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BHARUCHI VAHORA PATEL
A brief history of Bharuchi Vahora Patel community in India, Britiain, Africa, Canada and the USA. Edited by: Adam Ghodiwala Yacoob Mank Co-ordinated by: Siraj Patel “Paguthanvi” Sufi Manubari Imtiaz Patel © 2011 k=5lns# 5‹yd vlj+:‡> ª¼ÁÁ 7l/5k[7Âu> dc[s 7`lFkm[xf kòjk, a#M7f, i].s[. 7[:m> +44 1204 591709 /d[/m> [email protected] d}Mi> z ªÓ-¼¼ £2.00 $3.00
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jc#zlv#f# k=a=w dlzjl9, zg5}tlfl vf[ p‡z 5‹n[xfl
:cFn]v# kly[ ú[9jldL vlj[ º zlkdl4ldL f¾w à s[ k]mtlf
vcdnxlcfl á/.k. Á¢ª¼â kdidL a‹l¶6# vf[ dclgf#
ájl:6ilâ d]kmdlf yi[ml. t[v# ‘jc#zl’ sc[jltl ctl. clm
56 :cFn] s#dfl a‹l¶6# vf[ jl:6ildL ‘jc#zl’ v7s
5‹r:mt º vl i]udL g[ zg5}t# d]:Kmd yil t[ d#m[ kmld s[
dm[s sc[jlil vf[ g[ xKÔz:ct ú:tfl :cFn] d]:Kmd yil t[
‘jc#zl’ sc[jlil.
/.k. Á¥Á¥dL s[%7f v#jFk[ eZr :gMmlf; 5‹yd kj¹ sz[m;.
v[dL t[df[ 7=slz;vlfl jc#zl 5lk[y; d4[m; dl:ct;f# pMm[b
º vl vf]klz i]•dL s[n 5s9li[ml s[7mls dlzjl9;v#f[ :cFn]
zlúv[ u]mld zlb[ml. xc[fxlc gcLu;z[ /.k. Á¤Á¥dL
13
t[df[ d]å szlJil. vl dlzjl9;v# d]:Kmd yil v[7m[ t[df[
u]gzltf; bzlalf; gd;f# p5z jkljjldL vlJil.
klz#nfl jc#zlv# k]mtlf dcd}n a[u9lfl kdidL d]:Kmd
yi[ml. sl:8iljl9fl d#za; fuzfl v[s d=Vlzld fldfl
a‹l¶6fl t[v# j=xú[ º d}4 klz#nfl clm m=9f:fjlk;
gfla ils]a 57[m 5lk[ t[dfl s]7]=af; j=xljm; Ã t[dLy; v[j;
dl:ct; d4[ Ã s[ klz#nf]= vkm fld ‘kl:cm[ Zn’ v[7m[ ‘fn;
sL8[ jk[m]= uld’ ct]=. vkm j9jl e]klzld fluz a‹l¶6 ctl
t[ d}4; uldfl jtf; ctl. /.k. Á¢‰»dL d[cd}n a[u9lv[
g}flu0 îTi]= Tilz[ TiLfl n;jlf d=Vlzld d]:Kmd yi[ml.
d=Vlzldfl 5]Ôf; xln; Z5l fldf; 1Ô;i V#sz; kly[ yi[m;
t[df]= k=tlf vd;î. vl vd;îf# j=xj[m# cg] 56 rlm[ º
slj; vf[ g=a]kzfl s[7mls jc#zlv# d}4 zlj4;vldLy;
d]:Kmd yi[ml. e9s#«lfl jc#zlv# jl:6il, n[jmlfl zg5}t
vf[ 7=slz;fl el7;vl vyjl m#cl6lfl j=xú[ º
‘57[m :9z[s7z;’fl k=5lns dzc}d /a‹lc;d nlnlel/
‘a[slz’f; f¾w d]ga, s[7mls jc#zl 0[9, rdlz, bÔ; vf[ d#0
3Lr;dLy; yil º
ac[zldî dmalz; mb[ Ã s[ ‘jc#zl vkmdL :cFn] ctl v[g
slz6[ vlg k]w; v[ m#s#dL :cFn] dlFitl vf[ :zjlú[ ú[jl
d4[ º jc#zlfl fkm; el/ dlzjl9, zlg5]tlfl vf[ i].5;.dL
à vf[ :cFn] ‘a#czl’ sc[jli º
:cFn] 2l:t5‹ylf; vkzf# pMm[b sztL ohm m]To]Mmlc v[dfl
tl. Á¢-»-Á¥‰¥fl 5ÔdL mb[ à s[, g[v# :cFn]v#f; pRr
ú:tdLy; d]kmdlf yil c#jlf# nlj# sz[ Ã t[v# :cFn]v#f;
f;r j6l¹dLy; d]kmdlf yi[ml jc#zlv#f[ 5#tlf; sFilv#
vl5tl fy;.
14
vcdnxlc 5c[mlfl kdidL s[7mls a‹l¶6, jl:6il d]:Kmd
yil v[ b½=, 56 t[ vulp k]mtlf d]cDdn t3mbfl kdidL
56 jc#zlv#f]= v:KtTj ct]=. 5‹jlk; /Af[ at]tl Gilz[ u=wlz
5c¾Ri# Tilz[ jc#zlfl kznlzfl 5]Ô#v[ t[f]= Kjlut sz[m]=.
snd 7=slzj;fl k=x#wff[ vlwlz[ 5‹l%t yi[m; 5}zs dl:ct; d]ga,
eZrf; vlk5lkfl 5‹n[x#f]= 5‹lr;f fld ‘ml7’ ct]= ákly\
ú[96;s#xâ. v[7m[ TiL jkflzl jc#zl 57[m# slf:dil s[ ml7 5‹n[xfl
sc[jlil. vlg[ 56 slfddL jw] 59t# 8l8-88lz# szflzf[ ‘ml7
klc[a’ sc[jldL vlj[ º k{slv#y; ml7 5‹n[xdL jkjl7 szflz k]Ff;
d]:Kmd jc#zl 57[m# rz#tzfl s6a; 57[m#y; k=a=w wzlj[ Ã. t[dfl
5}j\ú[ Kj[RVlv[ /Kmld v=u;slz sz; eZr slfdfl ‘5#6; ak#’
uld#dL Kyli; yil. ml7 5‹n[xfl nz[s k]Ff; d]:Kmdf; s~7]=:as v7s
‘57[m’ c#i º vFi 5[7l v7s# w=wlnlz; ád]fx;, tml7;,
p3zltnlzâ s[ Ky4jlrs ájl9;jlml, 3=7;jlml, 5lnzjl4lâ º v7s
p5zLt rz#tz; vf[ eZr; 57[m# jRr[ elqlf]= 56 klDi º t[v#
5l6;f[ ‘5#6;’ s[ slff[ ‘s#f’ a#m[ º vld slf# álâ c#i TiL dlÔl
á [â 56 pd[z[ Ã, g[ds[ uLw;f[ anm[ u¾w;.
g[d rz#tz; 57[m# mUf k=a=w#dL uld#f[ WilfdL zlb[ Ã t[ z;t[
slfdfl jc#zl 57[m# ‘5#6; ak# uld#’ 5}zt# xln; Jijclz
dil\:nt zlbtl ctl. rz#tz; 57[m# f; g[d eZr; jc#zl 57[m#
klc:ks Ã, vf[ ú[bd jc#z; m[jlf; j+:‡ wzlj[ º vlg[ 56 jc#zl
57[m#dL ‘x]= sld rlmt; jc#z[ ó’ v[j# xAn5‹i#u yli º snlr
vldLy; g ‘jc#zl’ v#4b pn±ej; c#i.
jc#zl xAnf; pT5:‡ vf[ xAnly\f[ vlwlz[ 56 jc#zlv#fl 5}j\ú[
:jq[ vf]dlf# yli º v[s dt vf]klz, ‘a#czl’ xAn d}4 vza;
‘ajlc;z’ 5zy; Ã g[ j[5lz c]Ffz vf[ bz;n j[rl6 dl7[ j5zli º
vza;dL ‘a[cz[‘ v[7m[ P=7#f; clz v[ 56 P=7#f; j6hlz ãlzl
j[5lz k}rj[ º s[7mls dlf[ Ã s[ d}4 xAn ‘ac]zlc’ Ã g[f# vy\ 36L
zKtl v[7m[ :j:jw ú:tv#fl :dô6y; af[m s#d yli º d}4 olzk;
xAn ‘a[czlc’ f# vy\ klr# dlu\ yli à v[7m[ g[df# wlòds 5=y
15
kNdlu\ Ã t[ ú:t. olzk;dL ‘aczg’ xAn xl6l j[5lz; dl7[ j5zli
Ã, v[7m[ aczg 5zy; jc#zl yi]= c#i.
:cFn]Ktlf; elqldL ‘Ai#clz;’ xAn à g[fl 5zy; ‘j[5lz;’ vf[ 5V;
‘jc#zl’ xAn 5‹r:mt yi# c#i v[d af[. j[5lz; :cFn] c#i s[ d]:Kmd
t[ awl jc#zl sc[jlil. tlz;b[ u]gzlt vf]klz ‘ailkzl’ v[7m[
jcl6f]= z16 szflz m#s#. 5V;y; vl xAn t[ m#s# dl7[ j5zli# g[
jcl6# kly[ :cFn vlJil vf[ TiL g jk; uil. vl ‘ailkzl’ xAn
kdi gtL ‘jc#zl’ yi#. ‘kozfld-v[-u]gzlt’ á/.k. Á¥¥‰âdL
mBi]= Ã s[ ‘jc#zl s#df]= d}4 u]gzltdL º t[ awl j[5lz; vf[
c]fzjz º :cFn;dL :túzt dl7[ ‘Jijclz’ xAn Ã. 36l jc#zl
n:zil/ dlu¹ vzaKtlf kly[ j[5lz sz[ º’
‘57[m :9z[s7z;’ á/.k. Á»Ó¢â vf]klz ‘Jc#zl’ xAnf; pT5:‡
Jc#zj]= vyl\t j[5lz szj# v[ 5zy; y/ c#i t[ jwlz[ i#Ui mlu[ º
a+cn u]gzlt; s#x vf]klz ‘jc#z#’ xAn d}4 k=Ks+tdL ‘Jiljclzs’,
5‹ls+tdL ‘:jjclzv’ vf[ g}fl u]gzlt;dL ‘j]c]zv’ 5zy; vlJi# º
v[f# v[s vy\ d]:Kmd k]Ff; :ozslf; j[5lz; s#d.
:cFn]v# vf[ d]:Kmd#dL g[ s[7m;s kldlFi v7s# Ã t[f[ vlwlz[ 56
jc#zlv#f; pT5:‡ :jq[ vf]dlf# yiL º eujN u~d=94dL f¾w Ã
s[, jc#zl - j#czl - j#zl v[7m[ fluz, jl:6il, s6a;, c:zgf
2l:tv#dL 5‹r:mt v7s tyl d]:Kmd xlc]slz#f; gdlt. eZr;
jc#zl 57[m#dL ‘e9’ v7s 56 º 7=slz;vlfl pdz olZs rld9fl
5}j\ú[ 5lk[y; d4[m; dl:ct; d]ga, w#4sl w=w]sly; e;dl e9 vf[
s#9l e9 fldfl a[ el/v# eZr :jKtlzdL vlj; jk[ml. clmfL e9
s]7]=a# t[dfl j=xú[ º w=w]slfl n[kl/ s]7]=afl 5}j\ú[ d}4 zg5}t
ctl. xc[fxlc gcLu;zfl kdidL d]:Kmd yi[ml. clm t[v#
‘jc#zl’ sc[jli º :cFn]v# vf[ jc#zl 57[m#dL kldlFi v7s
‘57[m’ p5zLt e}tl, vd;f, n[kl/, slzelz;, nmlm, d[ú, u7;
vl:n º
16
ª
vlhln; 5}j¹f# /:tclk
kdlg>
v=u‹[ú[fl xlkfsl4dL d]=a/ kzslz[ Á¥‰‰dL 5‹:k• sz[m ‘u[h[:7iz
vlÇo w a#Da[ 5‹[:k9Fk;, k]zt vÇF9 eZr’ t[dg Á¥»»dL 5‹:k•
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t[v# 36l s]x4 vf[ dc[ft] b[9}t# º t[v# vlf=n; vf[ d4tlj9l
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n[blj9; º KÔ;v# k]=nz eztsld vf[ j6l7sld sz[ Ã, tyl
b[t;slddL dnn sz[ º 3zdL rm6 KÔ;v#f]= º
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a[7; Jijclz zlbtl fy;, 56 t[ :kjlifl tdld Jijclz# klrj[ º
eZr :gMmlfl uld#dL 5=rlit#fl j9l jc#zl 57[m c#i º :cFn]
b[9}t# t[df[ ac] dlf vl5[ º zKtldL :cFn] vf[ jc#zlfL ul9L
kldkld[ vlj[ t# jc#zlfl ul9lf[ zKt# vl5; r;mldLy; 5‹yd 5klz
yjl n[jli º
jc#zl 5]½q# tldk;, hf]f; vf[ Kjt=Ô :dúgfl º pu‹ Kjeljf[
m;w[ :gMmlfl :af-d]:Kmd# t[df[ ‘k#Mgz m#s’ sc[ º k]zt
u[h[:7izdL v[j; f¾w à s[, tl.ÁÓ-Ó-Á¥‰Ófl z#g úc[z
k]m[cxL:tf# e=u sz; vlk5lkfl uld#fl ak# jc#zlv# eZr 5z
r0; vlJil ctl, vf[ t[dfl wd\f]= v5dlf szflz 5lzk; a[fzîf[
dlz; fLBi# ct#. t[dfldL ñcdt, vl:tYi kTslz, tyl wlòds
r]Kttl º t[v# dly]= d}=9lj[ Ã, nl0; zlb[ Ã, k]zjl4 vf[ bd;k 5c[z[
º
17
s[7mls o¿7# aLw[ Ã, 5l39;, mlm 7#5; s[ sl4;
7#5; 5c[z[ º k]b; :Ky:tfl vlxz[ jlòqs
Z:5il Á,¼¼¼f; vljsjl4l jc#zlv# 5lk[
z#gfl j5zlx dl7[ Zl. ƒ¼ fl a[ o¿7l, Áª
vlflf; v[s v[j; vl8 k]tzlp a=9;v#, n#0
Z:5ilf# v[s v[jl vl8 s#7, v[s Z:5ilf; v[s
v[j; vl8 k]zjl4# tyl Z:5il v0;f# v[s v[jl
rlz b[k c#i º
vl p5zLt blk 5‹k=u#v[ 5c[zjl Z:5il Á¼¼f; k#f[z; skajl4;
5l39; vf[ Zl. ‰¼f; v[s :sfblaf; a=9; c#i º jlztc[jlz[ Z:5il
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º tc[jlz[ s[ s#7\sr[z;v[ úi Tilz[ x[zjlf; vyjl s#7 5c[z[ º
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vf[ clz 5c[z[ º slf s#rlj; rLn;f; jl4;v#, k#flf]= 5tZ= r9lj[m
cLk9;, s7[kz;, slrfl flfl d6sl jRr[ k#flfl d#7l d6sljl4#
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rLn;fl kLs4l 5c[z[ º 3z[6L 3l7;mL, ú9L vf[ jgfnlz c#i º
nlpn; jc#zl sztL t[df; u]gzlt; elqlfL pRrlz6 tyl Kjzelz
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z#7m# vf[ 3p=f; z#7m; º t[v# dLk dlVm; 56 bli º jc#zl
57[m# sj:rt g vo;6 m[ º t[v# nlZ 5;tl fy; vf[ nlZ:9ilf[
w]Tslz[ º t[df]= kldl:gs dl4b]= r]Kt Ã, vf[ sj:rt g 2l:t aclz
5z6[ º
18
jc#zlv#dL cg] s[7mls :cFn] :zjlú[ º dz6 5‹k=u[ t[df; KÔ;v#
:cFn] KÔ;v#f; g[d z9[ º mUffl a[ Ô6 :njk vulp jlf]n[jfl
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dz6fl 5‹k=u#v[ fltjlz# sz[ º fltjlz# c#i Tilz[ cúd f#tzL
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5]½q# 5V; gdjl a[k[ º mUf a[F9jlú= kly[ sz[ º 0#m vf[ wt}½=
jul9[ º jz51 vf[ sFil51f; v#zt# kldkld[ u;t# uli º t[dL
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tlzl d¾d[ v#izl du,
aml9l a#mt# s[d fy;...
