Guide by-: present by-:

Amar salariya Patel Nirav

Patel Karan

Patel Jigar

Patel Pradhuman

Introduction

Raw materials

Experimental work

Void analysis

Analysis of result

Cost analysis

Application

Conclusion

Photo gallary

Now a days, the steady increment in high traffic intensity in terms of

commercial vehicles, and the significant variation in daily and seasonal

temperature put us in a demanding situation to think of some alternatives for

the improvisation of the pavement characteristics and quality by applying

some necessary modifications which shall satisfy both the strength as well as

economical aspects.

This project conducted to study the behavior of bituminous concrete mix

modified with waste polythene. Various percentage of polythene are used for

preparation of mixes with a selected aggregate grading as given in IRC code.

Role of plastic or polymer in pavement

Plastics are durable and non-bio degradable, the chemical bonds make

plastic very durable and resistant to normal natural process of degradation.

Modification of BC, with the synthetic polymer binder can be considered

as a solution to overcome the problem, arising because of the rapid

increase in wheel loads and change in climate condition. Polymer

modification can be considered as a one of the solution to improves the

fatigue life, reduce the rutting & thermal cracking in pavement.

The basic materials used as follows,

I. Aggregate

II. Bituminous binder

III. Mineral filler

IV. Polythene

I. AGGREGATE

SIEVE SIZE %RETAINED

16 mm 5

10 mm 25

4.75 mm 30

2.36 mm 20

300 15

Filler (Fly ash) 5

specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.7 specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.6

Bitumen

The bitumen used in preparing marshal sample is 60/70.(VG-30)

penetration grade.

Specific gravity of bitumen =1.02

Mineral Filler

Fly ash is used as a mineral filler material.

specific gravity = 2.2

Polythene

The polythene used in Amul milk packets was used as raw material for

preparation of the samples. These polythene packet collected, washed and

cleaned by putting them in hot water for 3-4 hours.

specific gravity = 0 .905

Polythene used

Shredded polythene

It involve mainly two processes

Preparation of sample

Testing

Preparation of sample (ASTM D6927-06)

Mixing of aggregate & Mineral Filler and heated at temp. 160 Celsius for 2

hours.

Bitumen was heated up to its melting point.

Shredded polythene and bitumen 5% of total mix was mixed uniformly and

homogeneously for 15-20 minute.

Mix was transferred to a casting mould.

50 no. of blows were given per each side of sample

Now sample with moulds were kept separately and marked.

Calculation involved for mould

Total weight of sample = 1200 gm

Weight of bitumen = 60 gm (5%)

Polythene content = 1 to 5%

Weight of aggregate and polythene for each sample given below table.

Amount of raw material

polythene % wt of polythene wt of aggregate

gm Gm

0 0 1140

0 0 1140

0 0 1140

1 11.4 1128.6

1 11.4 1128.6

1 11.4 1128.6

2 22.8 1117.2

2 22.8 1117.2

2 22.8 1117.2

3 34.2 1105.8

3 34.2 1105.8

3 34.2 1105.8

4 45.6 1094.4

4 45.6 1094.4

4 45.6 1094.4

5 57 1083

5 57 1083

5 57 1083

Marshall Stability Value :

It is defined as the maximum load at which the specimen fails under

the application of the vertical load. It is the maximum load supported by test specimen at a loading rate 50.8 mm/min.

Marshall flow value:

It is defined as the deformation undergone by the specimen at the maximum load where failure occurs. The flow value was recorded in 0.25 mm.

f = F-I

Where

F = final reading

I = Initial reading

Marshall stability value

Sample no.

polythene %

No. of divisions (N) Marshall Stability Value (S)

kN

1' 0 460 13.66

2' 0 500 14.85

3' 0 490 14.56

1 1 490 14.56

2 1 470 13.96

3 1 480 14.26

4 2 490 14.56

5 2 480 14.26

6 2 500 14.85

7 3 520 15.44

8 3 530 15.74

9 3 520 15.44

10 4 570 16.93

11 4 600 17.82

12 4 620 18.41

13 5 540 16.04

14 5 520 15.44

15 5 550 16.34

Marshall flow value

Sample no.

polythene %

Initial Reading

(I)

Final Reading

(F)

Marshall Flow

Value (F)

Mm

1' 0 3.1 7.3 4.2

2' 0 3.3 7.4 4.1

3' 0 3.3 7.4 4.1

1 1 3.5 7.0 3.5

2 1 3.2 7.9 3.7

3 1 4.1 7.3 3.2

4 2 3.9 7.0 3.1

5 2 3.7 6.7 3

6 2 3.2 6.3 3.1

7 3 3.9 7.1 3.2

8 3 3.0 5.8 2.8

9 3 3.1 6.0 2.9

10 4 2.8 5.3 2.5

11 4 2.6 5.5 3.3

12 4 3.3 6.1 2.8

13 5 2.9 5.5 2.6

14 5 3.2 5.9 2.7

15 5 3.3 6.2 2.9

The following equation are used to determine volumetric parameters such

as VMA,VA,VFB and absorbed bitumen.(Chakroborty & Dac,2005)

