GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM CORPORATION (GSPC) · 2020. 12. 15. · GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM CORPORATION (GSPC) October 2020 Prepared by M/s SV Enviro Labs & Consultants Recognized by

GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM

CORPORATION (GSPC)

October 2020

Prepared by

M/s SV Enviro Labs & Consultants

Recognized by GOI, MoEF&CC, QCI Accredited

Enviro House, B-1, Block-B, IDA, Autonagar,

Visakhapatnam – 530012

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda

UNDERTAKING

This is to certify that M/s. SV Enviro Labs & Consultants is a NABL Accredited, ISO

9001:2008 certified company and is recognised by Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate Change under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Further, this Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the proposed Development

of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed facilities at Kheda been carried out by M/s. SV Enviro

Labs & Consultants and the prescribed ToR’s have been complied with and the data

submitted in the Draft EIA report is factually correct.

Thanks and Regards,

M. Murali Krishna

Managing Partner

October, 2020

DECLARATION BY EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EIA

“Draft Environmental Impact Assessment” for the proposed Development of 8 wells by

setting up of 7 proposed facilities at Kheda by Gujarat Petroleum Corporation Limited

(GSPC).

I hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the

above EIA/EMP.

EIA Co-ordinator :

Name : M. Murali Krishna

Signature :

Period of Involvement : 23rd March’ 2019 to 22nd June’ 2019

Functional Area Experts:

S.No Functional

Areas

Name of the Expert Category as per NABET

Involvement (Period and task**)

Signature and Date

1 AP * M. Murali Krishna

V. Hema Latha

(TM)

K. Anitha (TM)

A Air Pollution

monitoring,

prevention &

control

2 WP * V. Hema Latha

A Water Pollution

monitoring,

prevention &

control

3 SHW * K. Anitha

A Solid waste

management

4 SE * Dr. B. Vijay

Bhaskara Rao

A Socioeconomic

studies

5 EB * Dr. M. Tarakeswara

Naidu

A Ecology and Bio-

diversity

6 HG * Dr. G.V.A

Ramakrishna

A Hydrology

7 GEO * Dr. G.V.A

Ramakrishna

A Geology

8 SC * D. Sunder Rao M.

M. Tarakeswara

Naidu (TM)

A Soil conservation

9 AQ * M. Murali Krishna A Air quality

modelling

10 NV * M. Murali Krishna A Noise and vibration

11 LU * Jada Srinivasa Rao A Land use studies

12 RH * Shaik Kasim

V. Hema Latha

(TM)

A Risk and hazard

study

*One TM against each FAE may be shown

** Please attach additional sheet if required

Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person

I, M. Murali Krishna, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the Draft

EIA for proposed Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed facilities at Kheda.

Signature:

Name: M. Murali Krishna

Designation: Managing Partner

Name of the EIA consultant organization: SV Enviro Labs & Consultants

NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/1821/SA0118 Dt: 28.09.2020

CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

Development of 8 wells by setting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.

CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited has been established in year 1979 as a

Government of Gujarat undertaking and is involved in Exploration and Production of Oil and

Gas. GSPC has grown from being an operator of small fields in Gujarat into an expansive oil

and gas exploration and production company across India. Its rise in the hydrocarbon sector

was helped by the Central Government’s opening of the sector to private participation in the

early 1990s, GSPC constructed India’s first and only Land Based Drilling Platform in the

Hazira gas field in 1998, through which gas is being supplied to various industries across

Gujarat.

Block CB-ON/2

The block, CB-ON/2 was awarded to the consortium of GSPC, ONGC & GEO GLOBAL

BARBADOS INC, during PRE NELP round bidding by Govt. Of India wherein GSPC is

operator for the block. With the subsequent discovery of oil in these wells, surface facilities

are required to be developed to commence the commercial production from 8 wells

(development nature). All these wells were drilled after obtaining EC from MoEFCC for

drilling and some of them were quite old and drilled prior to the issue of EIA Notification

2006.

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the Environmental,

social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making

tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects.

EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed

project and ensure that these impacts are taken into account during the project designing.

The Environmental Impact Assessment has been prepared in terms of EIA notification of the

MoEF dated 14-9-2006, as amended on 1st Dec 2009, 4th April 2011 and approved ToR.

Environmental Clearance for onshore exploration, development and production of oil & gas

project falls under category “A”.

The application for prior Environmental Clearance (Form-1 and Pre-feasibility report) for

establishing development facilities for oil and gas at 8 wells locations (onshore) with seven

Early Production systems (EPS) facilities in Block CB-ON/02 (Tarapur Block) has been

submitted to MoEF&CC on 11th January 2017. Terms of Reference (ToR) has been issued by



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MoEF&CC vide letter reference F. No.J-11011/17/2017-IA.II (I) on 26.05.2017 and

approved ToR copy enclosed as Annexure-I.

The EIA report is prepared in line with the ToR issued by MoEFCC to address the anticipated

environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposing the mitigation measures for the

same for obtaining Environmental Clearances (EC) from MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The report

covers the primary data of baseline collected during 23rd March’2019 to 22nd June’2019 of

pre-monsoon season. Secondary Baseline survey of existing Environmental attributes are also

taken which helped in evaluating Environmental impacts due to the proposed activities and in

formulating a scientific Environmental Management Plan.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1.2.1 Identification of Project

Development of Eight (8 nos) exploratory well locations by setting up of seven (7 nos) Early

Production Systems (EPS) facilities in the Block CB-ON/02 are proposed to evaluate the

hydrocarbon potential and production of hydrocarbons. The block lies in the Kheda and

Anand districts of Gujarat State.

1.2.2 Project Proponent

Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited, Gandhinagar (Undertaking Government of

Gujarat) is involved in Exploration and Production of hydrocarbon across a number of oil and

gas blocks in India and abroad. GSPC awarded CB-ON/02 Block to the consortium of GSPC,

ONGC & GEO GLOBAL BARBADOS INC, during PRE NELP round of bidding by Govt.

of India wherein GSPC is operator for the Block.

Address of Industry M/s. GUJARAT STATE PETROLEUM CORPORATION

LIMITED

Site Address: Tarapur Block, CB-ON/02,

Taluka: Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda, Tarapur

District: Kheda & Anand

State: Gujarat

Communication Address:

The Chief Operating Officer

M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited

GSPC Bhavan, Behind Udyog Bhavan,



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Gandhinagar – 382 010, Gujarat

1.3 NATURE OF PROJECT

In order to increase the commercial production of the block, GSPC is planning to carry out

below activities in the Tarapur Block of CB-ON/02.

Setting up EPS at well site: Construction and Commissioning of early production

facilities at each well or combined well sites depending upon oil and gas potential

of the wells to optimize number of locations.

Connecting wells to EPS through Laying 4"/6" underground pipeline from PNE#1/

PNE#2 to PNE#2/ PNE#1

1.4 PROJECT SIZE AND LOCATION

1.4.1 Size of the project

GSPC has identified onshore eight exploratory wells of oil & gas in the non-forest area of

Tarapur Block CB-ON/02 in Kheda and Anand districts of Gujarat State. The proposed

project is for development operations in the field by setting up of EPS facilities. There shall

be production of oil & gas using surface production facilities as per standard oil industry

operating norms and regulations.

1.4.1 Location of the project

Taluka: Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda & Tarapur

District: Kheda and Anand

State: Gujarat

1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT TO COUNTRY AND REGION

The demand for petroleum has recorded a considerable increase over the last few years.