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7`[9Âu vÇF9 dls¹7Âu’dL 5ljzwl º eZr :gMmldL s5lkf; út
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19
xZ sil|. t[f# p5z; g[Dk m[F9f fldf# v=u‹[g ct#. t[6[ Á¥ÓÓdL
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jlj[tz szflz s6a; vf[ jc#zl b[9}t# m[F9ff; :dmf[ s5lk j[r[ º
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t[v# :x16 vf[ 5#m;k bltlf; f#sz;v#dL tyl Kjt=Ô
j[5lzw=wlv#dL 56 º
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20
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r}=76;v# i#ú/ t[f# mle m/ úu+t jc#zl 57[m# eZr
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s=ylz;vlfl blf acln]z vm;el/ 57[m Á»ªƒdL d]=a/
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s#mj6lfl dc=dn /a‹lc;d d§f vf[ j#zl kdf;fl d]kl ckf
klm[cf[ 56 :a‹:7x kzslz[ t[df; úc[z k[jlv#f; snzZ5[ blf
klc[afl :btlay; fjlg[ml. m=9f:Kyt gfla nlpnel/ vlhln[
5#tlfl uld j#zl kdf; :jq[ 5}z; 5l9[m; dl:ct;dL f;r[ d]gaf;
f¾w Ã>-
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ctl. 5c[m; r#59; k]w;f]= e6tz ct]= 56
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31
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57[m#fl i#unlfdL x}Filjslx º
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d]klozblflf; i#gfl af; vf[ jc#zl 57[m#fl klykcslzy;
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vlg[ 56 vl d]klozblf]= gfla dcDdn nmlm kLkz#njlmlfl
sli\n1 dlu\nx\f c[84 clîv#f[, 5zn[x gtl-vljtl koz; el/
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k=Kylv# Ã g[ flf[ d#7[ 5li[ uldfl :jslk dl7[ kdlg k[jlfL sld
32
sz[ º 56 kdu‹ eZr; k]Ff; jc#zlv#fl x{1:6s, kldl:gs s[
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kl:cTi>
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5:zi[gfl vezld eut, /a‹lc;d nlnlel/ a[slz áblf5]z, :g.
eZrâ, b]Xa#f; :cgzt fjmsylfl m[bs jm;el/ 57[m ájclm]â,
klz#nfl jm; k]m[dlf 57[m, i]k]o vxzo ájclm]â, 7=slz;vlfl
dgf} n[9slf# kdlj[x yli º 7=slz;vlfl d]Kt]olaln;v[ vl:OsldL
5#tlf]= kl%tl:cs xZ sz[m]=. a[slz klc[a[ ‘/Fklf’ vf[ ‘57[m :dÔ’,
t# vh;h 7=slzj;v[ Á»‰ÓdL ‘5zjlh’ fldf]= kld:is xZ sz[m]=.
v[ :kjli ‘5iuld’ á/klel/ slj;jlmlâ vf[ ‘smd’ xZ yi[mL.
33
vdnljlny; V[Mml a[ nlisly; 5#tlf; vluj; k=Kslz; 5‹:tel kly[
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g[fl ys; u]gzltfl d]:Kmd#f]= 5#tlf]= sc; xsli v[j]= v[s vbalz
c#jlf]= Kj%f klslz y/ xsi]= º
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kj\ô; vnd 7=slzj;, vh;h 7=slzj;, snd 7=slzj;, dc[s 7=slzj;,
hls;z 7=slzj;, /salm p3zlnlz, nlpn bLw;il, 5[‹d; nilnzj;,
:kzlg 57[m 5u]y6j;, :guz fa;5]z;, /a‹lc;del/ V[ml, clZf
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d.k].slzelz;, zovt slj;jl4l ju[z[.
7=slz;vlf; e}:dfl kl:cTislz# :jx[ eujt;s]dlz xdl\v[ vh;h
7=slzj;fl k=u‹c ‘uhmfl u]mdc#z’dL t[df; 5‹KtljfldL f¾Wi]= Ã s[
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w#z;jlml ái].s[.âfl 5‹#Tklcfy; dzc]d /a‹lc;del/ fly:milf;
ilndL j9#nzlfl 9lÇ. zx;n d;zfl k=rlmf c[84 i#úi[ml d]xlizldL
t[d6[ sc[m]= s[> “u]gzlt; kl:cTi 7=slz;vlfl kl:cTislz#fl 5‹nlffl
pMm[b juz vw}½= g u6li.” 7}=sdL eZr; k]Ff; jc#zlv#f; i]jl
5[0;f[ oz; v[sjlz kl:cTi kly[ ú[9jlf; 5‹j+:‡ 5z x{1:6s
k=Kylv#, k[jlelj; m#s# Wilf vl5[ t# u]gzlt; kl:cTif; n]:fildL
k;dl:rc±fZ5 kg\s# f;j9; xs[ º
5:zi[gfl /Kdl/m 3:9il4; vf[ eZrdL ohm 57[m n;f; t[dg
kldl:gs úu+:t dl7[fL vjlz fjlz 5‹slxf# sz[ º
34
wlòds :stla#fl 5‹slxf p5zLt nlZm pm}d, s=ylz;vl tzoy;
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kldl:gs t[dg vFi alat#f; rrl\-:jrlz6lf[ 5‹lwlFi vl5t]=
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‘kRrl/’ át=Ô; dj. /Kdl/m e}tlâ vf[ ‘Zclf; 5iuld’ át=Ô;
clî dc=dn dlKtz 7=slzj;â, nilnzly; ‘azslt[ Bjlú’ át=Ô; 57[m
xAa;z vm; zhj;â, yldy; ‘vm d]/f’ át=Ô; /Kdl/m v[d.clo[gâ
tyl nlpn 57[m s=a#m;jlmlv[ xZ sz[m]= ‘d]ú:cn’, nilnzlfl
3=7;jlml clî vm;el/v[ xZ sz[m]= ‘f}zlf; oihlf’ ju[z[
kld:is#. fa;5]zfl dzc]d /Kdl/m clo[h; ‘tialc’ dl:ksfl
kc-t=Ô;5n[ y#9#s kdi zc[ml.
z;t:zjlú[ vf[ 5c[zj[x>
vlhln; 5c[mLfl z;t:zjlú[dL jc[d, v=wô•l, s]:zjlú[f]= 5‹dl6
jw] ct]= g[dL sl4Sd[ :x16, 5‹jlk t[dg k}h kdg vljtL 37l9#
yi#. nl.t. xln;-mUf 5‹k=u[ d=95f; 5c[m; j4; gd;fdL d}s[ t[dL
x]sf tz;s[ k#5lz;-5{kl fLb[ vf[ v[ j4;f[ mlm 5;4# ú9# n#z#
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yli v[j; dlFitl 56 v[sln a[ nlisl 5c[mL g :fd}\4 y/. ú[ s[
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p=dz mlis KÔ;v# kl9;-saú[ 5c[zt; ct; t[ vl mbflz[ 56
azlaz ú[i[m]=. 5V; sl4Sd[ kl9;-saúf[ anm[ dil\nljl4#
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yil.
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35
7=slz;vl, slz[ml g[jL vf[s uld#dL ejl/ yt;. c]= 5#t[ ejl/ ú[jl
kLe4jl ui[m#. df[ iln à TiL k]w; 7=slz;vldL jm; dLrjlml,
u]mldel/ k]t:zilf[ ejl/dL elu m[tL ú[i[ml.
wlòds dlFitlv#>
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d«kl 56 vmu yil, 56 kldl:gs vlnlf-5‹nlf, z#7;-a[7;
Jijclz vlg[i dga}t º :ozsl yil t[ j[4l wlòds h39l yil, s#7\
sr[z;v# k]w; 56 dldml 5c¾r[ml, 56 vTilz[ d#7[ elu[ k~
5#t5#tlf; z;t[ 5#tlf; dlFitl 5l4[ º
36
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vh;h 7=slzj;
vl56l kdlg :jq[ xsi v[7m; dl:ct; v[s:Ôt sz; vl 5]KtsdL
v[f; zg}vlt sztl ctl t[ nz:dilf kdlgfl s[7mls :ctñrts#
tzoy; v[j]= k}rf yi]= s[ kdlgf; jt\dlf kdKilv# vf[ t[fl
ps[m#f; 56 jc#zl 57[m#fl /:tclkfl vl u‹=ydL rrl\ szjldL
vlj[.
vl k}rffl kFne¹ vd[ kdlgfl cdnnl¹, a~:•s# vf[ :jrlzx;m
el/v# kly[ rrl\ sz;. t[df; N:Q7v[ vl56l kdlgf; :j:jw
1[Ô#dL s/ kdKilv# Ã, vf[ g[ t[ 1[ÔdL jw] klzL 5:z6ld#
d[4jjl tyl t[ 1[Ôf[ jw] :jskljjl x]= sz; xsli³ v[jl 5‹Ä# 5}V;
t[dfL d=tJi# 5‹l%t sil|, g[ cj[ 5V;fL 5+Q8#dL 5‹Kt]t º
vc g[ d=tJi# tyl ps[m# zg} yil à t[ kdlgf; pFf:t dl7[ :fKat
(concern) wzljtl tyl kdlgfl :ctf; b[jfljl4l y#9l el/v#
tzoy; vdf[ 5‹l%t yiL º kdlgdL vlfl p5i#u tyl vdm;sz6
alat f;r[ g6lj[m d]Nl WilfdL zlbjl :jf=t; º
vc zg} yi[m :jrlz# dlÔ d=tJi#, v:e5‹liZ5[ º j4; t[ kdlgfl
vd]s el/v#fL N:Q7ñan] º v[ g z;t[ vc vl5[m ps[m# s[j4
:nxlk}rfZ5[ Ã. vl56# c[t] :fzy\s jln:jjln Pe# szjlf# fcÂ,
56 kdlgf]= :ct klwjlf# º
s#/f[ v[d mlu[ s[ vc pMm[b yi# à v[j; s#/ kdKil kdlgdL Ã[
g fc t# g[ t[ d=tJif[ znaltm dlf; s#zl6[ d}s[, ignore sz[.
s#/f[ v[d g6li s[, vc g[ kdKilf; rrl\ y/ à t[f]= KjZ5 vlj]=
fc 56 g]n]= Ã, t# v[ g[ t[ kdKilf[ 5#tlf; z;t[ t5lk[. v[j; z;t[
s#/f[ vc k}rj[m ps[m sztL a;ú[ jw] klz#, vkzslzs ps[m k}h[
t# t[ z;t[ vlu4 jw[.
37
vc zg} yi[m d]Nl kD5}6\ V[j7fl (final) à s[ kdlgdL s#/fl dl7[
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vf[ :jrlz :jdx\f; 5‹:Sil xZ yli t[ dl7[ dlu\k=s[t (guidelines)
tz;s[ º d]Bi c[t] t# kdlgdL vl56; nxl-:nxl :jq[f; kelftl
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vf[ jw] klzL 5:z6ld# d[4jjl dl7[ gZz; o[zolz# yli t[ º s#/
56 kdlg dl7[ g{k[ y[ - iyljt± :Ky:t (status quo) :ctljc fy;.
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vld f yli t# kdlg 5z 5Vlt56lf]= m[am mlu[ vf[ K5wl\fl vl
i]udL vlu4 jwjlf; ts#y; kdlg j=:rt zc[.