Calculation of Gsb

polythene %

% of CA

% of FA

% of filler

% of pol

Gsb

Gmm

0 47.5 42.75 4.75 0 2.624745 2.43333

0 47.5 42.75 4.75 0 2.624745 2.43333

0 47.5 42.75 4.75 0 2.624745 2.43333

1 47.025 42.3225 4.7025 0.95 2.61319 2.393276

1 47.025 42.3225 4.7025 0.95 2.61319 2.393276

1 47.025 42.3225 4.7025 0.95 2.61319 2.393276

2 46.55 41.895 4.655 1.9 2.601737 2.354519

2 46.55 41.895 4.655 1.9 2.601737 2.354519

2 46.55 41.895 4.655 1.9 2.601737 2.354519

3 46.075 41.4675 4.6075 2.85 2.590384 2.316998

3 46.075 41.4675 4.6075 2.85 2.590384 2.316998

3 46.075 41.4675 4.6075 2.85 2.590384 2.316998

4 45.6 41.04 4.56 3.8 2.579129 2.280653

4 45.6 41.04 4.56 3.8 2.579129 2.280653

4 45.6 41.04 4.56 3.8 2.579129 2.280653

5 45.125 40.6125 4.5125 4.75 2.567971 2.245431

5 45.125 40.6125 4.5125 4.75 2.567971 2.245431

5 45.125 40.6125 4.5125 4.75 2.567971 2.245431

Calculation of VMA,VA,VFB

Sample no. polythene % VMA VA VFB

1' 0 16.57556291 5.276911 68.16452

2' 0 16.10850103 4.746592 70.53362

3' 0 16.03835764 4.666949 70.90133

1 1 15.39714962 4.152575 73.03023

2 1 14.96855727 3.667019 75.50186

3 1 14.87540443 3.561485 76.05789

4 2 14.50180437 3.346262 76.9252

5 2 14.6664858 3.532431 75.91495

6 2 13.47225683 2.182382 83.80091

7 3 13.59858552 2.527865 81.41082

8 3 14.01085046 2.992954 78.63831

9 3 14.01092559 2.993039 78.63782

10 4 13.55906408 2.678882 80.24287

11 4 13.25530957 2.336894 82.37013

12 4 14.02278068 3.200966 77.1731

13 5 13.17783405 2.439313 81.48927

14 5 12.94828672 2.181374 83.15318

15 5 13.5108386 2.813505 79.17594

For each percentage of polythene 3 samples has been tested so avg. value

of 3 where taken. The mean values shown below table.

Polythene Content (%)

Unit weight (Gmb)

Mean VMA (%)

Mean VA (%)

Mean VFB (%)

Mean S (kN)

Mean F (mm)

0 2.668241 16.24080719 4.896817 69.86649 14.35667 2.314174

1 2.628602 15.08037044 3.793693 74.86333 14.26 2.302482

2 2.584494 14.21351566 3.020358 78.88036 14.55667 2.283404

3 2.56012 13.87345386 2.837953 79.56232 15.54 2.251242

4 2.52277 13.61238478 2.738914 79.9287 17.72 2.218188

5 2.457956 13.21231979 2.478064 81.2728 15.94 2.189788

By using polythene in bitumen concrete mix project cost can be reduced.

Assume data

Length of the road = 1000 m

Width of pavement = 7.5 m

Thickness of pavement = 0.04 m

Calculation

Total volume of road = 1000*7.5*0.04

=300 m3

According to IRC minimum 5% of bitumen is used by total volume of road.

Volume of bitumen = 0.05*300

= 15 m3

Specific gravity of bitumen = 1.02

Now, 1 m3 bitumen → 1020 kg.

15 m3 bitumen → ?

So that, weight of bitumen 15300 kg.

From Indian Petroleum Corporation LTd. (April - 2013)

Rate of VG-30 (60/70) is Rs. 36,380 per ton

1 ton bitumen → Rs. 36,380

15.30 ton bitumen → ?

So that, net price of bitumen Rs. 5,56,614

NO. % of polythene Wt. of polythene Wt. of bitumen Price. Of polythene

1 0 0 15,300 5,56,614

2 1 153 15,177 5,52,139

3 2 306 15,024 5,46,573

4 3 459 14,871 5,41,006

5 4 612 14,718 5,35,440

6 5 765 14,565 5,39,874

For 4% weight of polythene 612 kg. Rate of polythene 8 Rs/kg. So that price of total used polythene 4896 Rs. Total price with modification = 5,35,440 + 4896 = 5,40,336 Benefit = price without modification ─ price with modification = 5,56,614 – 5,40,336 = 16278 Rs.

Percentage of profit = [(16278/5,56,614)*100]

= 3.02%

From above example we can say that by using 4% of polythene, 3 to 4 % of project cost can be reduce.

A 25 km plastic modified bituminous concrete road was laid in Bangalore. This plastic road showed superior smoothness, uniform behavior and less rutting as compared to a plastic free road which was laid at same time, which began developing “ crocodile crack ” very soon after. The process has also been approved, in 2003 by the CRRI (Central Road Research Institute Delhi).

According to Gujarat samachar news in February 2013 at Bombay, modified bitumen concrete mix by using waste polythene garbage highway payment was constructed. This became economical than normal pavement.

It is observed that Marshall stability value increase with polythene content up to 4% and then after decreases. We observed that Marshall flow value decrease upon addition of polythene i.e. the resistance to deformation under heavy wheel load increases.

Polymer modified pavement would be a boon for India's hot and extremely humid climate, where temperature frequently rises past 50 Celsius and torrential rains create havoc, leaving most of the road heavy distress.

This adversely affect the life of the pavement so that polymer bitumen show improved properties for pavement construction.

As per cost analysis we can say that around 3 to 4% project cost can be reduced.

Polymer increases the surface area of the contact at the inter surface and

give better bonding between aggregate and bitumen.

Polymer coating also reduce void space present in mix and prevent

moisture absorption and oxidation of bitumen by entrapped.

This study have positive impact on environment as it will reduce the

volume of the plastic waste to disposed of by incineration and land filling.

mixing of raw material

Marshall stability apparatus

Sieve analysis