There is a considerable increase in consumption of petroleum products due to the

development activities in the country in the last few years. During the year 2016-17, the

consumption of petroleum products in India was 194.60 MMT with a growth of 5.37% as

compared to consumption of 184.67 MMT during 2015-16. The consumption of petroleum

products during April-November, 2017 was at 134.60 MMT i.e. an increase of 3.40% over

130.17 MMT in April-November, 2016. The crude oil production for the year 2016-17 is at

36.01 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) as against production of 36.94 MMT in 2015-16,

showing a decrease of about 2.53%. Whereas Natural Gas production during the year 2016-

17 is at 31.90 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) which is 1.09% lower than production of 32.25



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BCM in 2015-16. Import of crude oil during 2016-17 was 213.93 MMT valued at 470159

crore as against import of 202.85 MMT valued at 416579 crore in 2015-16 which marked an

increase of 5.46% in quantity terms and 12.86% in value terms as compared to the import of

crude oil during 2015-16.

India is largely dependent on import of petroleum goods to meet its requirements. Facing an

environment of increasing consumption, static reserves, increasing imports and increasing

costs of crude as well as decreasing value of the Indian Rupee vis-à-vis the US Dollar, it

follows that any accretion of hydrocarbon reserves in the country, is welcome.

Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation (GSPC) is planning to carry out construction of early

production facilities at eight well sites and connecting wells to seven EPS through laying of

underground pipelines. The project would help in enhancing hydrocarbon production and

reducing India’s dependence on imports. The proposed project would also contribute to the

state Government of Gujarat in terms of royalty through the mining lease. Additionally the

proposed project would generate direct and indirect employment in the region.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed development

operations in the block, GSPC has to prepare EIA Report for various environmental

components including air, noise, water, land and biological components along with

parameters of human interest which may be affected and to prepare an Environmental

Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts.

The basic scope for this study involves conducting an EIA study for one season (about three

months duration) to understand the environmental and social impacts of the project and

recommend suitable preventive / mitigative actions through the Environment Management

Plan (EMP). Scope of the study includes:

Conducting reconnaissance visit to assess the environmental and socio economic

setting of the block

Undertaking site visits for collection of primary and secondary data on environmental

and social setting in the CB-ON/02 block

Conducting public consultation

Assessing environmental and social impacts

Formulating Environmental Management Plan (EMP)



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Identifying the risks associated with the project and delineating a disaster management

plan

1.7 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES & APPLICABLE LAWS/REGULATIONS

There is no legal case against the project in the proposed project as stated by the project

proponent.

The relevant NOC’s and licenses will be obtained from the statutory agencies under the

following Acts, Rules and amendments and OEPL will adhere to the guidelines specified in:

The Explosive Act, 1884 and the Explosive Rules 1983

Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules, 1959 under Oilfields (Regulation and

Development) Act, 1948

Oil Mines Regulations 1984 (OMR) under the Mines Act, 1952

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules 1989 amended in

2010.

The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 under the

Environment (Protection) Act – 1986 and its amendments to date

Petroleum Act, 2000 with Rules

Explosives Act, 1884 with rules

Electrical Installation Under Electricity Rules, 1956

Central Electricity Authority Regulation, 2010

Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

The proposed project will abide and function under the purview of the following Rules, Acts

& Regulations which are formulated by the Government of India to protect the environment

and development in a sustainable way.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986

Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006 and

subsequent amendments.

The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2008 and its amendment in 2016.



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The MSIHC (Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals) rules

1989 and amendment in 2000.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its amendments

Accordingly, the project has to comply with the following mandatory clearances for

establishing the proposed project.

Comply with CPCB guidelines for establishing and operating the project.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS IN THE STUDY AREA

Collection of base line data is an integral aspect of the preparation of Environmental Impact

Assessment report. Base line data reflects the present status of Environment before the

initiation of any activity of the proposed project. The possible effects due to the proposed

project are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline data subsequently to asses

Environmental impacts.

Pre project environment assessment was conducted in the study area during 23rd March’ 2019

to 22nd June’ 2019. Studies were under taken to generate base line data of the following:-

1. GEOLOGY

2. HYDROGEOLOGY

3. METEOROLOGY

4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

5. WATER ANALYSIS - GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER

6. NOISE LEVELS

7. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

8. ECOLOGY

9. LAND USE / LAND COVER

10. SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUS SURROUNDING THE PROJECT SITE.

1.9 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF EIA DOCUMENT

In terms of the EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent

amendments, the generic structure of the EIA document should be as under:

Chapter – I: Introduction

Chapter – II: Project Description

Chapter – III: Description of the Environment

Chapter – IV: Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures



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Chapter – V: Analysis of alternatives (Technology and site)

Chapter – VI: Environmental Monitoring Programme

Chapter – VII: Additional Studies

Chapter – VIII: Project Benefits

Chapter – IX: Environmental Management Plan

Chapter – X: Summary & Conclusion

Chapter – XI: Disclosure of Consultants engaged

1.10 COMPLIANCE TO TOR

ToR F.No.IA-J-11011/17/2017-IA.II(I) dated 26.05.2017

Sl. No. TOR Points TOR Compliance/Section No.

Additional ToR

1 Environmental Sensitivity within 1

km of each drilling location will be

submitted in the EIA/EMP report

Environmental Sensitivity provided in Table

2.4 of Chapter 2 of page no 2-4.

2 Public Hearing to be conducted as

per the provisions of the EIA

Notification, 2006

Noted

Standard Terms of Reference

1 Executive Summary of the Project The same is attached along with EIA report.

2 Project Description, project

objectives and Project Benefits

Project Description in section 2.6 of Chapter 2

of page no 2-14, Project Objectives in section

2.2 and Project Benefits provided in Chapter 8

of page no 8-1 of EIA report.

3 Cost of Project and period of

completion

Cost of Project provided in section 2.8 of

Chapter 2 of page no 2-21.

4 Site details within 1km of the each

proposed well, any habitation, any

other installation/activity, flora and

fauna approachability to Site, other

activities including agricultural/ land,

satellite imagery for 10 km area. All

Land use map showing habitation etc. is

prepared and provided in Fig 3.13 of page no

3-71, Flora and Fauna are given in section

3.11 of page no 3-41. Satellite image shown in

Fig 2.2 of page no 2-7 and Toposheet given in

Fig 2.3 of page no 2-8 of Chapter 2.



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the geological details shall be

mentioned in the Topo sheet of

1:40000 scale, superimposing the

well locations and other structures of

the projects. Topography of the

project site.

5 Details of sensitive areas such as

National Park, Wildlife sanctuary and

any other eco-sensitive area

along with map indicating distance.

There are No National park/Wildlife

Sanctuaries/ReserveForests/ Eco sensitive

areas within 10 km distance from the project

site

6 Approval for the forest land from the

State/Central Govt. under Forest

(Conservation) Act, 1980, if

applicable.

There is no forest land involved in the

proposed project so forest clearance is not

required.

7 Recommendation of SCZMA/CRZ

clearance as per CRZ Notification

dated 6th January, 2011 (if

applicable).

Not Applicable as the project is away from

marine and coastal water bodies.

8 Distance from nearby

critically/severely polluted area as

per Notification, if applicable. Status

of moratorium imposed on the area.

No critically/severely polluted area

is present within 10km radius of the

Tarapur block.

9 Does proposal involve rehabilitation

and resettlement? If yes, details

thereof.

The proposed project will not require

rehabilitation and resettlement.

10 Environmental considerations in the

selection of the drilling locations for

which environmental clearance

is being sought. Present any analysis

suggested for minimizing the foot

print giving details of drilling

and development options considered.

Drilling locations were finalized based on

seismic exploratory surveys. Safe distances

will be kept from nearest receptor.



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11 Baseline data collection for air, water

and soil for one season leaving the

monsoon season in an area

of 10 km radius with centre of Oil

Field as its centre covering the area

of all proposed drilling wells.

The baseline studies were carried out from

23rdMarch 2019 to 22ndJune 2019 during Pre

monsoon season. Details provided in Chapter

3 of page no 3-1 of EIA report.

12 Climatology and Meteorology

including wind speed, wind direction,

temperature rainfall relative humidity

etc.

