons in view, the Government of India has come out with
plans to encourage national, private and foreign companies to explore and develop the
hydrocarbon prospects. With this objective, the Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation has been
awarded a block in Gujarat state during PRE NELP round of bidding by Govt. of India. The Oil
& Gas produced will be utilized for domestic purpose only. There is enough demand in
domestic market.
2.3 SITE CHARACTERISTICS
2.3.1 Location
The total area of block CB-ON/2 is 570 Sq. Km. Government of India has awarded CB-ON/2
block under Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda and Tarapur Talukas of Kheda and Anand Districts of
Gujarat to M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation during PRE NELP round of bidding by
Govt. of India.Location details of EPS, existing wells connected to EPS are given in Table 2.2
and 2.3. Location map shown in Figure 2.1 and satellite image in Figure 2.2
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Table 2.2 Location details of existing connected wells
S. No Well Name Latitude Longitude Village Taluka District
1. PNE#1 22°44’15.99”N 72°42’28.29"E Ratanpur Matar Kheda
2. PNE#2 22°43’36.30”N 72°42’44.10"E Vansar Matar Kheda
3. TS#10 22°19’23.20”N 72°45’33.80"E Khandroti Borsad Anand
4. P1#East 22°37’24.50”N 72°39’02.60"E Nagrama Matar Kheda
5. Vaso#2 22°40’19.00”N 72°43’13.00"E Alindra Vaso Kheda
6. Changara#1 22°32’25.00”N 72°3313.00"E Chngada Tarapur Anand
7. Kheda#1 22°45’00.00”N 72°43’00.00"E Khumaravad Kheda Kheda
8. Indernaj 22°30’00.00”N 72°32’28.29"E Indranaj Tarapur Anand
Source: Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation
Table 2.3 Proposed locations for EPS creation
S. No Production facility (EPS) location
1. Either at PNE#1 or PNE#2
2. TS#10
3. P1#East
4. Vaso#2
5. Changara#1
6. Kheda#1
7. Indernaj
Note: P1#East and Indranaj wells and EPS are completely dropped.
2.3.2 Approach to the site
Available options of roads, railway lines and air transport to approach Tarapur EPS passing
through study area (10 km surrounding area) are mentioned below:
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Road
Vasad- Tarapur - Bagodara State highway is at ~7 km (Aerial distance) in South
direction from the Tarapur EPS
Sojitra - Dholka State highway is at ~10 km (Aerial distance) in North from Tarapur
EPS
By Rail
Nearest broad gauge railway station is at Anand (~ 45 Km) which is well connected to
Ahmedabad and Mumbai.
By Air
Nearest airport is at Ahmedabad (Sardar Patel International Airport). It has both
domestic as well as international connectivity (80 km from site).
2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION
The proposed development of wells and early production is expected to carry out:
1. From each well Crude Oil: 30-40 SCM/day Crude oil and Gas: 3000-5000 SCM/day
2. Connecting wells to EPS through Laying 4"/6" underground pipeline from PNE#1/
PNE#2 to PNE#2/ PNE#1
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Fig 2.1 Location map
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Fig 2.2 Satellite image showing the Block boundary and Well Locations
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Fig 2.3 Topo map of the 10 km radius
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Fig 2.4 Proposed pipeline route from PNE#1/ PNE#2 to PNE#2/ PNE#1
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2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY OF THE WELLS
The environmental sensitivity around 1 km radius of the drilling wells is given as Table 2.4
and maps shown in the following figures
Table 2.4: Environment sensitivity of the 1 km radius of wells
S. No Well Name Latitude & Longitude
Village Environment sensitivity within 1km radius
1 PNE#1 22°44’15.99”N 72°42’28.29"E
Ratanpur Agriculture fields, Ratanpur Village, Sedhi River and Ratanpur lake
2 PNE#2 22°43’36.30”N 72°42’44.10"E
Vansar Agriculture fields, Vansar lake and Vansar village
3 TS#10 22°19’23.20”N 72°45’33.80"E
Khandroti Agriculture fields
4 P1#East 22°37’24.50”N 72°39’02.60"E
Nagrama Agriculture fields, Nagrama village and Nagrama Talav
5 Vaso#2 22°40’19.00”N 72°43’13.00"E
Alindra Agriculture fields and Alindra village
6 Changara#1 22°32’25.00”N 72°3313.00"E
Chngada Dry pond and stream
7 Kheda#1 22°45’00.00”N 72°43’00.00"E
Khumaravad Sedhi River, Open Scrub and Kheda village
8 Indernaj 22°30’00.00”N 72°32’28.29"E
Indranaj Agriculture fields
1. P1#East
Fig 2.5: 1 km environmental sensitivity (P1#East)
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1. PNE#1
Fig 2.6: 1 km environmental sensitivity (PNE#1)
2. PNE#2
Fig 2.7: 1 km environmental sensitivity (PNE#2)
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3. TS#10
Fig 2.7: 1 km environmental sensitivity (TS#10)
4. Vaso#2
Fig 2.8: 1 km environmental sensitivity (Vaso#2)
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5. Kheda#1
Fig 2.9: 1 km environmental sensitivity (Kheda#1)
2.6 PRODUCTION OPERATION
2.6.1 Overview
Where a hydrocarbon formation is found, initial well tests - possibly lasting more than one
month (if tested by work over rig, which is smaller to a drilling rig) are conducted to establish
flow rates of oil & gas and formation pressure along with other reservoir parameters. These
tests may then generate data of expected production of oil, gas and formation water. On
completion of testing the well would be declared oil / gas producer or dry.