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1[Ô kly[ k=s4li[ml y#9l dl6k# e[ul yli, d]Nlv#f; rrl\ sz[, v[dL
i#Ui o[zolz#, k]wlzljwlzl sz[, vdm dl7[ sli\vli#gf (action
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vlj[ vf[ sl4Sd[ jw] m#s# kdlg k]wlz6lfl vl v:eilfdL
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kdlgk[js#f[ vl :nxlk}rf p5i#u; yx[ v[j; v5[1l º
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problems)
s#/ 56 îj=t, :jslkx;m kdlg[ kdKilv#f# kldf# szj#
59[ g º vl56[ k~ 5‹yd t# kdKIll à t[ Kj;slzj]= 59[, t[
5V; t[f]= KjZ5 (nature of the problem) kdgj]= 59[,
rrl\:jrlz6l ãlzl t[fL slz6# x#wjL 59[, v[ slz6# n}z
szjlfl p5li i#gjl 59[. vlw]:fs i]udL g[ kdlgdL kdKil
cm szjlf; k}hkdg, 1dtl (problem solving ability)
fy; c#t; t[ kdlg 5Vlt zc[ Ã, 5zljm=a; af[ Ã vf[
sl4Sd[ t[f]= v:KtTj ú[bdli º
38
k~ 5‹yd kdKilv# 5‹Ti[ vl56l kdlgf]= jm6 (attitude)
vf[ t[ kFne¹ vl56# v:eud (approach) t5lkjlf; gZz
º kdKil mLal kdi k]w; cm yil juz zc[ t# t[ kdlgfl
s#8[ 59; úi º kdlg kdKIll kly[ g îjjlf]= Kj;slz; m[ º
m#s#f[ v[ kdKil s8t; fy;, g[ds[ uz;a;. kdlgdL d#7l
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m#s# uz;a;f[ kdKil u6tl fy;. t[v# dlftl yli à s[,
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k59li úi à (poverty trap). vl56l kdlgdL v[j; 36;
kdKilv# Ã g[f[ m#s# kdKil u6tl g fy; vf[ t[y; t[fl
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j+:‡ sc[jli. g[d xlcd+u z[t;dL 5#tlf]= d¾dly]= k=tl9; n/
v[j]= dlf[ Ã s[, t#olf vljt]= g fy; t[d d#7l elufl m#s#
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kdlgdL s#/ kdKIll fy;. kdlgf; k]blslz; vf[ 5‹u:t dl7[
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f c# v[cklk îks# v5f; b]n clmt anmf[sl
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:jq[ 5ls; dl:ct; ú[/v[. aw]= v9k&[ f rlm[. jc#zl 57[m
kdlgf]= kj¹16 (survey) sz; gZz; :jut# d[4jj; 59[.
39
vl56; s]m jkt;, kzslz; f#sz;v#dL 5‹dl6, Kjt=Ô
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f;r[ s[7mL s]7]=a# vl:n nz[s 1[Ô[ kdu‹ s#d :jq[ vLs9l ²
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d4[ fc vf[ kdi, x:å, fl6lf# Jii yli.
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kld[ vl56]= z16 szj]= v[ vl56# wlòds vf[ dlfj v:wslz
(human right) 56 Ã. k=i]å zlQ7`k=3 vl56# vl cs dlFi
zlb[ º
elztf]= a=wlz6 56 vl56f[ wlòds Kjlt=çi tyl úf,
dlmfl z16f# v:wslz vl5[ º
d]:Kmd :jz#w; zdbl6#f[ u]gzlt; kdlgf]= sm=s vf[ n}q6
u6; v[f[ n}z szjl vf[ vl56l vlTd z16 dl7[ e[ul d4;
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vl kdKil kdu‹ d]:Kmd kdlgf; c#/ eZr; d]:Kmd jc#zl
57[m#v[ 56 v:m%t zc[jlf[ anm[ vyjl v[ vl56; kdKil
40
fy; v[d dlf; fñrt af; a[k; zc[jlf[ anm[ n}q6f[ n}z
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ásâ k~ 5‹yd, zdbl6#f]= KjZ5 (pattern) kdgjl zdbl6#
:jq[f; 5}z; dl:ct; v[s:Ôt szj; ú[/v[. u]gzlt zlGifl
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y/, úf cl:f s[7m;, :dMst#f[ s[7m]= f]sklf, zdbl6f]=
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vf[ vlTdz16f; i#gfl af; xs[.
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u]gzlt zlGidL /KMlld:jz#w; (Islamophobic) k=Kylv# º
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d]:Kmd:jz#w; vc[jlm#, vojlv#, vi#Ui 7;slv#,
pXs[z6;gfs mbl6# 5‹u7 yli t[f; f¾w zlbj;. s7Âu
zlbjL (media monitoring). ã[qi]å s[ pXs[z6;gfs m[b
5‹u7 yli s[ tzt KjKy, :jj[s; elqldL 5‹:telj mbjl.
d]:Kmd :jz#w; dlfk wzljtl s7lzm[bs# s[ rrl\5Ô;v# :jq[,
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:jïkf;itl (credibility) btd szj;.
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kld[ ñckl e9sljjlfl vlxiy; 5‹u7 sz[ml mbl6 dl7[
41
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s[k sz; Fili dLuj#.
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vc[jlm# n]:filezf; dlfj v:wslzjln; k=Kylv#f[ d#smlil
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útt5lk dl7[ s:d7; f;dj;. ZaZ d]mlslt# m/, o#7l 5l9;,
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dl7[f; i#gfl szj;.
42
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m3]dt;v# vf[ uz;a#, j=:rt#f; kdKIll º s#d; zdbl6#
v=u[ u]gzltfl d]:Kmd#f; tdld gdlt# kly[ vlTdz16f;
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Pel zc[ º ñcklrlzf[ jb#9[ º dlfj v:wslzfl gtf dl7[
d]:Kmd 5;:9t# kly[ zc; s#7l¹dL s[k# m9[ º zlct slil¹dL
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ú[/v[.
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zlctslil¹ szjly; vl kdKIllf]= :fzlsz6 vljx[ fcÂ.
43
¢. vlòys dl4b]=
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s[, jc#zl 57[m# p„d;, dc[ft] vf[ Kjlôi; º d]=a/
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f;r[ d]ga dl:ct; vl5; Ã>
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36l s]x4 vf[ dc[ftsx b[9}t# º t[df; KÔ;v# r54,
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p5zLt u+cp„#u# 56 szt;. vld kdlgdL dc[ft vf[
5:zôdf]= jltljz6 ct]=.
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t5lkjlf; gZz º kdlgdL ú[ vl4k, 5‹dln, a[slz;, dc[ft
juz 5{k# d[4jjlf; j+:‡ n[bli t# t[ n}z sz; i#Ui sld0;,
slduz; k=Ks+:t Pe; yli v[jl 5‹iTf# szjl ú[/v[.
d~mlfl ckf e9s#«j; klc[a[ vl56l kdlgf; vl kdKIllf;
:jxn rrl\ ‘útdc[ft> vlòys 5‹u:tf; rlj;’ áÁ»»¤â
flds 5]:KtsldL sz; Ã vf[ a[slz;. uz;a; :fjlz6 dl7[f#
/KMlld; dlu\ 56 rÂWi# º d~mlfl cn;qf# a#w 7Ls; mb[ Ã
s[>
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ctl.”
44
d~mlfl ckf klc[a[ pnlcz6# kly[ kdúJi]= Ã s[, tj§]mf#
vy\ v[j# fy; s[ dl6k cly5u ú[9;, ôd dc[ft sldslg
sil\ juz v[j]= dlf; a[k; zc[ s[ vMmlc t[f[ z#h; 5c¾rl9;
n[x[. f[s d]:Kmd[ /alntf; kly[ 5#tlfl vf[ s]7]=afl u]gzlf
dl7[ cmlm vl:g:jsl 56 z4jlf; º NQ7Lt Z5[ d~mlfl ckf
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5}Vi]= s[ 5#tlf]= u]gzlf s[j; z;t[ rmlj[ ó t[6[ gjla n;w#
s[, dlz# v[s el/ Ã t[ dlz# îjf:fjl\c rmlj[ º chzt
/kl ávmi:cKkmldâv[ ozdlJi]= s[, tlz# el/ tlzly; jw]
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cs;d m]sdlf[ 5#tlfl 5]Ôf[ j:kIit sz; s[ a[7l, cmlm
sdl6; szjlf]= V#9;x fcÂ, slz6 s[ g[ dl6k dBm}sf#
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dl6kl/ btd y/ úi º 5V; m#s# v[f[ t]RV fgz[ ú[jl
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5z#5îj; yjldL flfd vf]ej[.
ábâ vMmlc[ jc#zl 57[m#f[ b[tgd;ff; f[vdt vl5; º vl56l
j9jlv# ko4 b[9}t# ctl. vlg[ vl56; b[t; kd+• zc; fy;.
vl dl7[ b[t;fl :fQ6Lt#f; kmlc m/ b[t; k]wlz6l vf[ jw]
pT5lnf dl7[ 5‹i#u# sz; xsli. b[t; kly[ 5x]5lmf, dz3l
pV[z ju[z[ vlf]q=:us (ancillary) w=wl :jsklj; xsli.
bltz, g=t]flxs njlv#f; bz;n; vf[ b[t5[nlxfl j[rl6
dl7[ kcslz; d=94;v# Kyl5; t[f# KjRV, 5‹ldl:6s z;t[ jc;j7
rmljli.
45
áuâ elztf]= clmf]= vy\t=Ô :jslkx;m º vl56l kdlgdL 56
dslf#f]= aLwsld d#7[ 5li[ rlm[ º k]ylz, s:9il, %mDaz,
jlizd[f, z=uz#ulf szflzl dl7[ sldf; 36; ts# Pe; y/ º
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tlm;d (technical training) f; JijKyl szj;. clm jc#zl
57[m k=rl:mt 7[s:fsm tlm;d; k=Kylv# Ã, t[f]= k=smf sz;
s#df; gZ:zilt# d]gaf; v[s s[:F«i Jiljkl:is tlm;df;
k=Kyl Pe; sz; xsli.
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klc[a#f; dlu\nx\s s:d7; zr; hslt p3zljjl tyl jc¿r6;f;
k]vli#:gt JijKyl u#8j; xsli.
s#dfl s[:F«i slil\midL hslt gdl yli. vl slil\midL
s#dfL :jwjl, vfly, v5=u, gZztd=n# :jq[ v[s:Ôt sz[m
dl:ct; c#i. hslt o=9dLy; t[dfl :fjl\c dl7[ dnn
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n]slf#dLy; vflg, s59L vf[ îjf gZ:ziltf; r;ú[ bz;n[
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yli t[ gZztd=n# dl7[ g jl5z; xsli.
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fl6L vl5; Jijkli v=u[ dlu\nx\f 56 vl5; xsli. vl z;t[
dl6k# dc[ft ãlzl cmlm sdl/ sz; 5uez ytl úi t#
hslt m[flzlv#f; k=Bil 37t; úi.
46
hsltfl s[:F«i e=9#4 (central fund) dLy; nz[s n;f;
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k=Bil vdil\n f y/ úi t[fl 5z Wilf zlbjldL vlj[.
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yt# c#i t[f; 56 art y/ úi.
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m#f vl5; xsli. vl úfjz# s]zalf; dl7[ t[df; 5lk[y;
bz;nli. clm s]zalf;fL rld9L d:Kgn, d«klv# m[ Ã vf[ t[
blfu; j[5lz;v#f[ j[r; n[ º vlf[ anm[ :gMml s1lv[ rd\
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kdlgdL e}tsl4dL kcslz; d=94;v# Ky5li[m;. 5V;
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a=w yi[m;. jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL s]x4, b=t;ml, alc#x,
5‹ldl:6s, r#Bbl dl6k# ãlzl kcslz; 5‹j+:‡f[ 5]fî\:jt
(revive) sz; xsli.
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d4[ º Ji:åut z;t[ kulk=a=w; tzoy; g[df[ vlj; kcli
d4t; c#i t[d6[ v[ zsd blwlb#zls; s[ vlf=n5‹d#ndL jl5z;
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vlj; kcli dl6k#f[ a[8l9] aflj; n[ t# v[fly; mLa[ ul4[
47
s#/ olin# fy;. j4;, 5zn[xf; kcli TiL jk[ml vl56l
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elzt kly[f# flt# :x:ym yt# úi vf[ vl KÔ#t k]sl/ úi
v[j]= af[.
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:jslksld#f# vu‹tlSd (priority) f§; szj# ú[/v[. g[ sld#
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t[j# i#Ui p5i#u f yi#. vlg[ 56 v[ fl6lf# pT5lnf
p5i#u szjlf[ anm[ áÁâ vlm;xlf dslf# afljjL áªâ v[x
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t# vslz6 vL7lo[zl. vl awlf[ m/ îjf x{m; áblk t# i]jl
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sxl sld juz d#7z al/s 5z ozj]=, d¾3lnl7 d#al/m o#ff#
a[old p5i#u szj#, c#7m#dL bl6;5;6; vf[ gMkl szjl
g[j; alat# kldlFi af; u/.
48
jtfdL f#sz;v#f# velj tyl :jn[xy; vljtl m#s#f;
zc[6; sz6;y; vlsql\/f[ 5zn[x gjlf; 3[mVl jw;. v[jL
k5fL k[j[ t[dL sx]= b#7]= fy;. 56 5zn[x g/f[ g[ sld
szjlf]= c#i t[ dl7[ k=5}6\ kGg y/f[ gjlf# kn=tz velj º
g[f[ m/ 5zn[x 5c¾r; smlsfl ª y; ƒ 5lpF9 s[ d:cflfl
Áª¼¼ zÇF9dL f#sz; sz;f[ 0kz9# szjlf# jlz# vlj[ º
5#/F7 :kK7dy; s[f[9l, i].s[., v#K7`[:mil s[ Fi}h;m[F9 g[jl
n[x#dL 5c¾rjlf; mlislt b}a g v#Vl i]jlf# 5‹l%t sz; xs[
º
a[slz i]jlf# s]V=n tyl Jikf#fl e#u af[ º w}d‹5lf klj
kldlFi. s[7mls uld#dL fx;ml 5nlyl¹ á9`Uhâ, nlZ, g]ulz,
u}7bl ju[z[f; m7 a[slz i]jlf#dL :njk[ :njk[ jwjl dL9; º
v[ p5zLt s59L vf[ vFi o[xf 5lV4 br\, d#al/m o#f,
:oMd, 5l7Év#f# S[h i]jlf# i]jt;v#dL jwjl dL9i# º
¤. n;f; t;m;d
vl56; s#dfl pmdlv[ :szld[ vl56l kdlgdL n;f;
tlm;df; 5‹x=kf;i JijKyl Pe; sz; º klz; v[j; k=BildL
d«kl-dsta# vf[ nlZm pm}d# º vl dl4blf[ jw] sli\1d
afljjl s#dfl cdnnl¹ tzoy; vdf[ s[7mLs :nxlk}rf# 5‹l%t
yiL à g[ vc rrl\:jrlz6l dl7[ 5‹Kt]t º vl dlÔ d=tJi#
vf[ k}rf# º /Kmld; N:Q7s#6 vf[ s#df; n;fn]:filf;
eml/f[ m1dL zlb; vl d=tJi# alat vlbz; :f6\i t#
pmdlv[ :szld g sz; xs[.