Climatological and Meteorological study

including wind speed, wind direction,

temperature, relative humidity, rainfall

was conducted and the results are provided

in Section 3.4 of page no 3-3 of Chapter 3.

13 Details of Ambient Air Quality

monitoring at 8 locations for PM2.5,

PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, VOCs,

Methane and non-methane HC.

Locations of Ambient Air Quality monitoring

are given in section 3.5 of page no 3-9 and

results Ambient Air Quality monitoring is

given in page no 3-11 of Chapter 3.

14 Soil sample analysis (physical and

chemical properties) at the areas

located at 5 locations.

Details of Soil Sampling analysis are given in

Table 3.14, section 3.7 of page no 3.30 of

Chapter 3.

15 Ground and surface water quality in

the vicinity of the proposed wells

site.

Surface water and ground water quality have

been monitored and results are given in

section 3.6 of page no 3-25 and 3-24

respectively of Chapter 3.

16 Measurement of Noise levels within

1 km radius of the proposed wells

Noise level survey results are given in Table

3.17 of section 3.8 of page no 3-34.

17 Vegetation and land use; flora/fauna

in the block area with details of

endangered species, if any

Details of flora and fauna are given in section

of 3.11 of page no 3-41 of Chapter 3.

18 Incremental GLC as a result of DG

set operation, flaring etc.

Incremental GLC concentration results are

mentioned in section 4.7.1 of page no 4-6 of



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Chapter 4.

19 Potential environmental impact

envisaged during various stages of

project activities such as site

activation, development, operation/

maintenance and decommissioning.

Potential Environmental Impacts envisaged

during various stages of Project activities is

given in Chapter 4.

20 Actual source of water and

'Permission' for the drawl of water

from the Competent Authority.

Detailed water balance, wastewater

generation and discharge.

The water requirement for the project

activities will be sourced through bore well

within the premises and/or through tanker in

case of additional requirement from public

sources.Water requirement and wastewater

generation details and mode of treatment given

in section 2.7.1 of page no 2-20 of Chapter 2.

21 Noise abatement measures and

measures to minimize disturbance

due to light and visual intrusions.

Noise control measures are given in section

4.8 of page no 4-10 of Chapter 4.

22 Details on wastewater generation,

treatment and utilization /discharge

for produced water/ formation

water, cooling waters, other

wastewaters, etc. during all project

phases.

Wastewater generation details and mode of

treatment are given in section 2.7.1 of page no

2-20 of Chapter 2 and section 4.9.2 of page no

4-12 of Chapter 4.

23 Details on solid waste management

for drill cuttings, drilling mud and oil

sludge, produced sand, radioactive

materials, other hazardous materials,

etc. including its disposal options

during all project phases.

Details on solid waste management given in

section 9.4.10 of page no 9-13 of Chapter 9.

24 Disposal of spent oil and lube. Management of used oil details are given in

Table 2.9, section 2.7.4 of page no 2-21 of

Chapter 2.

25 Storage of chemicals and diesel at Chemicals will be transported to site from



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site. Hazardous material usage,

storage and accounting.

GSPC warehouse. Diesel will be stored in a

tank at the sites. Details provided in section

2.7.4 of page no 2-21 of Chapter 2.

26 Commitment for the use of water

based mud (WBM) only

GSPC is committed to use Water based

drilling muds WBM only

27 Oil spill emergency plans for

recovery/ reclamation.

Oil Spill Management Plan given in section

9.4.9 of page no 9-12 of Chapter 9.

28 H2S emissions control. Sources of H2S emission are not envisaged in

the project, however GSPC H2S contingency

plan shall be in place for any exigencies.

29 Produced oil/gas handling,

processing and storage/

transportation.

Produced crude will be transported to Delivery

Point through road tankers and after

processing sent to IOC refinery through

underground trunk pipeline.

Produced gas used internally in Bath

heater/Heater Treater to heat/treat the oil for

maintaining the mobility of crude oil for

transportation. If feasible, excess gas may be

sold to local buyers.

30 Details of control of air, water and

noise pollution during production

phase.

Details of control of air, water and noise

pollution during production phase provided in

section 9.4.3, 9.4.4and 9.4.5 of page no from

9-6 to 9-10 of Chapter 9.

31 Measures to protect ground water and

shallow aquifers from contamination.

GSPC has its own cementing and Casing

Policy, which has been implemented to protect

Groundwater and shallow aquifer from

contamination.

32 Whether any burn pits being utilised

for well test operations.

Burn pits will not be utilized for well test

operations.

33 Risk assessment and disaster

management plan for independent

reviews of well designed

Risk assessment and disaster management

plan details are given in Additional studies

Chapter 7 of page no 7-2 of Chapter 7.



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construction etc. for prevention of

blow out. Blowout preventer

installation.

34 Environmental management plan. EMP provided in Chapter 9 of page no 9-1 of

EIA report.

35 Total capital and recurring cost for

environmental control measures.

Total capital and recurring cost for

environmental control measures given in

section 9.6 of page no 9-22 of Chapter 9.

36 Emergency preparedness plan Emergency preparedness plan provided in

Additional studies in page nos from 7-20 to 7-

38 of Chapter 7 of EIA report.

37 Decommissioning and restoration

plans.

Not Applicable

38 Documentary proof of membership

of common disposal facilities, if any.

If required, shall be taken at the time of SPCB

clearances

39 Details of environmental and safety

related documentation within the

company including documentation

and proposed occupational health and

safety Surveillance Safety

Programme for all personnel at

site. This shall also include

monitoring programme for the

environmental.

GSPC shall maintain the required documents

including documentation and proposed

occupational health and safety Surveillance

Safety Programme for all personnel at site

within the company

40 A copy of Corporate Environment

Policy of the company as per the

Ministry's O.M. No. J-11013/

41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 26th April,

2011 available on the Ministry's

website.

HSE Policyof GSPC provided as Annexure-II

41 Any litigation pending against the

project and or any direction/order

Not Applicable



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passed by any court of law

against the project. If so details

thereof.

CHAPTER – II

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Development of 8 wells bysetting up of 7 proposed surface facilities at Kheda & Anand, Gujarat by M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd.

CHAPTER - II PROJECT

DESCRIPTION

2 - 1

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited, Gandhinagar (Undertaking Government of

Gujarat) is involved in Exploration and Production of hydrocarbons across a number of oil and

gas blocks in India. Bock CB-ON/2 was awarded to the consortium of GSPC, ONGC & GEO

GLOBAL BARBADOS INC during PRE NELP round of bidding by Govt. of India wherein

GSPC is operator for the block. GSPC drilled several exploratory wells in the block the past few

decades.

With the discovery of hydrocarbons in some of these wells, Surface production facilities are

required to be installed to commence the commercial production from 8 wells (exploratory,

appraisal & development nature).

Accordingly, GSPC is planning to carry out construction of Production Facilities (EPS) at each

or combined well sites (depending on technical and commercial feasibility to optimize the

numbers of EPS) and connecting wells to EPS through laying of 4”/6“ underground pipeline.

GSPC proposes development of 8 well wellhead locations with workover operations; well

stimulations and associated enhanced production techniques and setting up of 7 Early

Production systems (EPS) and related facilities in the block CB-ON/02 (Tarapur Block) in

Gujarat State.

Table 2.1 Salient features of the proposed project

Particulars Details

Company Name Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Limited

Name of the Block and

Location

CB-ON/02 (Tarapur Block) situated in Kheda and Anand

districts of Gujarat state

Area of Block 570 Sq. km

Site Co-ordinates Shown in Table 2.2

Category of the Project As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006 as amended

from time to time, this project falls under “1 (b)”- Offshore

and onshore oil and gas exploration, development &

production

Activity Involved Development activities of wellhead production facilities at 8

well locations by setting up of seven early production systems

(EPS) and allied facilities in CB-ON/2 (Tarapur Block) and



DESCRIPTION

2 - 2

Laying 4"/6" underground pipelines: from PNE#1/ PNE#2 to

PNE#2/ PNE#1 well locations

Land Requirement Land acquisition on 5 yearly rental basis and adequate

compensation is being paid regularly to the land owners.