In the event of hydrocarbon strike, the well will be completed with a well head in place at
surface along with Christmas tree and casing & tubing inside the hole down to the desired
reservoir depth (say 2500-3000 m).
In the event of no hydrocarbon strike, the site would be restored to its original form (as far as
possible) and the well will be abandoned following standard practices.
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2.6.2 Process Description
Surface facilities are designed considering potential of well for the handling of produced
Fluid/hydrocarbons (Oil, Gas & water) from the Oil well. Surface production facility mainly
comprises of collection, separation, storage, heating, crude loading, flaring of associated gas,
gas metering and despatch etc. including associated support facilities like fire fighting pumps,
fire hydrants and other safety provisions as per statutory guidelines.
Reservoir pressure at these well sites is sufficient for the production of crude oil and natural
gas. Initially oil shall be produced due to the naturally occurring pressure i.e. self-flow at site.
After depletion of reservoir pressure, artificial lift will be installed to lift the fluid from well
bore up to surface.
Handling of Hydrocarbon (Oil + Water + Gas)
Produced hydrocarbons from wells flows through 4”/6” underground pipe line up to EPS
(Early Production System)
Firstly, in to the well manifold
Then, if required, directed to the Bath Heaters for raising the temperature of fluid 45-
50°C for ensuring its mobility.
Dozing of chemical (Demulsifier/PPD) for treating produced emulsified fluid before
entering to the Bath Heater, if required.
From here, the fluid (Liquid + gas) flows into the separators for separation of liquid
(oil + water) & gas.
Handling of Separated Liquid HC (Crude Oil + Water, if any)
Separated liquid hydrocarbons through separator, flows into Heater Treater for phase
separation/processing (if required) and then passed to overhead storage tanks for measurement
& storage. Proper settling time given to the liquid in the storage tank
If liquid contains water after separation, it will be drained from the tank bottom to
effluent drain pit. Further effluent water will either be disposed at CETP or will be
treated by mobile ETP and the treated water is disposed off as per Environment
discharge standards of State PCB.
Remaining crude oil with no or reduced water% will be loaded in tankers via the
tanker loading point and transported to ONGC-CTF, Nawagam.
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Handling of produced associated Gas
The gas coming out of the separator will be measured and will be utilized as follows
Mostly utilized as a fuel for Bath Heater for crude oil heating.
Part of it is utilized in place of instrument air for operation of pressure, temperature
and level control valves.
Part of Gas will be supplied to local nearby industry(s) through underground pipeline,
if feasible.
The excess gas generated would be sent to flare stack for flaring, if any. No cold venting
of gas is done due to safety reasons.
After depletion of reservoir pressure leading to cease of self-flow life of well, artificial lift
method will be proposed to bring oil on the surface to maintain the production.
Two-stage separator
Separator will be designed to separate production fluids into their constituents, components
of Oil, Gas and water. It will work on the principle of separation due to density difference,
velocity reduction, and gravity.
Once the oil and other fluids have been separated, the oil will leave the vessel at the bottom
through a dump valve that is controlled by the level controller. The gas which has now been
separated will reach to the top. This gas will leave through the top and is passed through a
meter run for measurement purposes.