ásâ d«[kl
n;f; tlm;dfl dl4blfl 5lildL uld[uld, 8[s8[sl6[ al4s#
dl7[ rlmtl d«kl º clmdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL vljl
d«klv# s[7ml, v[dL 50tL al4s#f; k=Bil, d]nòzk#f; k=Bil,
t[dfl 5ulz, dslf ju[z[f; k]:jwl, vljs-br\ tyl tlm;df;
u]6j‡l (quality) v=u[ kj¹16 sz; dl:ct; v[s:Ôt szj;.
49
d«kl tlm;df[ jw] vkzslzs afljjl dl7[ g[ k}rf# d$iL t[
f;r[ d]ga Ã>
áÁâ jc#zl 57[m kdlgfl awl d«klv#dL nlZm pm}d[ t{ilz sz[m
s#q\-vEilkSd c#i. vl vEilkSd al4s#fl jig}y 5‹dl6[
S:ds (graded) c#i. jlòqs 5z;1l 56 nlZm pm}d[ f§;
sz[m w#z6# (standard) vf]klz m[jli. v[s kzb#
vEilkSd vf[ 5z;1lv# c#i t# awl d«klv#dL v[s kzb;
tlm;d d4[ vf[ u]6j‡l g4jli.
áªâ nlZm pm}d d]nòzk#f; tlm;d (training) dl7[ vEilkSd
rmlj[. vlj; tlm;d d]nòzk tz;s[ :fd6}=s vulp (pre-
service) vyjl ² vf[ d]nòzk tz;s[f; f#sz; nz:dilf (in-
service) u#8j; xsli.
nz[s d«kldL vlj; tlm;d 5ld[m d]nòzk# c#i.
áƒâ d«klfl vEilkSddL 5lilf; n;f; tlm;d kly[ :jqi tz;s[
vza; x;bjli. ú[ vza;f]= :x16 5•:tkz v5li t# pn}\
:jqif; gZz zc[ fcÂ. /Kmldf]= 5lilf]= :x16 vza; vf[
u]gzlt; ãlzl vl5; xsli.
vza; x;bjjl dl7[ i#Ui 5l8i5]Kts vf[ x;bjjlf; i#Ui
5•:t c#i t# al456dL al4s klt jq\f; d«kl tlm;d
nz:dilf vza;f]= kl½= v[j]= 2lf d[4j; xs[.
á¢â nlZm pm}ddL g/ /Kmldf]= pRr :x16 d[4jflz al4s#f;
k=Bil Kjlel:js z;t[ dil\:nt c#i, v[7m[ vlxz[ »¥Þ
al4s# t# n;ff; 5lilf; tlm;d d«klv#dL 5‹l%t sz[ º vl
N:Q7v[ d«klv# kdlg dl7[ vTi=t dcTjfl º d«klf;
kuj9#, k=rlmf, tlm;d, jltljz6, u]6j‡l ktt :jsktL
zc[ v[jl 5‹ilk# yjl ú[/v[.
50
ábâ nlZm pm}d
vl56l kdlgdL a]h]ul¹f; :osz vf[ dc[ft#y; nlZm pm}d#
Ky5lil Ã, vf[ n;ff; pRr tlm;d vl5[ º n;sz;v# dl7[ 56
vmu nlZm pm}d# º nlZm pm}d#dL n;f; tlm;dfl
vEilkSdf]= vli#gf t# pmdlv[ :szld sz[ v[ z;t[ rlm[ g
º vdf[ g[ k}rf# d$iL Ã t[ dlÔ JijclZ alat#f[ mutL º
nlZm pm}d#fl k=rlms# vl d=tJi# :jq[ :jrlz; v[dL vl56l
kdlgf; n;f;-n]Fij; eml/ Ã v[d mlu[ t# v5flj; xs[.
d=tJi# zg} szflzf# c[t] kdlgdL nlZm pm}d#f# 5‹elj
(impact) jw[ vf[ v[ jw] vkzslzs (effective) yli v[j#
º
eZr; jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt awl nlZm pm}d#f]= v[s k=u8f
af[. nlZm pm}d#fl 5‹:t:f:wv#f; s:d7; zrli g[ f;r[
g6lj[m 5‹j+:‡v# sz; xs[>
áÁâ s#/ 56 nlZm pm}df[ kzslz; sf9ut, vkldl:gs tTj#
tzoy; s[ vFi z;t[ c[zlfu:t c#i t# v[f; rrl\ vf[ kld}:cs
5‹:tslz.
áªâ fl6ls;i s[ vFi kdKIll c#i t[dL kci#u.
áƒâ nlZm pm}dfl k=rlmff; u]6j‡l jwlzjl s#/ 5•:t
v5flj; c#i vf[ kl½= 5:z6ld vlJi]= c#i t# t[f; (good
practicef;) rrl\ vf[ vf]ej#f; vl5-m[.
á¢â nlZm pm}d#dL n;f; tlm;df[ mut; 5‹j+:‡v# dl7[ pKtln#
vf[ tlm;a[ /Mdf; 5zK5z d]mlslt# vf[ vlnlf5‹nlf
(exchange).
áuâ a;g]= d=tJi nlZm pm}d#fl vlòys dl4bl v=u[f]= º nlZm
pm}d#dL 50flzl al4s# clm v[df; gZ:ziltf; r;ú[ -
51
flXt#, kla], 7]y5[K7, c[zv#/m, v‡z, 7]jlm, s59L ju[z[
aúzdLy; bz;n[ º nlZm pm}d# e[uL d4; flf[ 5li[ gZz;
r;ú[fl pT5lnf vf[ j[rl6f; s[:F«i JijKyl u#8j; xs[,
g[ds[ aÇsz;, flf; n}wf; 9[z;, kla]f; o[s7z;, s59L k;jjlf]=
slzblf]=, awl nlZm pm}d#fl cúz# :j„lyÉv#f]= kj¹16 sz;
t[ r;ú[ gyla=w bz;n; :j„lyÉv#f[ V}7s 5}z; 5l9; xsli vf[
xsi c#i TiL pT5lnf sz; xsli.
nz[s :j„lyÉ hEel, m¿3l, 7#5; dl7[ aúzdL g/ s#/s
n]slf[y; sl59 bz;n[, 5V; s#/s 7[mz 5lk[ g/ k;j9lj[ t[fl
anm[ nlZm pm}df; g uld¹F7±k o[s7z; c#i t# kKt]= 59[,
k]ud 59[.
nlZm pm}d#fL zk#9l= dl7[ vflg, xlselî Pul9jlf;
JijKYll 56 u#8j; xsli. vl dl7[ b[9}t#, rlsz# zlb; sld
szlj; xsli. u#Xtf; gZ:zilt 5}z; szjl 0#zpV[z vf[
stmblflf; JijKyl sz; xsli. t[m dl7[ flf; v#/m :dm
xZ sz; xsli.
vl awL sld# dl7[ g[ t[ 1[Ôfl vf]ej; dl6k#f[ j[tf vl5;
z#sjldL vlj[. vl k}rff]= tlT5i\ v[ g s[ nlZm pm}d#f; g[
bz;nx:å (purchasing power) Ã t[f# fo# vf[ mle
nlZm pm}d#f[ g d4[ vf[ nlZm pm}d# Kj:fe\z vf[
Kjljm=a; (self-reliant) af[.
pT%llnf-j[rl6f; vl JijKYll nz[s nlZm pm}ddL Pe;
szjlf; gZz fy;. s#/ v[s 8[sl6[ vlj; s[:F«i JijKYll Pe;
yli vf[ TiLy; awl nlZm pm}d#f; gZ:zilt# 5}z; yli.
pT5lnf-bz;n-j[rl6f; vl 5‹j+:‡ pKtln# vf[ tlm;a[
/Mdfl n;f; tlm;dfl slddL :j1[5 f 5l9[. nlZm pm}dfl
jc;j7stl\ w;z[ w;z[, Sdx> vl JijKYll u#8j[ vf[ nz[s 1[Ô
dl7[ g[ t[ 1[Ôfl :fQ6Lt, vf]ej; dÇf[gz#, sd\rlz;v# f;d[.
52
vl d=tJi jLr; v[j# 5‹Ä yli s[, nlZm pm}df[ n]slf aflj;
n[j;³ bz;n j[rl6f;, j[5lzf; gUil aflj; n[j;³ nlZm pm}d
n]slf f af[ 56 nlZm pm}dfl f[ú c[84 cmlm w=wlnlz;f;
k]:jwl Pe; yli t# t[ n;ff]= v[s sld g º ‘út dc[ft>
vlòys 5‹u:tf; rlj;’ :stladL d~mlfl ckf e9s#«j;
klc[a j[5lz :jq[ d]cDdn ákMmMmlc] vmi:c jkMmdâf]=
ozdlf 7Ls[ Ã s[, “/zxln ozdlJi# s[ k#nluz; s[ j[5lz sz#,
slz6 s[ z#h;fl nk elu Ã, g[ 5{s; fj elu oå j[5lzdL
Ô.
vMmlcf[ d=g}z c#i t#, xsi à s[ KjlyÉ d}9;jlnfl vl i]udL
nlZm pm}d# cmlm pT5lnf vf[ j[5lzfl h:zic af[ vf[
n[xf]= vy\slz6, pT5lnf1[Ô - aúz x#qs#, folb#z#,
szr#z#, sl4laú:zilv#, k=u‹cb#z#, e[4k[:4ilv#f;
r]=ulmdLy; d]å yli. vl s=/ flf]= sld f sc[jliÚ
á3â Ô;g]= k}rf nlZm pm}dfl sli\1[Ô (role) :jq[f]= º n;f;
tlm;ddL nlZm pm}df]= Kylf i}:fjòk7; g[j]= u6li. pRr n;f;
tlm;d vl5jlf]= dcTjf]= sld t# nlZm pm}d sz[ g º vl
p5zLt k[jl :jKtz6fl f;r[ g6lj[m slil¹ 56 y/ xs[>
áÁâ d«kl-dsta# dl7[ vEilkSd# 39jl. vEilkSd vlwl:zt
:stla#-5l8i5]Kts# t{ilz szjL. vl p5zLt al4s# zk5}j\s
vsl/n tyl /alnt :jq[ x;b[ t[ dl7[ rl7\, 5#K7z# vf[ vFi
x{1:6s klwf# (teaching aids) t{ilz sz; d«klv#f[
vl5jL.
áªâ d«klf; tlm;df]= :fz;16 sz; u]6j‡l jw[ t[ dl7[ dlu\nx\f
vl5j]=.
áƒâ d«klv#f; 5z;1lf]= dl4b]= u#8jj]=. awl d«klv#dL v[s
kzb; tlm;d vf[ 5z;16 c#i t[j]= vli#gf szj]=.
53
á¢â d]nòzk#f; f#sz; vulpf; tlm;df# s#q\ rmljj# vf[ t[f]=
kò7:os[7 vl5j]=. vldL d]nòzkf; sldu;z;, ju\dL x;bjjlf;
5•:tv#, al4s# kly[ Jijclz ju[z[f# kdlj[x yli.
áÓâ n;f; tlm;d vlb[ztf; t{ilz; dl7[ t# Ã g, vf[ v[f; oh;mt
56 Ã g. 5zFt], tlm;a[ /Md nlZm pm}ddLy; ol:zu yli t[
5V; k=klz; îjf îjjlf]= º îjf:fjl\c dl7[ awlf[ /dld
s[ d]nòzkf; gUilv# f 56 d4[. vc dLu (demand) vf[
5}zj8l (supply)f# :fid mlu] 59[. t[y; tlm;a[ /Mdf[
cmlmf; vlî:jsl z4jl dl7[ i#Ui w=wl s[ p„#u s[ slz:snÉ
dl7[ tlm;d vl5j; 59[.
v[ g z;t[ vlm;dl aft; n;sz; s#q\ 5}z# sz; u+:c6; afx[.
v[ z#m azlaz vnl sz; xs[ t[ dl7[ al4 k=el4 (child
care), 3zf; vljs-újs (home economics), s]7]=af;
vljsdL 7[s# yli t[ dl7[ s#/ u+cp„#u, cKt p„#u
(handycraft)f; tlm;d gZz; º
7}=sdL, nlZm pm}ddL klt vl8-jq\ zc[flz tlm;a[ /Mdfl
50l/ 5V;fl k=klz; îjf :jq[ :jrlz; 5‹Ti[s tlm;a[ /Md
v[s kl½=, Kjdlfe[z, Kjlôi; îjf îj[ v[ dl7[ vl56[ v[f[
s[j; z;t[ t{ilz sz; xs;v[ t[ alat u=e;ztly; vli#gf szj]=
ú[/v[. vulp a]h]ul¹v[ n;f; tlm;df; kly[ a]s al/F9Âu,
3:9il4 z;5[zÂu, 7#5;v# afljj;-w#j; v[j; slz;uz;f;
tlm;d zlb[m;. vlgfl i]udL vlj; dLu# blk zc; fy;, vf[
fjl p„#u#f; tlm;d gZz; af; º 56 d}4 d]N# t# v[ g s[,
n;f; tlm;df; kly[ îjf:fjl\c vf[ vlî:jsl dl7[f; tlm;d
56 d4[ t# nlZm pm}df]= :x16 jw] kdt#m af[.
á¤â cl/ Ks}m, s#m[gdL e6tl i]js# dl7[ j[s[xf nz:dilf n;f;
tlm;dfl jul¹ nlZm pm}ddL rmljli. vlfly; d«kl
tlm;ddL srlx zc; c#i t[ k]wz[ (remedial teaching),
54
i]js# jw] n;f; /Md d[4j[ vf[ nlZm pm}dfl dlc#mf; vkz
h;m[.