Size or Magnitude of

Operation

Production from each well: Crude Oil: 30-40 SCM/day and

Gas: 3000-5000 SCM/day

Water Requirement Water will be sourced through bore well (own) within the site

and/or taken through tankers from public sources in case of

additional requirement. Water requirement of 6 KLD per EPS

will be sourced either through bore well or tanker. Water

balance chart is attached

Power Requirement MGVCL (Motive:100 HP & Light:25 KVA)

Emergency supply by 62.5 KVA DG set

Waste generation Produced Wastewater: Initially no produced water is

expected from the wells however the water produced may

increase, upto 10 SCM/day/well in the later stages of the

field production life which will be disposed as per standard

oil industry practices and applicable oil filed wastewater

discharge rules.

Domestic Wastewater: About 1.0 KLD/EPS generated at

each site shall be disposed to well-designed soak pit

constructed at site or sent to authorized CETP

Domestic Solid Waste: 1-2 kg/day/EPS generated at each

site will be segregated at source (Organic/Inorganic) and

disposed accordingly.

Hazardous waste:

Waste/used oil: 10-15 litres/year at each site, it will be

used for internal purpose.

Oily Cotton waste: 30 kg/month at each site, it will be

handed to authorized disposal site.

Waste Sludge oil: 1 SCM/month will be generated and

stored in container/cement drain pit and will be sent to



DESCRIPTION

2 - 3

authorized disposal site.

Employment Generation At EPS 6-10 people will work in each shift (3 shifts in 2

hours)

Estimated Project Cost Rs. 3-4 Crores in the development of production facilities at

each site

2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT

Work over of the temporarily abandoned wells and drilling of development wells in an area of

570 Sq. Km of CB-ON/2 block under Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda and Tarapur Talukas of

Kheda and Anand Districts of Gujarat for hydrocarbon prospect and gas pipeline (with

associated facilities) connecting the production wells to proposed EPS through pipeline. The

well fluid from the wells is routed to the EPS through the flow lines.

Demand & Supply

Energy, be it conventional or non-conventional is the basic requirement for the mankind. In

present day scenario, the consumption of energy has been increased with the growth of

population and their demand for improved amenities. Keeping the required growth rate and

rising energy demand for hydrocarbons in view, the Government of India has come out with

plans to encourage national, private and foreign companies to explore and develop the

hydrocarbon prospects. With this objective, the Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation has been

awarded a block in Gujarat state during PRE NELP round of bidding by Govt. of India. The Oil

& Gas produced will be utilized for domestic purpose only. There is enough demand in

domestic market.

2.3 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

2.3.1 Location

The total area of block CB-ON/2 is 570 Sq. Km. Government of India has awarded CB-ON/2

block under Matar, Borsad, Vaso, Kheda and Tarapur Talukas of Kheda and Anand Districts of

Gujarat to M/s Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation during PRE NELP round of bidding by

Govt. of India.Location details of EPS, existing wells connected to EPS are given in Table 2.2

and 2.3. Location map shown in Figure 2.1 and satellite image in Figure 2.2



DESCRIPTION

2 - 4

Table 2.2 Location details of existing connected wells

S. No Well Name Latitude Longitude Village Taluka District

1. PNE#1 22°44’15.99”N 72°42’28.29"E Ratanpur Matar Kheda

2. PNE#2 22°43’36.30”N 72°42’44.10"E Vansar Matar Kheda

3. TS#10 22°19’23.20”N 72°45’33.80"E Khandroti Borsad Anand

4. P1#East 22°37’24.50”N 72°39’02.60"E Nagrama Matar Kheda

5. Vaso#2 22°40’19.00”N 72°43’13.00"E Alindra Vaso Kheda

6. Changara#1 22°32’25.00”N 72°3313.00"E Chngada Tarapur Anand

7. Kheda#1 22°45’00.00”N 72°43’00.00"E Khumaravad Kheda Kheda

8. Indernaj 22°30’00.00”N 72°32’28.29"E Indranaj Tarapur Anand

Source: Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation

Table 2.3 Proposed locations for EPS creation

S. No Production facility (EPS) location

1. Either at PNE#1 or PNE#2

2. TS#10

3. P1#East

4. Vaso#2

5. Changara#1

6. Kheda#1

7. Indernaj

Note: P1#East and Indranaj wells and EPS are completely dropped.

2.3.2 Approach to the site

Available options of roads, railway lines and air transport to approach Tarapur EPS passing

through study area (10 km surrounding area) are mentioned below:



DESCRIPTION

2 - 5

Road

Vasad- Tarapur - Bagodara State highway is at ~7 km (Aerial distance) in South

direction from the Tarapur EPS

Sojitra - Dholka State highway is at ~10 km (Aerial distance) in North from Tarapur

EPS

By Rail

Nearest broad gauge railway station is at Anand (~ 45 Km) which is well connected to

Ahmedabad and Mumbai.

By Air

Nearest airport is at Ahmedabad (Sardar Patel International Airport). It has both

domestic as well as international connectivity (80 km from site).

2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The proposed development of wells and early production is expected to carry out:

1. From each well Crude Oil: 30-40 SCM/day Crude oil and Gas: 3000-5000 SCM/day

2. Connecting wells to EPS through Laying 4"/6" underground pipeline from PNE#1/

PNE#2 to PNE#2/ PNE#1



DESCRIPTION

2 - 6

Fig 2.1 Location map



DESCRIPTION

2 - 7

Fig 2.2 Satellite image showing the Block boundary and Well Locations



DESCRIPTION

2 - 8

Fig 2.3 Topo map of the 10 km radius



DESCRIPTION

2 - 9

Fig 2.4 Proposed pipeline route from PNE#1/ PNE#2 to PNE#2/ PNE#1



DESCRIPTION

2 - 10

2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY OF THE WELLS

The environmental sensitivity around 1 km radius of the drilling wells is given as Table 2.4

and maps shown in the following figures

Table 2.4: Environment sensitivity of the 1 km radius of wells

S. No Well Name Latitude & Longitude

Village Environment sensitivity within 1km radius

1 PNE#1 22°44’15.99”N 72°42’28.29"E

Ratanpur Agriculture fields, Ratanpur Village, Sedhi River and Ratanpur lake

2 PNE#2 22°43’36.30”N 72°42’44.10"E

Vansar Agriculture fields, Vansar lake and Vansar village

3 TS#10 22°19’23.20”N 72°45’33.80"E

Khandroti Agriculture fields

4 P1#East 22°37’24.50”N 72°39’02.60"E

Nagrama Agriculture fields, Nagrama village and Nagrama Talav

5 Vaso#2 22°40’19.00”N 72°43’13.00"E

Alindra Agriculture fields and Alindra village

6 Changara#1 22°32’25.00”N 72°3313.00"E

Chngada Dry pond and stream

7 Kheda#1 22°45’00.00”N 72°43’00.00"E

Khumaravad Sedhi River, Open Scrub and Kheda village

8 Indernaj 22°30’00.00”N 72°32’28.29"E

Indranaj Agriculture fields

1. P1#East

Fig 2.5: 1 km environmental sensitivity (P1#East)



DESCRIPTION

2 - 11

1. PNE#1

Fig 2.6: 1 km environmental sensitivity (PNE#1)

2. PNE#2

Fig 2.7: 1 km environmental sensitivity (PNE#2)



DESCRIPTION

2 - 12

3. TS#10

Fig 2.7: 1 km environmental sensitivity (TS#10)

4. Vaso#2

Fig 2.8: 1 km environmental sensitivity (Vaso#2)



DESCRIPTION

2 - 13

5. Kheda#1

Fig 2.9: 1 km environmental sensitivity (Kheda#1)

2.6 PRODUCTION OPERATION

2.6.1 Overview

Where a hydrocarbon formation is found, initial well tests - possibly lasting more than one

month (if tested by work over rig, which is smaller to a drilling rig) are conducted to establish

flow rates of oil & gas and formation pressure along with other reservoir parameters. These

tests may then generate data of expected production of oil, gas and formation water. On

completion of testing the well would be declared oil / gas producer or dry.