The detailed process flow diagram of production system is shown in Figure 2.10 and the
standard layout of proposed EPS is shown in Figure 2.11
Proposed EPS Facility:
The list of facilities that will be installed at EPS is shown in Table 2.5
Table 2.5 List of facilities at EPS
S. No. Detail/Equipment Quantity/Capacity
1 Storage Tank (OHT: Over
Head Storage Tank )
3+3 = 6 No’s (Each Tank Capacity – 45 m3, Total –
180 m3)
2 Vertical Two Phase
Separators
2 No’s (Liquid Handling Capacity: 1500 BOPD &
Gas Handling Capacity: 3.5 mmscf/day)
3 Indirect Water Bath Heater 2 No’s (Heating Capacity: Inlet 20-30°C & Outlet:
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50-70°C, amount of fluid to be heated: 15 MT/hr)
4 Heater Treater (Optional) 1 No (Amount of fluid to be heated: 20 MT/hr)
5 Hot Water Circulation Pump 2 No’s (Flow rate: 10 m3/hr with flame proof
motor)
6 Chemical Dosing Pump 2 No’s (Flow rate: 0-6 lt/hr with flame proof
reciprocating pump)
7 Fire Fighting Facilities
i. Diesel driven centrifugal
pump
2 No’s (Capacity: 171m3/hr at 7 kg/cm2)
ii. Jockey pump 1 No (Capacity: 15HP x 10 kg/cm2 for maintain
water line pressure)
iii. Standard type water cum
foam monitors
4 No’s
iv. Standard post type water
hydrants with double outlet
6 No’s
v. Water reservoir tank 400 m3
vi. Portable fire extinguisher
of different types as per
OISD 1959
10 kg DCP Extinguishers – 15 Nos.
6.8 kg CO2 Fire Extinguishers – 5 Nos.
25 kg Trolley type Extinguishers – 2 Nos.
8 Electrical panel room with
fire siren
1
9 DG set (62.5 KVA to be
utilized in case of power
failure from GEB)
1
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Figure 2.10 Process flow diagram of production system
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Figure 2.11 Standard layout of proposed EPS
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2.6.3 Site Clearance
Agricultural land acquired on lease basis for development of EPS. After completing of HC
extraction land will be restored and returned back to land owners complying with standard
procedure.
Construction activity shall be carried out within well site premises. During the construction
phase, approximately 6-7 truck loads per day of material movement would take place. The
site construction would be done largely by employing local labour.
2.6.4 Access and Transport
The proposed project shall not require development of access roads since, sites are already
having approach roads (existing or were prepared at the time of drilling).
The transportation of the crude oil from the production site shall be using tankers / trailers
using the existing and proposed road system outlined above.
2.6.5 Production Site Facilities
The site perimeter will be appropriately fenced in the interests of security and public safety.
Site will require the following facilities:
Staff sheds with power generator
Material storage area
Bath Heater
Fire water pit
Waste Water pit
Crude oil storage area (tank farm)
Hazardous waste storage area
The detailed production site facilities were shown in the Standard layout of proposed EPS in
Figure 2.11
2.6.6 Raw Materials Required for Production activity
As such there shall be no raw materials required during production activity. However
chemicals like Demulsifier & Pour point depressants, are used to reduce the viscosity of
crude oil and will be stored in smaller quantities in the site. It shall be transported to site from
GPSC ware house.
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2.7 UTILITIES
2.7.1 Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation
Water will be sourced through bore well within the site premises and/or through tankers from
public sources in the vicinity in case of additional requirements. The total water consumption
at each installation is shown in Table 2.6
Table 2.6 Water Consumption
S.No. Description Water Requirement per
each installation (KLD)
1. Domestic 2.5
2. Industrial (for bath heater) 1.0
3. Fire water make up 2.5
Total 6.0
Wastewater Generation
Wastewater generation will be from domestic usage only. Apart from this, there will be
wastewater generation in the form of produced water during extraction of oil and gas in the
later stage. With aging of field, reservoir water starts moving into well bore and will be
produced along with crude oil. This is mainly due to increase of water saturation in
Hydrocarbon pore volume. The same shall be separated in the oil and gas separator and due
to density difference, it will be drained out. The same shall be collected in the drain pit and
disposed as per oil filed industry practices following the discharges standards of State PCB.
Domestic wastewater shall be sent to septic tank followed by soak pit.
Table 2.7 Wastewater Generation
S.No. Description Wastewater generated per
each installation (KLD)
1. Produced Water 10.0 KLD/well
2. Domestic 1.0 KLD/well
Total 11.0
2.7.2 Power Requirement
Source of Electricity for the proposed project site will be from Gujarat Electricity Board
(GEB). The power requirement (Motive: 100 HP & Light: 25 KVA) from GEB.