á‰â n;f; alat#dL otljl :jelu ãlzl nlZm pm}d kdlgf[
dlu\nx\f vl5[ g º vl p5zLt m#s#fl :dMst v=u[fl s[
a;ú s~7]=:as h39l c#i vf[ t[v# /RV[ t# n;f; z;t[ kdlwlf
dl7[ nlZm pm}ddL vlj; xs[. nlZm pm}d s#7\f]= sld sz[ Ã
v[d fcÂ< 56 aFf[ 51#f[ kLe4; nlZm pm}d dWiKy;
(mediator) af[ vf[ n;f; c]sd# 5‹dl6[ kdlwlff; i#gfl
(formula) vl5[. aFf[ 51# vl Kj;slz[ t# s#7\fl b#7l vf[
d#7l br\ tyl w§l vf[ c[zlfu:tdLy; ar; úi.
‰. :ozslalî>
vl56l kdlgf; kdKilv# :jq[fl g[ d=tJi# vdf[ 5‹l%t yiL
t[dL d#7l elufl :x:1t el/v#v[ :osl\alî vf[ n;f;
/:Btmlo tyl dtdtLtzf[ u=e;z kdKil u6lj; º
Á»Ó¼fl ul4ldL vl kdKil Pe; y/ vf[ p‡z#‡z jszt;
u/ º xZvltdl a[ :osl\ vf[ kdi gtL :osl\dL 56 5[7l
:osl\ v[d kdlg flfl flfl g}y#dL jc¿rlt# úi º
eZr; jc#zl 57[m#v[ vljl e[nelj# tyl fozt vf[ j[zh[z
xl dl7[ o[mli à t[fL slz6#f; P=9; t5lk szj; ú[/v[, vf[
5#tlfl v=ut Kjly\ bltz s#dfl 7}s9l szflz vf[ ã[q
o[mljflz tTj#f[ v#4b; úslz# vl5j# ú[/v[.
n;f; alat[ vmu N:Q7ñan] c#i t# 56 kldl:gs alat#dL
k=5, k]d[4y; jt\j]= ú[/v[. jt\dlf i]udL vl56; s#d
vk=Bi kdKilv#f# kldf# sz; zc; º t[dL vl56[ 5#t[
v[sa;ú dl7[ kdKIllZ5 afjlf[ anm[ kly[ d4; kdlgf]=
kx:åsz6 (empowerment) szj]= ú[/v[.
55
:osl\alîf[ slz6[ s]7]=a# jRr[ vf[ silz[s v[s g s]7]=afl kEi#
jRr[ v=tz jwt]= úi Ã, vf[ kdlgdL foztf]= jltljz6
o[mli º vl v=u[ j[4lkz u=e;ztly; vf[ /Bmlk5}j\s
:jrlzjldL fc vlj[ t# jc#zl 57[m#f]= kldl:gs dl4b]=
:VFf:eFf yjlf# 9z º
¥. n]Fij; :x16
kdlgfl :jslk vf[ kd+:• dl7[ n]Fij; :x16 gZz; º s[7m;s
:j„lv# kdlgf; 5‹u:t dl7[ v:fjli\ º vlj; :j„l 5‹l%t
szjlf; gZ:zilt :jq[ /dld uhlm; ázcâ /c±il pm}d-/n±-
:nf :stladL sc[ Ã s[>
“g[ :j2lf# (sciences) n]:fildL 5‹u:t dl7[ gZz; Ã t[df]=
2lf 5‹x=kf;i Ã, g[ds[ v~qwxlKÔ (medicine),
u:6txlKÔ ju[z[. vl :j2lf# x;bjlf]= s#d dl7[ ‘oh¹
:solic’ º v[ g z;t[ b[t;, JijKyl5f (administration),
p„#u#, aulit (horticulture) ju[z[ kly[ k=s4li[m; :j„lv#
x;bjlf]= ‘oh¹ :solic’ º ú[ kdlgdL v[s 56 dl6k vl
:j„lv# f x;b[ t# vlb# kdlg u]f[ulz º”
jc#zl 57[m kdlgfL al4s#fl :x16 v=u[ f;r[ g6lj[m
k}rf# 5‹l%t yiL Ã>
áÁâ :gMml s1lv[ vlbl kdlg dl7[ ‘x{1:6s vf[ Jiljkl:is
dlu\nx\f s[F«’ Kyl5jlf; gZz º vl s[F« kdlgdL 5‹ly:ds,
dlWi:ds, pRr :x16 :jq[f; dl:ct; v[s:Ôt sz[. kdlgdL
:x16f]= 5‹dl6 s[7ml 7sl, :x16 5}½= sil\ juz xl4l V#9;
gflz al4s#f; k=Bil (drop-out rate), vl56l al4s#
e6tL c#i t[ xl4lv#dL :x16f; u]6j‡l ju[z[.
vl s[F« :jKtz6 k[jl (extension service) ãlzl vl56;
xl4lv#dL g/ x{1:6s vf[ vlu4 vEilkfl s#q\ -
k=Kylv# tyl slz:snÉ v=u[ dl:ct;-dlu\nx\f vl5[.
56
s[F« jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; x{1:6s alat#f]= k=smf sz[.
áªâ jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt 5‹ly:ds ² dlWi:ds ² pRrtz dlWi:ds
xl4lv#f]= k=u8f af[. xl4lv# v[sd[sf; kdKilv# cm
szjldL kcliZ5 yli, v[sa;úf; klz;, vkzslzs sli\ ²
:x16 ² jc;j7; 5•:tv# (good practices) f; vl5-m[ sz[,
e[ul d4; xl4l k]wlz6l i#gfl (school improvement)
aflj; vdm sz[.
áƒâ clm vl56l kdlg 5lk[ pRr :x16f; k=Kylv# fy;.
rrl\:jrlz6l ãlzl w;z[ w;z[ v[ :nxldL 5‹u:t sz; xsli.
nz:dilf p5z g[ s[F«f# pMm[b yi# t[ n[xezf; vf[
5zn[xf; 56 pRr :x16f; k=Kylv# :jq[ :j„lyÉv#f[
dl:ct; vl5[. klz; k=Kylv# kly[ k=5s\ zlb; vl56l
:j„lyÉv# dl7[ 5‹j[x vf[ vFi k]:jwlv# d[4j; vl5[.
vÇr.v[k.k;.dL kl½= 5:z6ld d[4jflz t[gKj; :j„lyÉv#
dl7[ :xQij+:‡v#f# 5‹a=w c#i. vl56l kdlgfl pRr :x16
5‹l%t sz[m tg2# (professionals) s[7ml à vf[ s[7mlf;
gZz à v[f]= kj¹16 sz; vli#gf yli.
á¢â s#m[g-i}:fjòk7;dL g/ pRr :x16 f d[4j; xs[ v[jL i]js
i]jt;v# dl7[ 7[s:fsm tlm;d dl7[f; v[s kD5}6\ k]:jwljl4;
k=Kyl Pe; szj;. clm g[ V}7; Vjl/ k=Kylv# Jiljkl:is
tlm;dfl jul¹ rmlj[ Ã, t[f]= v[s:Ôsz6 sz; v[s d#7; k=Kyl
aflj; xsli.
áÓâ kdlgfL al4s#f; x{1:6s 5‹u:tf# vlwlz t[ kdlgdL
:k:•5‹l:%tfl jltljz6 (achievement culture) p5z Ã.
vlk5lkfl kdlgf]= jltljz6 v[j]= c#i s[, al4sf[ dc[ft
sz;, P=r] m!i zlb; t[f[ 5‹l%t szjlf# t[fldL pTklc úu[.
vl56l al4s#dL vlTdu~zj (self-esteem) vf[
57
vlTd:jïlk (self-confidence) v#VL ytL úi º :dñ7u#,
rrl\v#, jstJi# ãlzl kdlgdL :k:•5‹[z6lf]= jltljz6 Pe]=
sz; xsli.
». KjlKYi k[jl
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58
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59
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60
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61
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62
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Wilkinson’s Sanatorium
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j[zlu; 56 Á»Ó¥dL vc Kyli; yi[ml. t[ 5V; Á»Ó»dL 5:zi[gfl
jm; pdz d]Fx;, 7=slz;vlfl dKtlf a=umljlml vf[ 5u]y6fl
dcDdn slzs]f vlJil. Á»¤¼dL vc jkflz el/v#dL 7=slz;vlfl
vcdn jm; j#zlî tyl v{i]a vcdn sz;d, h=3lzfl dcDdn vm;
k]m[dlf, szdl9fl dcDdn d;zljlml po¹ xzovm; tyl /a‹lc;d
vlnd el/m#s, df]azfl /a‹lc;d aln;f, vAn]Mmlc vf[ /a‹lc;d
v#:wil d]Fx; d]Bi ctl. sl4Sd[ jKt; jwt; u/ vf[ clm 9;59[m
:jKtlzdL ac]dt; jKt; eZr; jc#zl 57[m#f; º
Jijkli>
xZvltdL vljflz jklct;v# :dm#, o[s7z;v#dL sld sztl ctl.
t[ 5V; 5#tlfl w=wl xZ sil\. dl7m;jlml a‹wk¹ uld¹F7±kf;
o[s7z;v# sz;. jclm]fl gfla vAn]muo]z jlhlv[ 56 uld¹F7±k vf[
5#M7`;fl w=wldL 5‹u:t sz;. szdl9f; el/m#s o[:dm;v[ 5‹#57É
9[jm5d[F7fl 1[Ô[ :jslk klWi#. s=a#m;fl pKdlfel/ kl:mil vf[
t[dfl 5]Ô# 56 m¾F9`; p5zLt 5‹#57Éf; m[-j[r vf[ ?D5#7\-
v[!5#7\f# w=w# sz[ º v[ :kjli 5‹[K7ffl jc#zl 57[m# u‹#kz; vf[
Fi}h v[gF7±kf; n]slf#fl dl:ms aFil. s[7mls 7[1;fl JijklidL
59il.
i]jl 5[0;v[ pRr :x16 5‹l%t si]|, v[f[ 5:z6ld[ clm 5‹[K7ffl jc#zl
57[m kdlgdL 56 s[7mls 9lÇs7z, k#:m:k7z, old\:kK7, 9[F7;K7,
v#%7;Xif vf[ v[slpF7F7 º fa;5]zfl cf;o d#cDdn jl9;jlmlf;
Mohammed & Co, jz[:9ilfl pdzîel/ alazfl n;szlf;
103
Barber & Co vf[ szdl9fl el/m#s s]7]=af; Bhailok Fielding
v[ jc#zl 57[m#f; ú6;t; js;m#f; 5[0;v# (Solicitors Firms) º
k=Kylv#>
5‹[K7fdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt vlxz[ ‰ g[7m; d:Kgn# tyl
d«klv# º ƒ s#Di]:f7; k[F7z# º
vcÂf; d:Kgn[ zhl 5lily; r6;f[ a=wli[m; 5[‹K7ff; k~ 5‹yd
a]:filn; d:Kgn º úd;vl d:Kgn vf[ s]Jjt]m /Kmld d:Kgn
vcÂf; a[ g}fldL g}f; d:Kgn# º dKîn[ f}z vf[ :jxl4 f}z c#mf]=
k=rlmf jc#zl 57[m#f; u]gzlt k]Ff; d]:Kmd k#kli7; sz[ Ã, g[fl
5‹d]b fa;5]zfl d]alzs vlnd 3=7;jlml tyl dlfn gfzm k[S[7z;
7=slz;vlfl /Kdl/m dc=dn b=9] ád;f; clo[îâ º vl :kjli o]mj]9
:jKtlzdL f}zlf; v[Gi]s[xf k[F7zf]= k=rlmf 56 jc#zl 57[m cKts
à g[fl 5‹d]b 5:zi[gfl /Kdl/m jm; ckf áeutâ º vl :kjli
d#cN;q[ vlhd :dxf cKts “dnf; k[F7z”f]= k=rlmf 56 jc#zl
57[m# sz[ º vf[s:jw 5‹j+:‡v#y; wdwdt]= vl k[F7z 9;59[m z#9
5z vlj[m]= º
5‹[K7ffl eZr; jc#zl el/v#v[ 56 5‹[K7f d]:Kmd uMk\
cl/Ks}mf; Kyl5fl sz; Ã, g[ clm cl/Ks}m p5zLt :k!y o#d\ s#m[g
56 º
v[ p5zLt ‘w u]gzlt d]:Kmd j[Mo[z k#kli7;’ 56 v:KtTjdL Ã g[
vjlzfjlz kl:c:Tis vf[ kldl:gs sli\Sd# i#g[ º jLtzkl-s#8;fl
gfla /a‹lc;d d[Daz vl k=Kylfl dlfn k[S[7z; Ã vf[ k=Kylfl
pTklc; 5‹d]b gfla dcDdnel/ vd;zt kly[ d4;f[ k=Kylf[
u:tdlf zlb[ º
úc[z îjf>
5‹[K7f slp:FkmdL jc#zl 57[m# k:Si elu m[ º d}4 /bzfl
jm;el/ 57[m m[Fs[xliz slpF7; slp:Fkmfl j9l ctl. fa;5]zfl
vcdn k/n 57[m K7[7 a[Fs vlÇo /:F9ilfl dÇf[gz ctl. i]k]o
104
el/m#s 56 úc[z îjfdL vu‹Kylf[ º ‘5‹#57É 9[jm5z’ vf[
‘:dMif[vz :ahf[kd[f’ tz;s[ v#4bli º ªÓ jq\f# s#Di]:f7;
js\f# vf]ej wzlj[ Ã. :x16dL blk zk m[ º t[v# d]:Kmd
slp:Fkm vlÇo :a‹7ffl gfzm k[S[7z; 56 zc; r}sil º d]kl clî
kLkz#njlml kldl:gs sli\sz à vf[ ‘eZr d]:Kmd d[:9sm vÇF9
j[Mo[z 7`K7, i].s[.’fl p5-5‹d]b º
kl:cTi>
:a‹7ffl u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTif# vlz=e 5‹[K7fy; yi# u6li.