In the event of hydrocarbon strike, the well will be completed with a well head in place at

surface along with Christmas tree and casing & tubing inside the hole down to the desired

reservoir depth (say 2500-3000 m).

In the event of no hydrocarbon strike, the site would be restored to its original form (as far as

possible) and the well will be abandoned following standard practices.



DESCRIPTION

2 - 14

2.6.2 Process Description

Surface facilities are designed considering potential of well for the handling of produced

Fluid/hydrocarbons (Oil, Gas & water) from the Oil well. Surface production facility mainly

comprises of collection, separation, storage, heating, crude loading, flaring of associated gas,

gas metering and despatch etc. including associated support facilities like fire fighting pumps,

fire hydrants and other safety provisions as per statutory guidelines.

Reservoir pressure at these well sites is sufficient for the production of crude oil and natural

gas. Initially oil shall be produced due to the naturally occurring pressure i.e. self-flow at site.

After depletion of reservoir pressure, artificial lift will be installed to lift the fluid from well

bore up to surface.

Handling of Hydrocarbon (Oil + Water + Gas)

Produced hydrocarbons from wells flows through 4”/6” underground pipe line up to EPS

(Early Production System)

Firstly, in to the well manifold

Then, if required, directed to the Bath Heaters for raising the temperature of fluid 45-

50°C for ensuring its mobility.

Dozing of chemical (Demulsifier/PPD) for treating produced emulsified fluid before

entering to the Bath Heater, if required.

From here, the fluid (Liquid + gas) flows into the separators for separation of liquid

(oil + water) & gas.

Handling of Separated Liquid HC (Crude Oil + Water, if any)

Separated liquid hydrocarbons through separator, flows into Heater Treater for phase

separation/processing (if required) and then passed to overhead storage tanks for measurement

& storage. Proper settling time given to the liquid in the storage tank

If liquid contains water after separation, it will be drained from the tank bottom to

effluent drain pit. Further effluent water will either be disposed at CETP or will be

treated by mobile ETP and the treated water is disposed off as per Environment

discharge standards of State PCB.

Remaining crude oil with no or reduced water% will be loaded in tankers via the

tanker loading point and transported to ONGC-CTF, Nawagam.



DESCRIPTION

2 - 15

Handling of produced associated Gas

The gas coming out of the separator will be measured and will be utilized as follows

Mostly utilized as a fuel for Bath Heater for crude oil heating.

Part of it is utilized in place of instrument air for operation of pressure, temperature

and level control valves.

Part of Gas will be supplied to local nearby industry(s) through underground pipeline,

if feasible.

The excess gas generated would be sent to flare stack for flaring, if any. No cold venting

of gas is done due to safety reasons.

After depletion of reservoir pressure leading to cease of self-flow life of well, artificial lift

method will be proposed to bring oil on the surface to maintain the production.

Two-stage separator

Separator will be designed to separate production fluids into their constituents, components

of Oil, Gas and water. It will work on the principle of separation due to density difference,

velocity reduction, and gravity.

Once the oil and other fluids have been separated, the oil will leave the vessel at the bottom

through a dump valve that is controlled by the level controller. The gas which has now been

separated will reach to the top. This gas will leave through the top and is passed through a

meter run for measurement purposes.

The detailed process flow diagram of production system is shown in Figure 2.10 and the

standard layout of proposed EPS is shown in Figure 2.11

Proposed EPS Facility:

The list of facilities that will be installed at EPS is shown in Table 2.5

Table 2.5 List of facilities at EPS

S. No. Detail/Equipment Quantity/Capacity

1 Storage Tank (OHT: Over

Head Storage Tank )

3+3 = 6 No’s (Each Tank Capacity – 45 m3, Total –

180 m3)

2 Vertical Two Phase

Separators

2 No’s (Liquid Handling Capacity: 1500 BOPD &

Gas Handling Capacity: 3.5 mmscf/day)

3 Indirect Water Bath Heater 2 No’s (Heating Capacity: Inlet 20-30°C & Outlet:



DESCRIPTION

2 - 16

50-70°C, amount of fluid to be heated: 15 MT/hr)

4 Heater Treater (Optional) 1 No (Amount of fluid to be heated: 20 MT/hr)

5 Hot Water Circulation Pump 2 No’s (Flow rate: 10 m3/hr with flame proof

motor)

6 Chemical Dosing Pump 2 No’s (Flow rate: 0-6 lt/hr with flame proof

reciprocating pump)

7 Fire Fighting Facilities

i. Diesel driven centrifugal

pump

2 No’s (Capacity: 171m3/hr at 7 kg/cm2)

ii. Jockey pump 1 No (Capacity: 15HP x 10 kg/cm2 for maintain

water line pressure)

iii. Standard type water cum

foam monitors

4 No’s

iv. Standard post type water

hydrants with double outlet

6 No’s

v. Water reservoir tank 400 m3

vi. Portable fire extinguisher

of different types as per

OISD 1959

10 kg DCP Extinguishers – 15 Nos.

6.8 kg CO2 Fire Extinguishers – 5 Nos.

25 kg Trolley type Extinguishers – 2 Nos.

8 Electrical panel room with

fire siren

1

9 DG set (62.5 KVA to be

utilized in case of power

failure from GEB)

1



DESCRIPTION

2 - 17

Figure 2.10 Process flow diagram of production system



DESCRIPTION

2 - 18

Figure 2.11 Standard layout of proposed EPS



DESCRIPTION

2 - 19

2.6.3 Site Clearance

Agricultural land acquired on lease basis for development of EPS. After completing of HC

extraction land will be restored and returned back to land owners complying with standard

procedure.

Construction activity shall be carried out within well site premises. During the construction

phase, approximately 6-7 truck loads per day of material movement would take place. The

site construction would be done largely by employing local labour.

2.6.4 Access and Transport

The proposed project shall not require development of access roads since, sites are already

having approach roads (existing or were prepared at the time of drilling).

The transportation of the crude oil from the production site shall be using tankers / trailers

using the existing and proposed road system outlined above.

2.6.5 Production Site Facilities

The site perimeter will be appropriately fenced in the interests of security and public safety.

Site will require the following facilities:

Staff sheds with power generator

Material storage area

Bath Heater

Fire water pit

Waste Water pit

Crude oil storage area (tank farm)

Hazardous waste storage area

The detailed production site facilities were shown in the Standard layout of proposed EPS in

Figure 2.11

2.6.6 Raw Materials Required for Production activity

As such there shall be no raw materials required during production activity. However

chemicals like Demulsifier & Pour point depressants, are used to reduce the viscosity of

crude oil and will be stored in smaller quantities in the site. It shall be transported to site from

GPSC ware house.



DESCRIPTION

2 - 20

2.7 UTILITIES

2.7.1 Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation

Water will be sourced through bore well within the site premises and/or through tankers from

public sources in the vicinity in case of additional requirements. The total water consumption

at each installation is shown in Table 2.6

Table 2.6 Water Consumption

S.No. Description Water Requirement per

each installation (KLD)

1. Domestic 2.5

2. Industrial (for bath heater) 1.0

3. Fire water make up 2.5

Total 6.0

Wastewater Generation

Wastewater generation will be from domestic usage only. Apart from this, there will be

wastewater generation in the form of produced water during extraction of oil and gas in the

later stage. With aging of field, reservoir water starts moving into well bore and will be

produced along with crude oil. This is mainly due to increase of water saturation in

Hydrocarbon pore volume. The same shall be separated in the oil and gas separator and due

to density difference, it will be drained out. The same shall be collected in the drain pit and

disposed as per oil filed industry practices following the discharges standards of State PCB.