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Stand by DG set will be installed for emergency power supply.
DG set of capacity 62.5 KVA will be installed. In later stages of field, Artificial Lift may be
required at wells, then electricity at wells will be sourced through GEB.
Vent shall be provided in temporary storage tanks. Also stack will be provided to DG set and
oil and gas separators. The details of stack are given in Table 2.8
Table 2.8 Stack details
Details of stack
Stack attached to DG set Oil-gas separator
Stack height 5 m (as per CPCB guideline) 9 m
2.7.3 Solid Waste Generation
The solid waste generated from the proposed project will be only in form of domestic
municipal waste.
Domestic solid waste 1-2 kg/day generated at each site will be segregated at source (Organic
/ inorganic) & disposed accordingly.
2.7.4 Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste generated at each installation is given in Table 2.9
Table 2.9 Hazardous waste
S.No. Description Quantity
1. Waste/Used oil 10.0-15.0 litres/year
2. Oily Cotton waste 30 kg/month
3. Waste Sludge Oil 1 SCM/month
Waste/Used oil will be used mainly for internal purpose like lubrication of machinery
whereas oily cotton waste and used sludge oil will be handed to authorized disposal site.
2.8 PROJECT COST
Total cost of the project is Rs.3-4 Crores in the development of production facilities at each
site. Hence, the total project cost will be in the range of Rs. 25-30 Crores.
CHAPTER – III
ENVIRONMENTAL
BASELINE STUDY
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3.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the existing environmental and socio-economic baseline for the
proposed project and its surrounding area. Baseline data establishes the present status of the
environment identifies the sensitive receptors in the study area and provides the basis for
assessment of the impacts due to the project, and enabling the development of a robust and
comprehensive environmental management and monitoring plan.
The baseline quality of various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land,
biology, meteorological and socio-economic factors are assessed within the impact zone of
10 km radius around the proposed site. Secondary data has also been incorporated from
authentic sources viz. Govt./Non-Governmental Agencies, Universities, Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD), Ground Water Board etc. Various environmental
components were monitored and samples analysed.
The main purpose & objective of the study area is:
To delineate the prevailing environmental condition of project/study area as per
awarded TOR issued by MoEFCC for EIA study.
To understand the project need and environmental characteristics of the area.
To assess the existing environmental quality
To identify environmentally significant factors or sensitive geographical locations.
To generate &/or collect the information of physical-chemical properties of the
environment of the project area, which includes data indicating quality & prevailing
status of air, water resources, soil fertility, noise, flora & fauna, ecological habitats
etc.
To study & generate/prepare the Land Use/Land Cover map, Topographic map,
Cartographic Map of 10 km radial area from the site.
To generate &/or collect details regarding climatic condition of project area.
3.1 STUDY AREA
Study area covers 10 km radius from proposed project site located at Kheda and Anand
district of Gujarat State.
3.2 STUDY PERIOD
Primary baseline data was collected between 23rd March’ 2019 and 22nd June’ 2019, which
has been considered as the ‘study period’ for the baseline. Primary baseline data has been
supplemented with requisite secondary data wherever necessary. In line with the Terms of
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Reference (ToR) requirement prescribed by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), a zone
comprising a 10 km radius around the proposed project site is considered as the ‘study area’
for the EIA for land use aspects and ecology study.
3.3 METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY
Approach & Methodology of Baseline Study
The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey has been obtained from
the guidelines provided in the “EIA Guidance Manual for Oil and Gas Exploration” issued by
the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures
The study period and methodology for primary data collection is followed as per the CPCB
guidelines in line with TOR prescribed by MoEF&CC. Summary of monitoring plan with
sampling testing methodology followed is summarised in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Summary of Methodology for Baseline Data Collection
S. No.
Environmental Attributes
No. of Locations/ Area
Duration and frequency of sampling and other remarks
1. Meteorology Data At one station Meteorology data was collected on an hourly basis for 3 months.
2. Ambient Air Quality 8 Twice a week for 24 hours; for 3 months
3 Ambient Noise Levels 8 For 24 hours each in a month; for 1 season
4 Surface Water Quality 2 Once per a month
5 Groundwater Quality 8 Once per a month
6 Soil Quality 5 Once per a month
7 Ecology & Biodiversity Study area Once during the study period
8 Socio-economic Studies Study area Primary consultations were carried out in villages within 10 km radius during study period.
List of villages surveyed within 10 km radius is enclosed – Refer Social Baseline for details
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3.4 MICRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA
The study area falls under Humid Subtropical zone according to Koppen’s classification of
climate zones. Winter and early summer are long and dry; summer is exceedingly hot leading
to heat waves. The rainy season lasts from September to December.