Á»‰¼dL vl mbflzfl :fjlkKylf[ ‘u]gzlt;
kl:cTi d=94’f; Kyl5fl yi[m;. Á»‰ƒdL gd\f;y;
x[blnd vla]jlml :a‹7ffl 5‹jlk[ vlJil Tilz[ v[df;
5‹[z6l vf[ k}rfy; vl d=94f]= ‘u]gzlt; zl/7k\
:uM9, i].s[.’dL Z5Ltz yi]=.
vl mbflz[ ásnd 7=slzj;â ‘:uM9’fl dlfn k[S[7z;
tz;s[ 8[8 ª¼¼¢ k]w; :fQ8l5}j\s k[jl aúj; ct;.
Kyl5fl sl4y; vl k=Kyl
u]gzlt; kl:cTi 1[Ô[ k:Si
º vlg5i|t v[fl p5Sd[
:a‹7fdL vlxz[ 5=r#t[z
g[7ml u]gzlt; d]xlizlv#
tyl kl:c:Tis sli\Sd#
i#úil º
vnd 7=slzj;fl xAn#dL “Á»¤ÁdL :a‹7f :Kyt yil Tilzy;
vlg5i|t u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTif[ îj=t zlbjl snd 7=slzj;v[ g[
v:jzt 5]½qly\ sil¹ Ã t[f[ c]= :aznlj]= V]=. snd 7=slzj;fl fld#Mm[b
105
:jfl :a‹7ffl u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTif# /:tclk vlm[bli v[ xsi
fy;. slJi kg\f, fj:msl, s7l1m[b#, 5ÔslzTj, kl:c:Tis k=Kyl,
fj#:nt#f[ dlu\nx\f, slJiu#:Q8, d]xlizl - vl 5‹Ti[s 1[Ô[ sndf]=
5‹nlf f¾w5lÔ º”
sndf; kl:c:Tis vf[ vFi k[jlv#f; snzZ5[ v[df[ 5‹[K7ffl :uM9
d[izfl cKt[ ‘:jï dlfj; 5l:zt#:qs’, 5[‹K7ff; d]:Kmd k#kli7;
tzoy; kFdlf, u]gzlt; zl/7k\ :uM9 vf[ :a‹7v[:xif Fi}h tzoy;
kFdlf tst;v# v5\6 sz; fjlgjldL vlJil º”
v#:5:fif dl:ksfl t=Ô; ô; :j5]m sMil6;fl xAn#dL “:jmlitfl
u]gzlt; kdlgfl v[s vu‹u^i s:j vAn]Mmlc sdlm 57[m ‘snd’fl
tlú uhmk=u‹c# ‘vljz6’ vf[ ‘j[nfl-k=j[nfl’f; m#sl5\6:j:w
Ô;k[s r}f=nl u]gzlt;v# jRr[ ª¢d; g}f ª¼¼ƒfl z#g vl n[xf;
pdzljkel (House of Lords)dL yi#. elql kl:cTif; s#/ 56
r#59;f# vlj# vl 5‹yd5c[m# vf[ v{:tcl:ks vjkz ct#.”
:a‹7ffl ú6;tl m[bs vf[ /:tclk:jn 9l†lel/ :dKÔ;fl dt[,
:a‹7fdL u]gzlt; elql-kl:cTi vf[ u]gzlt;tlfl gtfdL
m[Fs[xlizf]= vluj]= 5‹nlf º 9l†lel/ vcÂfl jc#zl 57[m#f[
‘:a‹7fdL u]gzlt;tlfl 5‹cz;v#’ tz;s[ v#4blj[ º
:a‹7fdL u]gzlt; kld:is 5‹u7 szjl alat[ 56 5‹[K7ffl snd
7=slzj; vu‹6; u6li. t[d6[ Á»‰¼dL “vljlh” kld:is xZ sz[m]=.
Tilz 5V; k[ujlfl ils]a jm;el/ 57[m[ g[v# vTilz[ Prison
Chaplain tz;s[f; k[jl aúj[ Ã t[d6[ “fji]u” fldfl dl:ksf]=
5‹slxf sz[m]= g[fl t=Ô; snd 7=slzj; vf[ kct=Ô; jz[:9ilfl
/:Dtilh 57[m ctl. vl kld:is#dL elql-kl:cTifL pRr w#z6#
g4jli[mL, vf[ :a‹7fdL u]gzlt; elqlf[ îj=t zlbjldL vl
5‹slxf#f# vd}Mi ol4# u6li.
sl4Sd[ fl6l=e;9 vf[ :a‹7ffl u]gzlt; kdlgf; pnlk;ftlf[ slz6[
vl kld:is# a=w yiL.
106
Ó.¥
m[FslK7zdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m#
ala] 3#9;jlml
5‹yd jklct;v#>
m[FslK7zdL eZr; jc#zl 57[m#fl jkjl7f; xZvlt Á»¤ªy; y/.
5u]y6fl clî vm; dlKtz tyl pdzî dlKtz, s=ylz;vlfl vAn]m
ylu;il vf[ ils]a n#ml, df]azfl vAn]Mmlc d]Fx;, kLkz#nfl
/a‹lc;d rLn;il, jm;el/ jclm]jlml, /bzfl i]k]o dlKtz mlml,
nilnzlfl vAn]m dg[ vf[ jm6fl /Kdl/mel/ uz;u5#7;
Á»¤ªdL m[FslK7zdL Kyli; yi[ml. t[ 5V; Á»¤¢dL 7=slz;vlfl d]kl
vcdn b#9l, /Kdl/m vcdn b#9l, v[.i].57[m tyl /a‹lc;d
dlKtz b#9l vlj[ml. clm m[FslK7zdL jc#zl 57[m#fL ‰¼ s]7]=a# º
Jijkli>
m[FslK7zdL vAn]Mmlc d]Fx;f; ‘k]mtlf vlÇo /:F9il’ fld[
vlm;xlf c#7m º nc[uldfl ils]ael/ :dK7z 56 z[K7#zL vf[
dslf#fl dl:ms Ã. vl p5zLt jc#zl 57[m# z[K7#zL vf[ 7[svj[
rmlj[ º Fi}h v[gF7±k vf[ s#f\z x#5# 56 º m[FslK7zdL 36l
jc#zl 57[m# dslf#fl dl:ms# (landlords) Ã, vf[ m[FslK7z
i}:fjòk7;fl :j„lyÉv#f[ el9}vlt tz;s[ zlb; klz; vljs sdli º
a[ i]js# old\:kK7 Ã, vf[ ¢ k#:m:k7z# º ª v[slpF7F7±k º
s[7mls vl/.7;. 1[Ô[ jÇakl/7 :9hl/fÂu ju[z[f]= sld sz[ º
k=Kylv#>
m[FslK7zdL jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt ª d:Kgn# vf[ ª d«kl º vFi
Ky4#f; g[d vc 56 V#sz;v#fl nlZm pm}df; Kyl5fldL jc#zl
57[m#f# ol4# f¾w5lÔ º
jc#zl 57[m#f]= s#/ s#Di]:f7; k[F7z s[ i]jl 5‹j+:‡ s[F« fy;.
107
Ó.»
9i]haz;, j[K7 i#s\xliz
/salm w#z;jlml ß vlndel/ nlj;
5‹yd jklct;v#>
eZr; jc#zl 57[m# vlz=e[ d]BiTj[ m[Fs[xlizfL 5‹[K7f, a#M7f,
AmÇsaf\ g[jL 7lpf#dL jKil. 5z=t] s[7mls i#s\xlizfl 9i]haz;dL
56 Kyli; yil. Á»Ó¤dL d}4 ñcum#7fl /Kdl/mel/ jlwz;jlml
vlj[ml. t[ 5V; Á»Ó‰dL szdl9fl /a‹lc;d nlj;, vAn]mel/
nzjlf, dc]wmlfl dcDdn ugzl, df]azfl pKdlfel/ r;d7l,
5u]y6fl dcDdnel/ slzs]f vf[ kLkz#nfl ckf dlKtz vlj[ml.
ñcum#7fl vcdnel/ d]Fx; tyl vcdnel/ dlKtz Á»Ó»dL
vlJil. Á»¤ÁdL nklffl jm; al5] vf[ kdlg k[js gfla
vlndel/ nlj; vlJil.
Jijkli>
9i]haz;dL jc#zl 57[m#fL vlxz[ ¤¼ g[7mL 5[7`#m K7[xf# º ƒ
el/v# dls¹7Âuf# w=w# sz[ º Á sÇ7zÂufl =wwljl4l m#s# dl7[f;
sÇx vÇF9 s[z; rmlj[ º Á d#7l 5lil 5z xln;v# ju[z[dL
bljl5;jlf]= k%mli sz[ Ã, Á u‹#kz; x#5, ¢ u‹#kz;f; d#al/m
:9:mjz; szflzl, ¢ g[f[ slzu# ád#7L 5lk\m#f;â :9:mjz; sc[ Ã t[,
Á 9[:F7K7, Á v#:%7:xif, ¤ old\:kK7, Á 7`lj[m v[gF7, ƒ 5#Q7
v#:ok#, Ó Kj;7 vf[ Fi}hx;7±k, ¤ d#al/m o#ff; n]slf#, ¢
s59Lf; n]slf#, ª aÇ:zK7z, Á js;m, ƒ î.5;. vf[ ÁÓ %mDaÂu,
5[/F7Âu 9[s#z[7Âu, /m[s:7`sm :oñ7u ju[z[ Kjz#gulz#dL º
k=Kylv#>
9i]haz;fl eZr; jc#zl 57[m#fl 5‹ilk#y; d:Kgn d«klv#f;
Kyl5fl y/ Ã. clm 9i]haz;dL jc#zl 57[m k=rl:mt ¢ d:Kgn#
tyl ¢ d«kl º
108
9i]haz;dL tAm;u; dzsh à g[f]= aLwsld Á»‰¥dL xZ szjldL
vlJi]= ct]=. vl dzsh vTilz[ kdu‹ i]z#5f]= tAm;u; gdltf]=
c[9sjl7\z º v[f; Kyl5fldL eZr; jc#zl 57[m#v[ f¾w5lÔ 5‹nlf
sz[m]=, vf[ vlz=esl4dL slj;fl d~mlfl ils]a slkd; klc[a[
dlu\nx\f 5}½= 5l9[m]=.
n;f; 1[ÔdL d~mlfl ils]a slkd;
klc[af# ol4# 5‹ydy; g f¾w5lÔ z†#
º 5#t[ vf]ej; vf[ vEilk; c#/,
v[dfL vf]ej vf[ vEilk5}6\ mbl6#,
‘Z/it[ :cmlm’ vf[ fdlhfl kdi#f[
mutL k=x#wf# vf[ n;f; ailf#y;
vcÂfl m#s# 36L oihila yil º
vTilz[ d~mlfl ils]a klc[a 5#tlf; /Kml:ds xz/ slp:Fkm
(Islamic Shariah Council) ãlzl vFi /Kml:ds KslÇmz# kly[ d4;
vcÂfl vl56l kdlgdL z#gaz#g jwt; gt; tmlsf; kdKil vf[
kldl:gs îjff[ K5x\tl vFi dkvmlv# v=u[ :a‹7fezfl
d]kmdlf#f; xz/ z;t[ z[caz; sz; k]=nz :bndt v=úd n/ z†l º
úc[z îjf>
9i]haz;fl jc#zl 57[m# Kyl:fs zlgs;i k=Kylv#dL zk m[ º
slp:Fkmf; nz jq¹ i#út; Kyl:fs jlÇ9\f; r}=76;dL vf[ nz 5Lr jq¹
i#út; wlzlkelf; r}=76;dL c¾x[ c¾x[ elu m[ º s[7mls i]jlf#
m[az 51fl t# a;ú s[7mls sFhj¹7;j vf[ :ma-9[d 51#fl pd[njlz
af; r}=76;g=udL h=5mlj[ º clm slp:FkmdL 5u]y6fl vAn]m
dînfl n;szl km;d 57[m sFhj¹7;j 51fl slp:Fkmz º
109
Ó.Á¼
rlÇzm;, slÇj[F7`; vf[ ff;7f
p5z g6lj[ml xc[z# vf[ 7lpf# p5zLt m[Fs[xlizfl rlÇzm;,
:d9m[F9±hfl s#j[F7`; vf[ ff;7f g[jL xc[z# vf[ 7lpf#dL 56
jc#zl 57[m#fL s[7mLs s]7]=a# jk[ º
vl s]7]=a#dL rlÇzm;dL vl56; jc#zl s#dfl d#7l j[5lz; vf[
nlfj;z tyl eZrfl d]Fx; df]azjlml x{1:6s k=s]mfl Kyl5s vf[
jc;j7stl\ v[jl d}4 df]az uldfl clî d#cDdnel/ d]Fx; klc[a
vÇF9 o[:dm; vf[ j#zl kdf;fl clî /a‹lc;del/ klm[c blfklc[a
vÇF9 o[:dm;f# kdlj[x yli º p5zLt vc d~mlfl d[ca]a klc[a
n;f; :bndt#dL 5[x 5[x º
ÓÓ¼ fdlh;v# g[dL v[s;
kly[ fdlh 50; xs[ v[j;
rlzf#s K7`;7 vf[ a}‹s
K7`;7dL vlj[m; vcÂf; rlz
mlb 5lpF9fl br¹ af[m;
a]:filn; d:Kgn ‘nljt]m
/Kmld’fl aLwslddL clî
d#cDdn d]Fx; vf[ o[:dm;fl
dltaz nlf p5zLt jc#zl 57[m#f# d]Bi ol4# z†# º vl d:Kgnf;
pn3l7f:j:w dlr\ ª¼¼¤dL szjldL vlj; ct;.
s#j[F7`;dL 7=slz;vlfl dzc}d nlj}nel/ 5l/ vf[ jlk6#fl c#mk[mz
t[dfl gdl/ vlz;o /Kdl/m 5l/ vu‹Kylf[ º
ff;7fdL dc}\d ils]ael/ vdnljln; vf[ t[dfl n;szlv#,
szdl9fl jm;el/ a# tyl d}4 ñcUm#7 vf[ 5:zi[g uldfL d4; s]m
nk5=nz s]7]=a# vlaln º
110
¤
:a‹7fdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; kdKIllv#
g}f; 5[0;
:a‹7fdL vl56l jkjl7f[ V nlisl g[7m# kdiul4# yi#. vl
nz:dilf kdlgdL s[7m;s kdKilv# Pe; y/ º vldLf; s[7m;s
kdKilv# vl56[ elzty; kLKs+:ts a#ú (cultural baggage)
tz;s[ kly[ m/f[ vlj[ml, sl4Sd[ vl kdKIllv# jsz; vf[ jw]
u=e;z KjZ5 m;w]=.