Domestic wastewater shall be sent to septic tank followed by soak pit.

Table 2.7 Wastewater Generation

S.No. Description Wastewater generated per

each installation (KLD)

1. Produced Water 10.0 KLD/well

2. Domestic 1.0 KLD/well

Total 11.0

2.7.2 Power Requirement

Source of Electricity for the proposed project site will be from Gujarat Electricity Board

(GEB). The power requirement (Motive: 100 HP & Light: 25 KVA) from GEB.



DESCRIPTION

2 - 21

Stand by DG set will be installed for emergency power supply.

DG set of capacity 62.5 KVA will be installed. In later stages of field, Artificial Lift may be

required at wells, then electricity at wells will be sourced through GEB.

Vent shall be provided in temporary storage tanks. Also stack will be provided to DG set and

oil and gas separators. The details of stack are given in Table 2.8

Table 2.8 Stack details

Details of stack

Stack attached to DG set Oil-gas separator

Stack height 5 m (as per CPCB guideline) 9 m

2.7.3 Solid Waste Generation

The solid waste generated from the proposed project will be only in form of domestic

municipal waste.

Domestic solid waste 1-2 kg/day generated at each site will be segregated at source (Organic

/ inorganic) & disposed accordingly.

2.7.4 Hazardous waste

Hazardous waste generated at each installation is given in Table 2.9

Table 2.9 Hazardous waste

S.No. Description Quantity

1. Waste/Used oil 10.0-15.0 litres/year

2. Oily Cotton waste 30 kg/month

3. Waste Sludge Oil 1 SCM/month

Waste/Used oil will be used mainly for internal purpose like lubrication of machinery

whereas oily cotton waste and used sludge oil will be handed to authorized disposal site.

2.8 PROJECT COST

Total cost of the project is Rs.3-4 Crores in the development of production facilities at each

site. Hence, the total project cost will be in the range of Rs. 25-30 Crores.

CHAPTER – III

ENVIRONMENTAL

BASELINE STUDY


CHAPTER-III DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3-1

3.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the existing environmental and socio-economic baseline for the

proposed project and its surrounding area. Baseline data establishes the present status of the

environment identifies the sensitive receptors in the study area and provides the basis for

assessment of the impacts due to the project, and enabling the development of a robust and

comprehensive environmental management and monitoring plan.

The baseline quality of various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land,

biology, meteorological and socio-economic factors are assessed within the impact zone of

10 km radius around the proposed site. Secondary data has also been incorporated from

authentic sources viz. Govt./Non-Governmental Agencies, Universities, Indian

Meteorological Department (IMD), Ground Water Board etc. Various environmental

components were monitored and samples analysed.

The main purpose & objective of the study area is:

To delineate the prevailing environmental condition of project/study area as per

awarded TOR issued by MoEFCC for EIA study.

To understand the project need and environmental characteristics of the area.

To assess the existing environmental quality

To identify environmentally significant factors or sensitive geographical locations.

To generate &/or collect the information of physical-chemical properties of the

environment of the project area, which includes data indicating quality & prevailing

status of air, water resources, soil fertility, noise, flora & fauna, ecological habitats

etc.

To study & generate/prepare the Land Use/Land Cover map, Topographic map,

Cartographic Map of 10 km radial area from the site.

To generate &/or collect details regarding climatic condition of project area.

3.1 STUDY AREA

Study area covers 10 km radius from proposed project site located at Kheda and Anand

district of Gujarat State.

3.2 STUDY PERIOD

Primary baseline data was collected between 23rd March’ 2019 and 22nd June’ 2019, which

has been considered as the ‘study period’ for the baseline. Primary baseline data has been

supplemented with requisite secondary data wherever necessary. In line with the Terms of



3-2

Reference (ToR) requirement prescribed by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), a zone

comprising a 10 km radius around the proposed project site is considered as the ‘study area’

for the EIA for land use aspects and ecology study.

3.3 METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY

Approach & Methodology of Baseline Study

The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey has been obtained from

the guidelines provided in the “EIA Guidance Manual for Oil and Gas Exploration” issued by

the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures

The study period and methodology for primary data collection is followed as per the CPCB

guidelines in line with TOR prescribed by MoEF&CC. Summary of monitoring plan with

sampling testing methodology followed is summarised in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Summary of Methodology for Baseline Data Collection

S. No.

Environmental Attributes

No. of Locations/ Area

Duration and frequency of sampling and other remarks

1. Meteorology Data At one station Meteorology data was collected on an hourly basis for 3 months.

2. Ambient Air Quality 8 Twice a week for 24 hours; for 3 months

3 Ambient Noise Levels 8 For 24 hours each in a month; for 1 season

4 Surface Water Quality 2 Once per a month

5 Groundwater Quality 8 Once per a month

6 Soil Quality 5 Once per a month

7 Ecology & Biodiversity Study area Once during the study period

8 Socio-economic Studies Study area Primary consultations were carried out in villages within 10 km radius during study period.

List of villages surveyed within 10 km radius is enclosed – Refer Social Baseline for details



3-3

3.4 MICRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA

The study area falls under Humid Subtropical zone according to Koppen’s classification of

climate zones. Winter and early summer are long and dry; summer is exceedingly hot leading

to heat waves. The rainy season lasts from September to December.

Historical meteorological data were obtained from climatological tables pertaining to Meerut

(as the nearest representative IMD station) for the period 1960-1990 and is summarised in

table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Meteorological Data of (Period 1960-1990)

Month Temperature

(0C) daily

Relative

Humidity, %

Rainfall

in mm

Wind speed

Kmph

Pre-dominant

wind direction

From Max Min Max Min

January 30.3 12.7 66 32 0.9 4.2 NE

February 32.7 14.6 60 25 0.5 4.4 NE, NW

March 36.9 19.0 53 20 1.8 4.3 NW, SW

April 40.0 23.5 56 21 2.5 5.2 SW, NW

May 40.7 26.7 64 28 4.5 9.1 SW,W

June 37.4 27.3 75 49 125.5 11.1 SW,W

July 32.8 25.9 86 70 277.1 9.0 SW,W

August 31.6 25.1 89 73 264.4 7.6 SW,W

September 33.6 24.6 85 61 116.1 5.3 SW,W

October 36.4 21.9 71 40 17.1 3.2 NE,NW

November 24.1 17.5 64 38 26.7 3.1 NE,N

December 31.2 14.2 68 38 4.7 3.7 NE,N

(Source-IMD Baroda)

3.4.1 Wind Speed and Direction

Being a coastal area the wind speed is high and found mostly between 3.1 – 11.1 km/hour for

all the months. The wind speed during summer season was mostly between 4.3 –9.1 km/hr

while during rainy season, it was between 5.3-11.1 km/hr and in winter months wind speed



3-4

ranges between 3.7-4.4 km/hr. The predominant wind direction is from southwest and west

direction. During winter season the wind blows from northwest and north direction.

3.4.2 Relative Humidity:

Most humid conditions are found in the monsoons, followed by summer, post-monsoons, and

winter in that order. Mornings are more humid than evenings; highest relative humidity is

recorded as 89% in August mornings followed by 86% in July and August month. During

summer season, relative humidity remains between 19 – 64 %.

3.4.3 Temperature:

December and January constitutes winter months with daily mean minimum temperature

around 12.7oCand daily mean maximum temperature around 32.7oC. May is the hottest

month with daily mean maximum temperature around 40.7oC and daily mean minimum

temperature around 19.8oC in March of summer.