Historical meteorological data were obtained from climatological tables pertaining to Meerut
(as the nearest representative IMD station) for the period 1960-1990 and is summarised in
table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Meteorological Data of (Period 1960-1990)
Month Temperature
(0C) daily
Relative
Humidity, %
Rainfall
in mm
Wind speed
Kmph
Pre-dominant
wind direction
From Max Min Max Min
January 30.3 12.7 66 32 0.9 4.2 NE
February 32.7 14.6 60 25 0.5 4.4 NE, NW
March 36.9 19.0 53 20 1.8 4.3 NW, SW
April 40.0 23.5 56 21 2.5 5.2 SW, NW
May 40.7 26.7 64 28 4.5 9.1 SW,W
June 37.4 27.3 75 49 125.5 11.1 SW,W
July 32.8 25.9 86 70 277.1 9.0 SW,W
August 31.6 25.1 89 73 264.4 7.6 SW,W
September 33.6 24.6 85 61 116.1 5.3 SW,W
October 36.4 21.9 71 40 17.1 3.2 NE,NW
November 24.1 17.5 64 38 26.7 3.1 NE,N
December 31.2 14.2 68 38 4.7 3.7 NE,N
(Source-IMD Baroda)
3.4.1 Wind Speed and Direction
Being a coastal area the wind speed is high and found mostly between 3.1 – 11.1 km/hour for
all the months. The wind speed during summer season was mostly between 4.3 –9.1 km/hr
while during rainy season, it was between 5.3-11.1 km/hr and in winter months wind speed
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ranges between 3.7-4.4 km/hr. The predominant wind direction is from southwest and west
direction. During winter season the wind blows from northwest and north direction.
3.4.2 Relative Humidity:
Most humid conditions are found in the monsoons, followed by summer, post-monsoons, and
winter in that order. Mornings are more humid than evenings; highest relative humidity is
recorded as 89% in August mornings followed by 86% in July and August month. During
summer season, relative humidity remains between 19 – 64 %.
3.4.3 Temperature:
December and January constitutes winter months with daily mean minimum temperature
around 12.7oCand daily mean maximum temperature around 32.7oC. May is the hottest
month with daily mean maximum temperature around 40.7oC and daily mean minimum
temperature around 19.8oC in March of summer.
3.4.4 Rainfall
The distribution of rainfall in the region, which includes the study area, is regular. Annual
total rainfall in the region is 841.8mm. Over 80% of the total annual rainfall is received
during the monsoon period between June and September.
3.4.5 Calm Period
The calm period constitutes an important factor in the dispersion of air pollution. The calm
period is more during night-time compared to daytime. The maximum calm period occurs
during September to February.
3.4.6 Site specific Met Data
An automatic met station was established at site to collect the site-specific data. The
predominant wind direction was from northwest and north direction. Clam conditions remain
11.44% of the time (Table 3.3).
Table 3.3 Site specific meteorological data
Sl. No.
Parameters March 23rd-31st
Apr-19 May-
19
June 1st to -
22nd June
1 Temperature (0C) Maximum 45.90 46.50 44.60 45.70 Minimum 24.90 25.80 28.40 25.30 Average 35.35 36.39 36.66 34.45
2 Relative Humidity (%) Maximum 35.20 56.70 62.20 84.40 Minimum 8.10 9.60 13.10 15.40 Average 19.05 25.96 35.02 51.22
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-5
3 Wind Speed (m/s) Maximum 3.58 4.97 6.61 6.64 Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average 1.43 1.32 1.96 1.95
4 Wind Direction (%) E 0.93 0.00 3.76 2.84 ENE 3.24 0.14 0.27 0.76 ESE 3.70 0.28 1.75 1.52 N 9.72 4.03 0.27 3.22 NE 6.48 0.83 0.40 2.65 NNE 4.63 0.56 0.40 1.52 NNW 5.09 7.50 0.54 4.17 NW 19.44 18.47 7.66 3.03 S 0.00 0.83 4.84 10.80 SE 0.93 0.56 3.36 2.84 SSE 0.46 0.00 1.88 2.08 SSW 0.00 1.25 3.76 14.77 SW 6.48 10.42 19.09 18.18 W 7.87 21.25 21.91 12.50 WNW 4.63 10.14 8.87 1.89 WSW 2.78 7.92 13.44 10.42 CALM 23.61 15.83 7.80 6.82
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-6
Fig 3.1 Wind rose for the period of 23rd March’ 19 to 22nd June ‘19
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-7
3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT
3.5.1 Selection of Sampling Locations: To assess the baseline ambient air quality a
scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network was established. Air quality
monitoring study was carried out during pre-monsoon season (i.e. 23rd March’19 to 22nd
June’19) within 10 km radius of the project site. The ambient air quality monitoring stations
were selected after a brief study based on the following considerations
Meteorological conditions
Topography of the study area
Predominant wind direction
Emission sources
Receptors sensitivity
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations were set up at Eight locations with due
consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the sampling stations are given
in the Table 3.5 and the same are also show in the Fig 3.2.