:a‹7ffl kdlg kly[ vf]s}mftl (adjustment)f; 1dtl vl56[
s[4j; xsil fcÂ, vf[ elztf; dlf:kstl kly[ îjtl z†l. vlf[
slz6[ :a‹7ffl d]Bi5‹jlc k=ne¹ s[7m;s kdKIllv# b9; y/.
vl56; vc gFd; pVz[m; fj; 5[0; kly[ 56 vl56[ v=tz 59;
ui]=. t[df; kly[f# k=5s\ vf[ k=jln (dialogue) v#V# yt# ui#.
5:z6ld[ i]jl5[0;fl 5‹Åf# vl56[ kdî xsil fcÂ.
vl 5]KtsdL kdlj[x szjlfl c[t]y; vd[ s[7mls 5;0 j9;m# kly[
:a‹7fdL vl56; g}f; 5[0;f; d]Bi kdKilv# v=u[ rrl\ sz;. vl
rrl\v#fL tlz6# f;r[ d]ga Ã>
Á. wlòds dte[n#
vl56l kdlgdL :ozsl5zKt; vyl\t jl9la=w; t# :a‹7f
jkjl7 vulp 56 ct; g. 5z=t] vcÂfl jkjl7 nz:dilf
p‡z#‡z vl dte[n# jwtl uil º vlf[ 5:z6ld[ v[sa;ú
5‹Ti[ fozt 5[nl y/ º JijclzdL s9jlx vlj; º s]k=5
jwjly; vl56; k:cilz; (common) kdKilv# v=u[ kly[
d4;, kly[ a[k; rrl\:jrlz6l szjl g[7ml k=a=w# z†l fy;.
s[7mls m#s# n]vl kmldf# jc[jlz 56 zlbtl fy;. vlj;
k=s]:rt :jrlzkz6;f[ m;w[ kdlgf]= dl4b]= :x:ym yi]= º
m#s# v[sd[sy; vt9l zc[ Ã. vulp vl56l kdlgdL g[
111
d[4d[4l5 vf[ mUfk=a=w# ctl t[ v#Vl ytl úi º vlf[
slz6[ V#szl-V#sz;f; xln; dl7[ i#Ui 5lÔ x#wjlf]= d]Xs[m
af[ Ã s[ds[, 5k=nu;f]= 1[Ô k=s]:rt yt]= úi º m#s# 5#tlfl
:ozsldL vf[ cj[ t# v[ :ozslfl 56 5[7l :ozsldL mUfk=a=w
x#wtl-aLwtl yil º i#Ui 5lÔf; 5k=nu;dL g[ d]Xs[m; 59[
à v[fl 5:z6ld[ xsi à s[, mLa[ ul4[ vl56; i]jl 5[0; vFi
d]:Kmd kdlú[ vf[ u[zd]:Kmd kdlú[ kly[ 56 mUfu‹=:yy;
ú[9ljl mlu[. vljl s[7mls aflj# vTilz[ afjlf]= xZ y/ ui]=
º
ª. d:Kgn-d«[klf# jc;j7
vl56[ :a‹7fdL jkjl7 5V; 7}=sl ul4ldL d:Kgn-d«[klf]=
:fdl\6 b=t5}j\s si]|. vf[s 7lpf#dL jc#zl 57[m#fl 5‹iTf#y;
d:Kgn-d«[kl Pel yil, vf[ rlm[ º 5z=t] v[fl jc;j7 vf[
k=rlmf alat[ vf[s kdKilv# Pe; y/ º d:Kgnf;
s:d7;v#dL Kylf d[4jjl dl7[ smc vf[ h39l yli º vl
h39lf[ 5:z6ld[ rÇ:z7; s:dxfdL s[ Fililmi k]w; o:ziln#
yli º vlf# kln# p5li v[ s[, nz[s el/ d:Kgnfl a=wlz6f[
vf]kz[ vf[ dte[n Pe# yli t# h39# szjlf[ anm[ jl7l3l7
vf[ kdlgfl vf]ej; j9;m# vf[ jr\Kj wzljtl pmdlv#fl
kmlck}rf d]ga :fj[9# mlj[. j9;m# vf[ pmdlv#v[ vl dl7[
t{ilz; atljj; ú[/v[.
vl56l vf[s 7lpf#dL slpFk;m vlÇo d#Ks±k (Council of
Mosques) c#i º vl k=Kylv[ d:Kgnfl h39ldL dWiKy; s[
mjln (mediator) tz;s[ 59j]= ú[/v[, vf[ awl 51# kly[
rrl\:jrlz6l sz; kdKIllfl ps[mf; 5‹:SildL kcliZ5 yj]=
ú[/v[.
d:Kgn-d«[klfl k=rlmfdL i]jl5[0;f[ kcelu; aflj; t[df[
w;z[ w;z[ jc;j7f; gjlanlz; k¾5j; ú[/v[.
112
d:Kgn-d«[klf]= k=rlmf /Kmldf; 5‹6lm; d]ga vf[ :a‹7ffl
slinlf[ vlw;f yj]= ú[/v[. KjlKYi-kmldt; (health and
safety) tyl al4 z16 (child protection)fl slinly;
v2lf zc[jlf[ slz6[ vf[s kdKilv# Pe; yli º 36;jlz
d:Kgnfl /dld vf[ d#Mj;-d]nòzk# tyl s:d7;fl kEi# jRr[
blk sz;f[ sli\5•:t :jq[ vk=d:t vf[ dte[n Pe# y/
gtL f#at /dldfl V}7l y/ gjl k]w; s[ s:d7;fl zlîfldl
k]w; 5c¾r[ Ã vf[ 5V; d:Kgn-d«[klf]= t=Ô blkl kdi k]w;
b#zjl/ úi º al4s#f; n;f; tlm;d au9[ º d:KgndL
:njk# k]w; m9l/h39lf]= jltljz6 5‹jt¹ Ã. GiL xL:t vf[
k]s}f d4j]= ú[/v[ TiL vxL:t vf[ vg=5lf]= dlc#m kú\i º
d:Kgn-d«[kl g[j; gUilv# dl7[ vl 36;g :oszf; vf[
n]>bnlis alat sc; xsli. vl v=u[ nz[s[ kdî :jrlz;, v[s
a;úf]= dlf-kFdlf tyl d:Kgn-d«[klf; 5:jÔtl g4jli zc[
v[ z;t[ gjlanlz;5}j\s v[s klrl d]kmdlff[ Vlg[ v[ z;t[
jt\jlf; gZz zc[ º
ƒ. :j£fk=t#q; tTj# vf[ tsklw]v#
kdlgdL s]k=5 5[nl yli à , vf[ foztf]= jltljz6 o[mli Ã
t[fl d}4dL KjlyÉ, 5[7eZ, :j£fk=t#q; vf[ tsklw] tTj# c#i
º v[j; Ji:åv# 5#tlf]= :ct klwjl k=Kyl vf[ kdlgdL
dte[n# Pel sz[ Ã, vf[ 5#tlf; 7#4s; aflj; m#s#f]= x#q6
sz[ º s#/ 56 Ji:åf[ elzt s[ a;ú s#/ n[xy; vc wlòds
sli\Sd# dl7[ :fd=:Ôt sztL 5c[mL v[ :jrlzj]= ú[/v[ s[ vl
Ji:å vl56l Zclf; vf[ kldl:gs :jslkdL s[7m; p5i#u;
yx[³ jlih-ailf#y; Ji:å vf[ kdlgdL s#/ 5:zjt\f
(transformation) f vlj[ vf[ k]wlz6l (reformation) f
yli t# v[ ailf# d~mlfl vAn]Mmlc sl5#«j; sc[ Ã t[d, v[s
5‹slzf; ‘h[cf; v{ilx;’ (intellectual luxury) º
¢. oh]m br\
xln; s[ vFi 5‹k=u#v[ wldw}d vf[ n[bl9# (show-off) szjl
:fzy\s br\ yli Ã, vf[ vl56l kdlgdL vljl 5‹k=u# jw]
113
brl\4 ytl úi º s59Lm‡L bz;njl dl7[ 8[8 /:F9il s[ n]al/
gjlf]= kldlFi y/ ui]= º s#dfl pmdl-v[-:szld tyl
vlu[jlf#v[ vl v=u[ m#s#f[ úu+t sz; oh]m br\f# b]Mm#
:jz#w szj# ú[/v[. kdlgfl m[bs s:jv#v[ 56 v[ :jq[
m[b#-slJi# mb; m#súu+:t dl7[ 5‹iTf sztl zc[j]= ú[/v[.
Ó. a[ 5[0; jRr[f]= v=tz
g}f; 5[0; vf[ i]jl 5[0; jRr[f]= v=tz jwt]= úi º jltr;t
ãlzl s[ k=jln zr; v[s a;úf[ kdgjl dl7[f; e}:dsl fy;.
vl56; 5lk[ s#/ v[j; k=Kylv# s[ d=r (platform) fy; GiL
g}f;-fj; 5[0; e[u; y/ jltr;t sz; xs[. g}f; vf[ fj; 5[0;
5#t5#tlf; vmu n]:fildL îj[ º v[df[ v[sa;úf;
kdKIllv# s[ k]bn]>b kly[ ú6[ s#/ :fkat, m[jl n[jl fy;.
5‹Ä elqlf# fy; 56 jm6f# º vl56[ fj; 5[0; kly[
kD5s\fL :aFn] PeL sil| fy;. s#/ kel kdlz=e#dL a[
5[0;v# e[u; yli, k=jln sz[ v[j]= vli#gf fy;. vlf[ slz6[
fj; 5[0; jc#zl 57[m kdlg kly[ v[sZ5 (identify) yt;
fy;. 5#t[ jc#zl 57[m kdlgf# elu à v[j]= vf]ejt; fy;.
vl jm6 rlm] zc[ t# sl4Sd[ kdlgf]= dl4b]= t}7; 59[, vf[
:a‹7fdL jc#zl kdlg tz;s[f; vl56; v#4b (identity)
e}=kl/ úi.
¤. vt9l56]= (exclusivism)
:a‹7ffl jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL fîjL slz6#kz m#s#
v[sa;úy; vt9l ytl úi º 5#tlfl kdlgfl m#s# kly[ g
d[4d[4l5dL d]Xs[m; c#i TiL a;ú kdlú[ kly[ t# k]d[4
siLy; kwli³ vdlz; rrl\ nz:dilf 5#tlfl vf]ejfl
vlwlz[ a#M7ffl JP ágK7;k vlÇo 5;kâ /salmel/ /klv[
v[j]= :jwlf si]| s[, vl56l kdlgfl m#s# exclusive vyl\t
vt9l ytl úi Ã. :a‹7;x kdlgfl d]Bi5‹jlc kly[ s#/
kD5s\ zlbtl fy;. vFi#y; n}z zc; 5#tlfl k=s]:rt s#rml
(cocoon)dL îj[ º vlf[ g slz6[ jzk#y; :a‹7fdL jktl
c#jl VtL vcÂiLfl m#s#f; jlt szjlf;, rrl\:jrlz6l
114
szjlf;, kdKIllv# vf[ dte[n# ps[mjlf; vf]sz6;i
sli\5•:tdLy; vl56[ sx]= g x;Bil fy;.
vlf# vy\ v[j# fy; s[, vFi kdlgfl n]u]\6# vl56[
v5fljjl. 56 vFi kdlú[ kly[ 5lzK5:zs Jijclz
(interaction) kn=tz s5l/ úi t# u[zkdú[ vf[ 5}j\u‹c#
jwtL úi vf[ vl56[ :jxl4 kldl:gs dl4bldLy;
cL:kildL ws[ml/ g/v[ (marginalised) s[ alslt y/
g/v[.
p5z#å kdKIllv# kly[ îjt; g}f; 5[0; t# cj[ btd yx[,
56 vl kdKilv# vl56[ jlzkldL fj; 5[0;f[ f vl5tl
g/v[ v[f]= Wilf zlbj]= vTi=t gZz; º vl56; el:j 5[0;v#
:a‹7fdL s/ z;t[ îjx[ t[f# vlwlz vl56l vlgfl jm6
(attitude), v:eud (approach) vf[ îjfx{m;
(lifestyle) p5z Ã.
115
:a‹7fdL jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; kdKIllv#
fj; 5[0;
:a‹7ffl jc#zl 57[m kdlgf; i]jl 5[0; x]= :jrlz[ ó v[df; s/
d}=hj6# ó v[df[ s/ kdKilv# sf9[ ó vl56l kdlg 5‹Ti[f;
v[df; N:Q7 s[ kdg (perception) s[j; ó vl 5‹Ä#fl p‡z dl7[
vd[ v[s 5‹Älj:m (questionnaire) t{ilz sz; ZaZ vf[ /d[/m
ãlzl i]jlf#f[ 5c¾rl9;. m=9f, m[K7z, a#M7f, AmÇsaf\, 5‹[K7fy; Á¢
y; ƒ¼ jq\f; jifl i]js i]jt;v# tzoy; vdf[ g[ p‡z# d$il t[f#
klz f;r[ d]ga Ã>
vl56l kdlg :jq[fl i]jl5[0;fl bilmfL cslzlTds vf[ fslzlTds
aFf[ 5lkL n[bli º
Á. 36L i]js i]jt; kdg[ Ã s[, v[dfl j9;m# /:F9ily; vcÂ
vlJil vf[ d]Xs[m;v#f# kldf# sz; 5{k[7s[ kd+• yil t[fl
5‹tl5[ vdf[ kl½= îjf vf[ k]bkuj9# 5‹l%t y/ º
pnlcz6 tz;s[ a#M7ffl gfla vAn]m vh;h nlpn df]az;fl
n;szl, n;sz;v# vf[ 5]Ôjw]v# mb[ Ã s[,
“In our opinion what our forefathers have achieved is simply remarkable. They came to a strange country 5,000 miles from home. They came alone leaving behind their families. They came empty-handed. They were unskilled and could not even speak yes or no. They did not know where they will eat or sleep. All these incredible sacrifices were given by our elders so that we, the 3rd and 4th generations can have an easy life. Today’s Vohra youth are ever in debt to our granddads and great granddads for their sacrifices and achievements.”