3.4.4 Rainfall

The distribution of rainfall in the region, which includes the study area, is regular. Annual

total rainfall in the region is 841.8mm. Over 80% of the total annual rainfall is received

during the monsoon period between June and September.

3.4.5 Calm Period

The calm period constitutes an important factor in the dispersion of air pollution. The calm

period is more during night-time compared to daytime. The maximum calm period occurs

during September to February.

3.4.6 Site specific Met Data

An automatic met station was established at site to collect the site-specific data. The

predominant wind direction was from northwest and north direction. Clam conditions remain

11.44% of the time (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3 Site specific meteorological data

Sl. No.

Parameters March 23rd-31st

Apr-19 May-

19

June 1st to -

22nd June

1 Temperature (0C) Maximum 45.90 46.50 44.60 45.70 Minimum 24.90 25.80 28.40 25.30 Average 35.35 36.39 36.66 34.45

2 Relative Humidity (%) Maximum 35.20 56.70 62.20 84.40 Minimum 8.10 9.60 13.10 15.40 Average 19.05 25.96 35.02 51.22



3-5

3 Wind Speed (m/s) Maximum 3.58 4.97 6.61 6.64 Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average 1.43 1.32 1.96 1.95

4 Wind Direction (%) E 0.93 0.00 3.76 2.84 ENE 3.24 0.14 0.27 0.76 ESE 3.70 0.28 1.75 1.52 N 9.72 4.03 0.27 3.22 NE 6.48 0.83 0.40 2.65 NNE 4.63 0.56 0.40 1.52 NNW 5.09 7.50 0.54 4.17 NW 19.44 18.47 7.66 3.03 S 0.00 0.83 4.84 10.80 SE 0.93 0.56 3.36 2.84 SSE 0.46 0.00 1.88 2.08 SSW 0.00 1.25 3.76 14.77 SW 6.48 10.42 19.09 18.18 W 7.87 21.25 21.91 12.50 WNW 4.63 10.14 8.87 1.89 WSW 2.78 7.92 13.44 10.42 CALM 23.61 15.83 7.80 6.82



3-6

Fig 3.1 Wind rose for the period of 23rd March’ 19 to 22nd June ‘19



3-7

3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Selection of Sampling Locations: To assess the baseline ambient air quality a

scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network was established. Air quality

monitoring study was carried out during pre-monsoon season (i.e. 23rd March’19 to 22nd

June’19) within 10 km radius of the project site. The ambient air quality monitoring stations

were selected after a brief study based on the following considerations

Meteorological conditions

Topography of the study area

Predominant wind direction

Emission sources

Receptors sensitivity

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations were set up at Eight locations with due

consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the sampling stations are given

in the Table 3.5 and the same are also show in the Fig 3.2.

3.5.2 Methodology of Sampling and Analysis

Air samples collected were tested for the following parameters

PM10

PM2.5

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Ozone (O3)

Lead (Pb)

Ammonia (NH3)

Benzene (C6H6)

Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP)

Arsenic (As)

Nickel (Ni),

Hydro Carbon HC (Methane and Non Methane)

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the

procedures detailed in relevant parts of IS: 5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality



3-8

Test Methods). The methods used for determining the above mentioned parameters and

furnished hereunder in the table 3.4.

Frequency of Sampling: 24 hourly samples for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx, CO, O3, Pb, NH3,

C6H6, BaP, As, Ni, HC and VOC were collected from each station, at a frequency of twice a

week for the pre-monsoon season

Table 3.4 Techniques and Detectable limits for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

S. No. Parameter Technique Technical Protocol Minimum Detectable

Limit

1 PM10 (µg/m3) Respirable Dust

Sampler (Gravimetric

method)

IS-5182

(Part-IV) 5.0 g/m3

2 PM2.5 (µg/m3) Fine Particulate

Sampler (Gravimetric

method)

40 CFR USEPA

Gravimetric 2.0 g/m3

3 Sulphur dioxide SO2

(µg/m3)

Modified West and

Gaeke

IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0 g/m3

4 Oxides of Nitrogen

NOx (µg/m3)

Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 4.0 g/m3

5 Carbon Monoxide

(CO) mg/m3

Non Dispersible Infra-

red Spectroscopy

(NDIR)

IS:5182 (Part-X) 0.10 mg/m3

6 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 Chemical Method IS:5182 (Part-IX) 10 µg/m3

7 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 ICP after sampling on

EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter paper

IS:5182 (Part-22) 0.06 µg/m3

8 Ammonia (NH3)

µg/m3

Indophenol blue

method

IS:5182

(Indophenol

Method)

20 µg/m3

9 Benzene (C6H6)

µg/m3

Gas Chromatography IS:5182 (Part-XI) 2.0 µg/m3

10 Benzo(a)Pyrene

(BaP) ng/m3

Solvent extraction

followed by GC

IS:5182 (Part-XII) 0.5 ng/m3

11 Arsenic (As) ng/m3 ICP after sampling on

EPM 2000 or


CPCB guidelines 0.44 ng/m3

12 Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 ICP after sampling on

EPM 2000 or


CPCB guidelines 0.6 ng/m3

13 Hydro Carbon

(Methane and Non

Methane)

Gas Chromatography IS-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.5 ppm



3-9

14 Volatile Organic

Compound GC Method EPA 21 PID 0.5 ppm

Table 3.5 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

S. No Location Station

Code

Direction

from

Project Site

Latitude and

Longitude

Distance w.r.t

Project Site

km

Environmental

Setting

1 Khumarvad A1 ENE from

Kheda1 Well

22°45'5.54"N

72°43'29.83"E 0.9

Residential Area

2 Kheda Town A2 WNW from

PNE1 well

22°44'29.53"N

72°41'12.44"E 2.2

Residential Area

3 Vansar A3 SSE from

PNE2

22°43'26.90"N

72°42'49.06"E 0.4

Residential Area

4 Vaso A4 East from

VASO2 Well

22°40'6.77"N

72°45'15.54"E 3.9

Residential Area

5

Nandoli

A5 ESE from

PNE1 East

well

22°37'5.88"N

72°40'52.15"E 3.2

Residential Area

6

Daloli

A6 East from

Changara

Well

22°31'53.45"N

72°35'4.68"E 3.4

Residential Area

7 Indernaj A7 East from

Indernaj well

22°29'53.46"N

72°33'22.38"E 3.9

Residential Area

8 Kanbha A8 SE from

TS10 well

22°18'52.17"N

72°47'21.52"E 3.3

Residential Area



3-10

Fig 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Map



3-11

Table 3.6 Summary of Analysis of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area

Parameter PM10(µg/m3) PM2.5(µg/m3) SO2(µg/m3) NOx(µg/m3)

Monitoring

Station

No.

of

sam

ple

s

Max

imu

m

Min

imu

m

Mea

n

98th

per

cen

tile

No.

of

sam

ple

s

Max

imu

m

Min

imu

m

Mea

n

98th

per

cen

tile

No.

of

sam

ple

s

Max

imu

m

Min

imu

m

Mea

n

98th

per

cen

tile

No.