3.5.2 Methodology of Sampling and Analysis
Air samples collected were tested for the following parameters
PM10
PM2.5
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ozone (O3)
Lead (Pb)
Ammonia (NH3)
Benzene (C6H6)
Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP)
Arsenic (As)
Nickel (Ni),
Hydro Carbon HC (Methane and Non Methane)
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the
procedures detailed in relevant parts of IS: 5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-8
Test Methods). The methods used for determining the above mentioned parameters and
furnished hereunder in the table 3.4.
Frequency of Sampling: 24 hourly samples for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx, CO, O3, Pb, NH3,
C6H6, BaP, As, Ni, HC and VOC were collected from each station, at a frequency of twice a
week for the pre-monsoon season
Table 3.4 Techniques and Detectable limits for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
S. No. Parameter Technique Technical Protocol Minimum Detectable
Limit
1 PM10 (µg/m3) Respirable Dust
Sampler (Gravimetric
method)
IS-5182
(Part-IV) 5.0 g/m3
2 PM2.5 (µg/m3) Fine Particulate
Sampler (Gravimetric
method)
40 CFR USEPA
Gravimetric 2.0 g/m3
3 Sulphur dioxide SO2
(µg/m3)
Modified West and
Gaeke
IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0 g/m3
4 Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx (µg/m3)
Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 4.0 g/m3
5 Carbon Monoxide
(CO) mg/m3
Non Dispersible Infra-
red Spectroscopy
(NDIR)
IS:5182 (Part-X) 0.10 mg/m3
6 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 Chemical Method IS:5182 (Part-IX) 10 µg/m3
7 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 ICP after sampling on
EPM 2000 or
equivalent filter paper
IS:5182 (Part-22) 0.06 µg/m3
8 Ammonia (NH3)
µg/m3
Indophenol blue
method
IS:5182
(Indophenol
Method)
20 µg/m3
9 Benzene (C6H6)
µg/m3
Gas Chromatography IS:5182 (Part-XI) 2.0 µg/m3
10 Benzo(a)Pyrene
(BaP) ng/m3
Solvent extraction
followed by GC
IS:5182 (Part-XII) 0.5 ng/m3
11 Arsenic (As) ng/m3 ICP after sampling on
EPM 2000 or
equivalent filter paper
CPCB guidelines 0.44 ng/m3
12 Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 ICP after sampling on
EPM 2000 or
equivalent filter paper
CPCB guidelines 0.6 ng/m3
13 Hydro Carbon
(Methane and Non
Methane)
Gas Chromatography IS-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.5 ppm
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-9
14 Volatile Organic
Compound GC Method EPA 21 PID 0.5 ppm
Table 3.5 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
S. No Location Station
Code
Direction
from
Project Site
Latitude and
Longitude
Distance w.r.t
Project Site
km
Environmental
Setting
1 Khumarvad A1 ENE from
Kheda1 Well
22°45'5.54"N
72°43'29.83"E 0.9
Residential Area
2 Kheda Town A2 WNW from
PNE1 well
22°44'29.53"N
72°41'12.44"E 2.2
Residential Area
3 Vansar A3 SSE from
PNE2
22°43'26.90"N
72°42'49.06"E 0.4
Residential Area
4 Vaso A4 East from
VASO2 Well
22°40'6.77"N
72°45'15.54"E 3.9
Residential Area
5
Nandoli
A5 ESE from
PNE1 East
well
22°37'5.88"N
72°40'52.15"E 3.2
Residential Area
6
Daloli
A6 East from
Changara
Well
22°31'53.45"N
72°35'4.68"E 3.4
Residential Area
7 Indernaj A7 East from
Indernaj well
22°29'53.46"N
72°33'22.38"E 3.9
Residential Area
8 Kanbha A8 SE from
TS10 well
22°18'52.17"N
72°47'21.52"E 3.3
Residential Area
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-10
Fig 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Map
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-11
Table 3.6 Summary of Analysis of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area
Parameter PM10(µg/m3) PM2.5(µg/m3) SO2(µg/m3) NOx(µg/m3)
Monitoring
Station
No.