“vdlzl dt[ vdlzl j9jlv#v[ g[ :k• si]| t[ f¾w5lÔ º
t[v# 5#tlfl jtfy; Ó¼¼¼ dl/m n}z vú^il n[xdL vlJil.
116
5#tlfl s]7]=af[ V#9; v[sml vlJil. blm; cly[ vlJil. t[df;
5lk[ s#/ s~xMi f ct]= vf[ /=Um;xdL ik-f# 56 vlj9t]= f
ct]=. t[v# siL blx[ s[ k}/ gx[ v[f; 56 t[df[ baz f ct;.
vl56l j9jlv#v[ vl dlfjldL f vlj[ v[jl e#u v[7ml
dl7[ vl%il s[ vl56f[ - v[df; Ô;î vf[ r#y; 5[0;f[ kl½=
îjf d4[. vlgf; i]jl5[0; knl dl7[ t[dfl nlnl 5znlnlf;
ó6; Ã g[d6[ e#u vl5; vl7m]= aw]= cLkm si]|.”
ª. g}f; 5[0;v[ i}z5fl n[xdL jk;f[ 56 5#tlf# n;f klrj;
zlBi#. d:Kgn, d«[kl, nlZm pm}d, tAm;u; dzsh# aflJiL
vf[ n;ff]= jltljz6 - dlc#m slid zlBi]=. vl 5[0;v[
vuda]:• jl5z; d]:Kmd o[/y Ks}m# 56 Kyl5;.
ƒ. g}f; 5[0;fl m#s# dc[ft]= vf[ 5:zôd; ctl. Á»‰¼-¥¼fl
ul4ldL 5]½q# KÔ;v# awL sld[ gtL. s#7f :dm# aFw y/ t[
5V; klc:ks jc#zl 57[m#v[ 5#tlfl flfl d#7l Kjt=Ô
w=wlv# xZ sil\, vf[ vlòys z;t[ k•z yil.
“We are proud of their achievents. We have come
a long way – vdf[ t[df; :k:• dl7[ uj\ º vl56[ 36L
vlu4 jw; 5‹u:t sz; º
¢. vl56# kdlg close knit k]u‹:yt º vdf[ kcli vf[ 7[s#
d4[ º They are there when you need them – tdlz[
gZz 59[ Tilz[ t[v# dnn dl7[ clgz c#i º
Ó. I am proud of my roots – dlzl d}4 kdlgf# df[ uj\ º
56 dlz[ vl56l e}tsl4 :jq[ vf[ jc#zl 57[m s#d :jq[ cg]
jwlz[ ú6j]= º
¤. vdf[ mlu[ Ã s[ vl56l jc#zl 57[m#dL k=5 s[ v[stl fy; -
They are so divided – m#s# vmu vmu :ozslv#dL
jc¿rli[ml º j4; k]zt;-eZr; vf[ vl uldf#, 5[ml uldf#
117
v[j]= :jrlz[ º jc#zl 57[m# k=s]:rt dlfkjl4l - narrow
minded º a;ú d]:Kmd#f[ Kj;slztl fy;.
‰. a;ú kdlú[ kly[ e4tl fy;. :a‹7ffl sMil6 5‹lÇg[s±7# s[
kdlg k[jlf; 5‹j+:‡v#dL elu m[tl fy;. We do not
engage - vl56[ úc[z :ctf; 5‹j+:‡v#dL a;ú kdlú[ kly[
kld[m ytl fy;.
¥. jc#zl 57[m kdlg static - :Ky:tr]Kt Ã, g9 Ã vf[
5:z:Ky:tf[ vf]Z5 anmlt# fy;.
». vl56]= kldl:gs k=u8f fa4]= vf[ vJij:Kyt º We are
not organised. m#s# e[ul d4; s#/ 5‹j+:‡v# sz[ t[ dl7[f;
k=Kylv# vl56[ Kyl5; fy;.
Á¼. vdf[ mlu[ à s[ vl56l kdlgdL 36L m#s# d}Mi# vf[ P=rl
:jrlz#f[ anm[ a[Fs a[m[Fk vf[ dlm:dMstf[ jw] dcTj vl5[
º
p5z#å nk d]Nlv#dL, :a‹7ff; jc#zl 57[m#f; i]jl5[0; vl56l
kdlg :jq[ x]= dlf[ Ã t[ K5Q7 yli º vl p5zLt, 5‹Älj:mdL vd[
i]jlf#f[ clm s/ s/ kdKilv# f9[ Ã v[j]= 5}V[m]=. vlfl p‡zdL
mLa; iln;v# d4;. v[f# 7}=sklz f;r[ d]ga Ã>
Á. vdlz; i]jl5[0;fl 5‹#Am[Dk :jq[ s#/ rrl\ yt; fy;. s#/v[
vlg k]w; vdf[ 5}Vi]= fy; s[, tdlz; s/ d]Xs[m;v# ó We
find it difficult to speak to anyone about our
problems - vdlz; kdKIllv# :jq[ s#f[ sc[j]=³ Our voice
is not heard. vdlz; jlt s#/ kLe4t]= fy;. j9;m# kly[
rrl\ szjldL elql 56 f9[ º
ª. Jikf#f]= 5‹dl6 jwt]= úi º s[7mls i]jlf# fx;ml 5nlyl¹
(drugs), xzla vf[ :kuz[7fl zjl9[ r9il º
118
ƒ. i]jl5[0; s]7]=a vf[ kdlgy; v4u;, j[u4; yt; úi º a;ú
kly[ e4tl fy;. They are keeping to themselves.
¢. i]jl5[0;, blk sz;f[ V#szlv#dL pRr :x16f]= 5‹dl6 v#V]= º
t[v# dlf[ Ã s[, j9;m# tzoy; 5‹#Tklcf fy;, vf[ i#Ui
dlu\nx\ff# velj º
Ó. j9;m# 5‹Ti[f]= dlf tyl :jj[s, dil\nl v#VL ytL úi º
u]gzlt; elql tyl vl56; k=Ks+:t 5‹Ti[ zk s[ vlsq\6 fy;.
¤. v=u‹[î vdlz; d]Bi elql af; u/ c#jly; d:Kgn#dL pn}\dL
ytL ú[x;mL ailf#dL vdf[ hlh; kdg 59t; fy;. n;ff;
klr; kdg s[4jlt; fy;. blk sz;f[ g]DvlfL ailf#
v=u‹[îdL 56 vjlzfjlz yli t# fji]jlf#f[ 36# olin#
yli.
‰. 36L i]jlf# dlf[ Ã s[, jc#zl 57[m#dL k=5 kcslz v#V# º
t[dfldL wlòds, kldl:gs jln:jjln vf[ h39l º
¥. s[7mls i]js#fl dt[, :a‹7ffl jc#zl 57[m kdlgdL i#Ui
f[tlu;z; fy;. :j:jw 1[Ô[ s#df[ n#zj6; vl5[ v[j;
5‹:telxl4; Ji:åv# fy;. i]jl5[0; dl7[ role models v[7m[
s[ vlnx\ :je}:tv#f# velj º
». i]jl5[0; identity crisis v[7m[ 5#tlf; v#4b vf[ vk:mit
alat :ãwl vf]ej[ º v[d6[ British Muslim afj]= Ã, 56
s/ z;t[ t[ kdg fy;.
Á¼. :a‹7ffl d]:Kmd kdlgf]= media portrait v[7m[
kd}cdlWid#dL P8t; Vl5 negative vyl\t fslzlTds º
klr; Vl5 zg} szjl x]= szj]= t[ kjlm º
119
ÁÁ. s[7mls i]jlf# vkldl:gs, u]fl:ct 5‹j+:‡v# sz[ º slinlf#
e=u sz; 5#m;k t5lkf# e#u af[ º
Áª. i]jlf#dL a[slz; Ã, vf[ dlu\nx\ffl velj[ poor career
choices v[7m[ slz:snÉ 5k=nu; fa4; zc[ º
Áƒ. úc[z îjfdL vf[ zlgslz6dL i]jlf#f; s#/ tlm;d fy;
vf[ t[df[ hlh]= Kylf fy;.
Á¢. kdlgdL s#/ rrl\ kel, d[4lj9l, 5‹k=u pgj6;,
Kf[ck=d[mf# fy;. There is nowhere to go.
ÁÓ. kdlgdL s~7]=:as h39lv#f]= 5‹dl6 jwt]= úi º k=i]å
s]7]=adL kly[ zc[jlfl 5‹Ä# º tmlsf]= 5‹dl6 jWi]= º 5:z6ld[
single mothers s[ lone parents v[7m[ s[ v[sml cly[
al4s#f# pV[z szt; dltlv# ² :5tlv#f]= 5‹dl6 56 jWi]= º
Relationships break down easily. vlf[ 5:z6ld[ jc#zl
57[m kdlgfL family values – s]7]=a d}Mi# 3kltL úi º
Á¤. i]jl5[0;dL k=u;t, o}7a#m vf[ d#al/m o#ff; craze
uL956 jwt]= úi º
Á‰. vlnx\, k=t#q; îjf îjjlf[ anm[ e~:ts k]b# - fast
cars, easy money tzo n#7 Ã.
Á¥. i]jl5[0;f[ dc[ft vf[ 5:zôd szjlf; 5‹[z6l d4[ v[j]= work
culture – sld0]= jltljz6 kdlgdL fy;.
Á». xln; ju[z[ 5‹k=u#v[ too much mixing of boys and girls
- i]js i]jt;v# dil\nle=u yli v[ z;t[ V}7Vl7y; d4[ º cl
cl c; c; sz[ º
120
ª¼. kdlgfl m#s# wlòds 5‹j+:‡v#dL ú[9li Ã, 56 kldl:gs
5‹j+:‡v#dL zk m[tl fy; s[ e[ul d4; vlj; kdlg dl7[
mlenlis s#/ 5‹j+:‡ sztl fy;.
ªÁ. jc#zl 57[m kdlgfl i]js i]jt;v#dL self-esteem
vlTdkFdlf v#V]= º
ªª. vl56l kdlgf]= sMrz :a‹7ffl sMrzy; tNf vmu º v[f[
slz6[ i]jl5[0; confused à vf[ d}=hj6 tyl u}=rjl9lez;
:Ky:t vf]ej[ º
ªƒ. vcÂfl dlc#mf; vkzf[ m;w[ s[7mls i]jlf# u[zdlu¹ n#zjli
º t[df[ kdlg tzoy; kmlc dlu\nx\f d4tL fy; g[y; t[v#
r[t[ vf[ k]wz[. There are no efforts to bring them
back on track.
121
p5k=clz (Conclusion)
vl 5‹sz6#dL g[ kdKilv#f# pMm[b yi# vf[ t[dfl ps[m# dl7[fL g[
:nxlk}rf# 5‹Kt]t sil| t[f# c[t] vl56l kdlgf[ 5#tlf; jt\dlf
:Ky:ty; kelf sz; el:j :jq[ :jrlztl szjlf# º
vl56[ h95; 5:zjt\ffl i]udL îj;v[ V;v[. j{:Åjs;sz6
(globalization)f[ slz6[ kdlú[ vf[ îjfx{m;v# kld[ 59slz#
Pel yil º kdlg kúu f c#i t# vl 5:za4# t[f[ :VFf sz;
fLb[. kd}c dlWid#fl 5‹elj c[84 5‹úv#fL jm6# vf[ dlfk#
anml/ z†L º aú½ 5:za4# úc[zlt# ãlzl m#s#fl k=Kslz# e}=k;
fLb[ Ã (brain washing). kldl:gs Z:0v#f[ btd sz[ Ã, vf[
kdlgf]= :j37f (disintegration) sz; fLb[ º
vl 5:za4# kld[ cly ú[9; a[k; zc;v[ s[ s=/ f sz;v[ v[ :jsM5
fy; (doing nothing is not the option). kdlgf]= v:KtTj
7sljjl, u~zjei]| Kylf 5‹l%t szjl vf[ :jslk klwjl kdlg
k]wlz6lf; 5‹:Sil ktt rlmj; ú[/v[.
V[Mm[[ s#/ 56 s#d[ îj=t zc[j]= c#i t# v[6[ vjlzfjlz 5#tlfl :jq[
u=e;z56[ :jrlz szj# gZz; º vl56; vlg]alg] g[ o[zolz# ytl
c#i, g[ 5:zjt\f# ytL c#i t[df[ WilfdL zlb; vl56[ siL V;v[<
vlg k]w; vl56[ x]= x]= d[4Ji]= Ã vyjl x]= x]= u]dlJi]= Ã< vl56[ cj[
s/ :nxldL g/ z†l V;v[ ju[z[ alat#f# :jrlz f sz;v[ t#
vl56; vlg t# ú[/v[ t[7m; klz; fy;, vljt; slm 56 tNf
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vcÂfl kldl:gs sli\sz gfla v{i]a
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k=5lns 7;d
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eZr; jc#zl 57[m
pT5:‡ - nxl - :nxl
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57[m# slf:dil jc#zl 56 sc[jli º
jc[zl 57[m# p„d; vf[ klc:ks º t[v# n[xl7f sz; vl:Osl, :a‹7f,
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eZr; jc#zl 57[m kdlg k]u‹:yt (close knit) Ã, v[f; vluj;
v#4b (identity) Ã, :j:xQ7 k=Ks+:t tyl 5#t;s; 5‹6lm;v#, Z:0v#
(traditions) Ã.
vl bd;zj=t; s#df# kj\u‹lc; (comprehensive), v:ws+t
(authentic) /:tclk vlg5i|t p5mAw f ct#.
vl 5]Kts v[ P65 5}zjlf# v[s 5‹ly:ds 5‹ilk º
eZr; jc#zl 57[m s#dfl fld úc[z f szjl /RVtl v[s nlfj;zf;
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