of

sam

ple

s

Max

imu

m

Min

imu

m

Mea

n

98th

per

cen

tile

A1 26 68.2 44.8 53.5 65.1 26 37.1 20.1 26.2 36.0 26 11.0 8.3 9.9 10.9 26 12.6 10.2 11.5 12.5

A2 26 79.2 52.8 63.2 75.9 26 42.7 26.1 32.7 40.0 26 13.2 10.4 12.0 13.1 26 15.5 12.2 14.1 15.2

A3 26 61.5 38.2 48.0 57.9 26 28.1 16.5 21.9 26.8 26 9.6 7.1 8.5 9.5 26 11.1 7.7 9.9 11.0

A4 26 65.7 42.8 51.8 62.7 26 35.6 19.7 25.0 33.8 26 10.4 7.2 9.3 10.3 26 12.3 8.7 10.9 12.1

A5 26 73.8 48.2 57.8 70.7 26 38.5 23.1 29.3 36.1 26 12.0 9.3 10.9 11.9 26 13.9 11.1 12.7 13.8

A6 26 63.9 40.5 50.3 60.2 26 33.8 18.2 23.8 32.1 26 10.1 7.4 9.0 10.0 26 11.6 8.2 10.4 11.5

A7 26 70.9 46.4 55.7 68.2 26 36.4 22.2 27.4 33.8 26 11.4 8.7 10.4 11.4 26 13.1 10.6 12.1 13.0

A8 26 76.2 49.2 60.0 72.9 26 40.6 24.2 30.6 37.9 26 12.5 9.9 11.5 12.4 26 14.8 11.8 13.4 14.6

NAAQS 100(µg/m3) 60(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3)



3-12

M

onit

orin

g L

ocat

ion

s

No

of

Sam

ple

s CO(mg/m3) O3(µg/m3) NH3(µg/m3)

Max

Min

Mea

n

98

p

erce

ntil

e

Max

Min

Mea

n

98

p

erce

ntil

e

Max

Min

Mea

n

98

p

erce

ntil

e

A1 26 0.24 0.11 0.14 0.22 42.0 17.0 30.5 41.5 26.0 20.0 20.9 24.5

A2 26 0.35 0.16 0.23 0.34 52.0 29.0 40.2 50.5 34.0 19.0 26.7 32.5

A3 26 0.16



3-13

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA

65.1

75.9

57.962.7

70.760.2

68.272.9

100

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Standard

98 Percentile of PM10 (µg/m3)

36.040.0

26.8

33.836.1

32.1 33.837.9

60

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0


98 Percentile of PM2.5 (µg/m3)



3-14


11.0 13.1 9.5 10.311.9 10.0 11.4 12.4

80

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0


98 Percentile of SO2 (µg/m3)

12.515.2

11.0 12.113.8 11.5 13.0

14.6

80

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0


98 Percentile of NOx (µg/m3)



3-15


0.220.34

0.15 0.190.27 0.17 0.24

0.30

4

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50


98 Percentile CO (mg/m3)

41.550.5

33.5 38.548.5

36.543.5 47.5

180

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0


O3 (µg/m3)



3-16


3.5.3 Existing Ambient Air Quality

On the perusal of above summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study are it is

evident that all monitored values in various locations are well within the specified limits of

CPCB. The results are summarized below:

PM10: The highest PM10 concentration 79.2µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was

recorded at station A2 while the lowest PM10 concentration was found to be 38.2µg/m3 at A3.

All the monitored values of PM10 are well below the specified limit of 100 µg/m3.

PM2.5: The highest PM2.5 concentration 42.7µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was

recorded at station A3 while the lowest PM2.5 concentration was found to be 16.5µg/m3

at A3. All the monitored values of PM2.5 are well below the specified limit of 60 µg/m3.

SO2: The highest SO2 concentration 13.2µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was recorded

at station A2 while the lowest SO2 concentration was found to be 7.1µg/m3 at A3. All the

monitored values of SO2 are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m3.

24.5 32.5 20.0 23.0 28.5 21.5 26.5 31.0

400.0

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0


Ammonia NH3 (µg/m3)



3-17

NOx: The highest NOx concentration 15.5µg/m3was observed in the ambient air was

recorded at station A2 while the lowest NOx concentration was found to be 7.7µg/m3 at A3.

All the monitored values of NOx are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m3.

CO: The highest CO concentration 0.34mg/m3was observed in the ambient air was recorded

at station A2 while the lowest CO concentration was found to be



3-18

1. Ground water quality --- IS 10500-2012

2. Surface/canal/sea water quality --- IS 2296

3.6.2 Selection of Sampling Locations

Sampling locations were selected on basis of:

a) Drainage pattern

b) Location of residential areas respecting different activities

c) Likely areas those can represent baseline conditions

Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected

physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the

existing water quality status in the study area.

The samples were analyzed in accordance with “Standard Methods for Examination of Water

and Wastewater Analysis” published by APHA.

3.6.3 Sampling Techniques

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for

metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were

collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters

have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area.

Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of

sample collection.

The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as per the

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in table 3.7.

Table 3.7 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for water sampling

Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation

pH Grab sampling

Plastic /glass container

50 ml On site analysis

Electrical

Conductivity

Grab sampling


50 ml On site parameter

Total suspended solids Grab sampling


100 ml Refrigeration,

can be stored for 7 days

Total Dissolved

Solids

Grab sampling


100 ml Refrigeration,

can be stored for 7 days



3-19

Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation

BOD Grab sampling


500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs

Hardness Grab sampling


100 ml Add HNO3 to pH2,

refrigeration, 28 days

Heavy Metals (As,

Cd, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn,

Pb etc.)

Plastic/ Glass rinse with

1+1 HNO3

500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to pH>2;

Grab sample; 6 months

Analytical Techniques

The analytical techniques used for water analysis is given in the Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 Analytical techniques for water analysis

Parameter Method

pH APHA-4500-H+

Colour APHA-2120 C

Odour IS: 3025, Part-4

Temperature APHA-2550 B

Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O

BOD APHA-5210 B

Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B

Turbidity APHA-2130 B

Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-



3-20

Parameter Method

Fluorides APHA-4500 F-

Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C

Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D

Total hardness APHA-2340 C

Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2

Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As

Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca

Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg

Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na

Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K

Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn

Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg

Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb

Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu

Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd

Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe

Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn

Boron APHA-4500 B

Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D

Alkalinity APHA-2320 B

COD APHA-5220 D

Phenolic Compounds APHA-510 C

Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA,

AWWA, WEF 23rd Edition, 2017



3-21

3.6.4 Water Sampling Stations

Table 3.9 Water sampling locations

Code Station

Direction bearing

w.r.t Project Site

Latitude & Longitude

Distance from

Project Site (km)

Source of collection

GW1 Kheda Camp NW from

Kheda1 Well

22°45'21.79"N

72°42'19.80"E

1.5 Supply water

GW2 Undhela S from PNE2

22°41'49.25"N

72°42'49.67"E

3.5 Supply Water

GW3 VASO ESE from

VASO2

22°39'39.56"N

72°45'22.76"E

4.1 Supply Water

GW4 Punaj NW from

PNE1 East

22°38'51.63"N

72°36'43.70"E

5.1 Supply Water

GW5 Daloli ESE of

Changara

well

22°31'51.13"N

72°35'3.54"E

3.3 Supply Water

GW6 Varsada NW from

Indernaj well

22°31'0.32"N

72°30'46.41"E

1.9 Ground water

GW7 Vatadara NNW of

TS10 well

22°20'28.80"N

72°45'9.02"E

2.2 Ground water

GW8 Kalamsar SSW of

TS10 well

22°18'9.71"N

72°44'32.35"E

2.9 Ground water

SW1 Vatrak River Near

Kheda West of

Kheda1 well

22°45'19.56"N

72°40'53.69"E

3.6 Surface water

SW2 Vally Lake South of

Indernaj

Well

22°28'10.07"N

72°30'55.65"E

3.2 Surface water

SW3 Nagrama Pond SW of

PNE1East

22°37'8.58"N

72°38'42.87"E

0.8 Surface water

SW4 Kanbha Pond SE from

TS10 well

22°18'44.70"N

72°47'22.04"E

3.4 Surface water



3-22

Fig 3.3 Ground Water and Surface Water Sampling Location Map



3-23

Table 3.10 Ground water quality of the study area

S.No. PARAMETER UNIT GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS:10500-Standards

Acceptable Permissible

1. Color Hazen

Development

Documents

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