of
sam
ple
s
Max
imu
m
Min
imu
m
Mea
n
98th
per
cen
tile
No.
of
sam
ple
s
Max
imu
m
Min
imu
m
Mea
n
98th
per
cen
tile
No.
of
sam
ple
s
Max
imu
m
Min
imu
m
Mea
n
98th
per
cen
tile
No.
of
sam
ple
s
Max
imu
m
Min
imu
m
Mea
n
98th
per
cen
tile
A1 26 68.2 44.8 53.5 65.1 26 37.1 20.1 26.2 36.0 26 11.0 8.3 9.9 10.9 26 12.6 10.2 11.5 12.5
A2 26 79.2 52.8 63.2 75.9 26 42.7 26.1 32.7 40.0 26 13.2 10.4 12.0 13.1 26 15.5 12.2 14.1 15.2
A3 26 61.5 38.2 48.0 57.9 26 28.1 16.5 21.9 26.8 26 9.6 7.1 8.5 9.5 26 11.1 7.7 9.9 11.0
A4 26 65.7 42.8 51.8 62.7 26 35.6 19.7 25.0 33.8 26 10.4 7.2 9.3 10.3 26 12.3 8.7 10.9 12.1
A5 26 73.8 48.2 57.8 70.7 26 38.5 23.1 29.3 36.1 26 12.0 9.3 10.9 11.9 26 13.9 11.1 12.7 13.8
A6 26 63.9 40.5 50.3 60.2 26 33.8 18.2 23.8 32.1 26 10.1 7.4 9.0 10.0 26 11.6 8.2 10.4 11.5
A7 26 70.9 46.4 55.7 68.2 26 36.4 22.2 27.4 33.8 26 11.4 8.7 10.4 11.4 26 13.1 10.6 12.1 13.0
A8 26 76.2 49.2 60.0 72.9 26 40.6 24.2 30.6 37.9 26 12.5 9.9 11.5 12.4 26 14.8 11.8 13.4 14.6
NAAQS 100(µg/m3) 60(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3)
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-12
M
onit
orin
g L
ocat
ion
s
No
of
Sam
ple
s CO(mg/m3) O3(µg/m3) NH3(µg/m3)
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
p
erce
ntil
e
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
p
erce
ntil
e
Max
Min
Mea
n
98
p
erce
ntil
e
A1 26 0.24 0.11 0.14 0.22 42.0 17.0 30.5 41.5 26.0 20.0 20.9 24.5
A2 26 0.35 0.16 0.23 0.34 52.0 29.0 40.2 50.5 34.0 19.0 26.7 32.5
A3 26 0.16
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-13
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA
65.1
75.9
57.962.7
70.760.2
68.272.9
100
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
98 Percentile of PM10 (µg/m3)
36.040.0
26.8
33.836.1
32.1 33.837.9
60
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
98 Percentile of PM2.5 (µg/m3)
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-14
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA
11.0 13.1 9.5 10.311.9 10.0 11.4 12.4
80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
98 Percentile of SO2 (µg/m3)
12.515.2
11.0 12.113.8 11.5 13.0
14.6
80
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
98 Percentile of NOx (µg/m3)
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-15
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA
0.220.34
0.15 0.190.27 0.17 0.24
0.30
4
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
98 Percentile CO (mg/m3)
41.550.5
33.5 38.548.5
36.543.5 47.5
180
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
O3 (µg/m3)
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-16
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA
3.5.3 Existing Ambient Air Quality
On the perusal of above summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study are it is
evident that all monitored values in various locations are well within the specified limits of
CPCB. The results are summarized below:
PM10: The highest PM10 concentration 79.2µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was
recorded at station A2 while the lowest PM10 concentration was found to be 38.2µg/m3 at A3.
All the monitored values of PM10 are well below the specified limit of 100 µg/m3.
PM2.5: The highest PM2.5 concentration 42.7µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was
recorded at station A3 while the lowest PM2.5 concentration was found to be 16.5µg/m3
at A3. All the monitored values of PM2.5 are well below the specified limit of 60 µg/m3.
SO2: The highest SO2 concentration 13.2µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was recorded
at station A2 while the lowest SO2 concentration was found to be 7.1µg/m3 at A3. All the
monitored values of SO2 are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m3.
24.5 32.5 20.0 23.0 28.5 21.5 26.5 31.0
400.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard
Ammonia NH3 (µg/m3)
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-17
NOx: The highest NOx concentration 15.5µg/m3was observed in the ambient air was
recorded at station A2 while the lowest NOx concentration was found to be 7.7µg/m3 at A3.
All the monitored values of NOx are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m3.
CO: The highest CO concentration 0.34mg/m3was observed in the ambient air was recorded
at station A2 while the lowest CO concentration was found to be
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-18
1. Ground water quality --- IS 10500-2012
2. Surface/canal/sea water quality --- IS 2296
3.6.2 Selection of Sampling Locations
Sampling locations were selected on basis of:
a) Drainage pattern
b) Location of residential areas respecting different activities
c) Likely areas those can represent baseline conditions
Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected
physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the
existing water quality status in the study area.
The samples were analyzed in accordance with “Standard Methods for Examination of Water
and Wastewater Analysis” published by APHA.
3.6.3 Sampling Techniques
Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for
metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were
collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters
have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area.
Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of
sample collection.
The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as per the
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in table 3.7.
Table 3.7 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for water sampling
Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation
pH Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
50 ml On site analysis
Electrical
Conductivity
Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
50 ml On site parameter
Total suspended solids Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Refrigeration,
can be stored for 7 days
Total Dissolved
Solids
Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Refrigeration,
can be stored for 7 days
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-19
Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation
BOD Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs
Hardness Grab sampling
Plastic /glass container
100 ml Add HNO3 to pH2,
refrigeration, 28 days
Heavy Metals (As,
Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn,
Pb etc.)
Plastic/ Glass rinse with
1+1 HNO3
500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to pH>2;
Grab sample; 6 months
Analytical Techniques
The analytical techniques used for water analysis is given in the Table 3.8.
Table 3.8 Analytical techniques for water analysis
Parameter Method
pH APHA-4500-H+
Colour APHA-2120 C
Odour IS: 3025, Part-4
Temperature APHA-2550 B
Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O
BOD APHA-5210 B
Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B
Turbidity APHA-2130 B
Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-
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CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-20
Parameter Method
Fluorides APHA-4500 F-
Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C
Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D
Total hardness APHA-2340 C
Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2
Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As
Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca
Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg
Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na
Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K
Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn
Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg
Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb
Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu
Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd
Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe
Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn
Boron APHA-4500 B
Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D
Alkalinity APHA-2320 B
COD APHA-5220 D
Phenolic Compounds APHA-510 C
Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA,
AWWA, WEF 23rd Edition, 2017
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CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-21
3.6.4 Water Sampling Stations
Table 3.9 Water sampling locations
Code Station
Direction bearing
w.r.t Project Site
Latitude & Longitude
Distance from
Project Site (km)
Source of collection
GW1 Kheda Camp NW from
Kheda1 Well
22°45'21.79"N
72°42'19.80"E
1.5 Supply water
GW2 Undhela S from PNE2
22°41'49.25"N
72°42'49.67"E
3.5 Supply Water
GW3 VASO ESE from
VASO2
22°39'39.56"N
72°45'22.76"E
4.1 Supply Water
GW4 Punaj NW from
PNE1 East
22°38'51.63"N
72°36'43.70"E
5.1 Supply Water
GW5 Daloli ESE of
Changara
well
22°31'51.13"N
72°35'3.54"E
3.3 Supply Water
GW6 Varsada NW from
Indernaj well
22°31'0.32"N
72°30'46.41"E
1.9 Ground water
GW7 Vatadara NNW of
TS10 well
22°20'28.80"N
72°45'9.02"E
2.2 Ground water
GW8 Kalamsar SSW of
TS10 well
22°18'9.71"N
72°44'32.35"E
2.9 Ground water
SW1 Vatrak River Near
Kheda West of
Kheda1 well
22°45'19.56"N
72°40'53.69"E
3.6 Surface water
SW2 Vally Lake South of
Indernaj
Well
22°28'10.07"N
72°30'55.65"E
3.2 Surface water
SW3 Nagrama Pond SW of
PNE1East
22°37'8.58"N
72°38'42.87"E
0.8 Surface water
SW4 Kanbha Pond SE from
TS10 well
22°18'44.70"N
72°47'22.04"E
3.4 Surface water
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-22
Fig 3.3 Ground Water and Surface Water Sampling Location Map
Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3-23
Table 3.10 Ground water quality of the study area
S.No. PARAMETER UNIT GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS:10500-Standards
Acceptable Permissible
1. Color Hazen
Development