PublicacionesPeriódicas de
Ingenieríasf!' ..
Boletín de tablas de contenidosde publicaciones en la biblioteca.
IEEE power<1energ,
of the History of ComputingVolume 33 Number 3 July-September 2011 http://www.computer.org
~. .. --.Y"",-..-
ARPA NETWORK.GEOGRAPHICMAP
OCTOBERl.1975
- SATELLITE CIRCUITo 516or 316INTERFACEMESSAGE
PROCESSORUMP)e TERMINALIMP (TIP)A PLURIBUSIMP
Why the Arpanet Was Built
IEEEter~comp~oclety
.---
i
~ñnalsof the Hlstory of Computlng
Departments
67 InterviewsDavid Walden, EditorWillis H. Ware
74 AnecdotesElizabeth (Jake) Feinler
Host Tables, Top-Level Domain Names, and the Originof Dot Com
80 Reviewsfeffrey R. Yost and Atsushi Akera, Editors
82 Events and SightingsChigusa Kita, Editor
History of Computers Exhibition at HiroshimaCity Library
The Vintage Computer Festival East 7.0Obituary: Gary Chapman
88 Yhink PieceGustav SjóblomControl in the History of Computing:
Making an Ambiguous Concept Useful
Computer Society Information, p. 54
Articles appearing in this joumal are abstracted andindexed in Historical Abstracts and America: Historyand Llfe.
All full-Iength artícles published in this joumal are peerreviewed.
~Prinled wilhInkscontalnlngsoyandlorvegetableoils
~ CertifiedFiber~~NABIf SourcingINITlATM www,sfiprogram.org
IEEE Annals oftlle Hlstory ofColllputlng (ISSN 1058-6180) is published quarterly byIhe IEEE Computer Society, 10662 Los Vaqueros Cirele, P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos,CA 90720-1314, USA; phone +1 714 821 8380. IEEE Computer Society Headquarters,1730 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036-4928, USA; IEEE Headquarters.345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017, USA. Subscriptlon rates: IEEE CompulerSociety members get the lowest rates ($40 US). Go to http://www.computer.org/subscribe to order and for more information on other subscription prices. Back issues:members, $20; nonmembers, $130. Thls journal is also available on the Web.
Postmaster. Send undelivered copies to IEEEAnnals of the History of Computing,IEEE,Membership Processlng Dept., 445 Hoes Lane, PIscataway, NJ 08855, USA.Periodicals postage pald at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices.Canadian GST Reglstration No. 125634188. Canada Post Publications MailAgreementNumber 0487880. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to P.O. Box122,Niagara Falls, ON LZE658. Printed In the United States.
o
ReuseRights and Reprinl Permisslons: Educational or personal use of thls materialispermitted without fee, provided such use 1) Is not made for profit, 2) inciudes thlsDoticeand a fuli citation to the original work on the first page of the copy, and 3) doesDolimply IEEEendorsement of any thlrd-party products or services. Authors andIheir companles are permitted to post the accepled verslon of IEEE-copyrightedmaterial on thelr own Web servers wlthout permlssion, provided that the IEEE
Editor In ChlefJeffrey R. Yost
Assoclate Editor In ChlefAtsushi Akera
Senlor Consulting EdltorsThomas J. (Tim) Bergin
Paul E. CeruzziDavid Alan Grier
Consulting EditorLuanne Johnson
Assoclate EdltorsJanet AbbateEden Medina
Andrew Russell
Editorial BoardGerard Alberts, WilIiam Aspray, Martín Campbell-Kelly,
AJan Clements, James W. Cortada, Mary Croarken,Nathan Ensmenger, Anne Fitzpatrick, Thomas Haigh,
Ulf Hashagen, Lars Heide, Hunter Heyck,peggy Aldrich Kidwell, Chigusa Kita, Jennifer Light,
Craig Partridge, Brian Randell, Keith Smillie,Dag Spicer, Christopher H. Sterling,
David Walden, Eric A. Weiss
Editorial Management: Cheryl BaltesEditorial Business Ops. Mgr.: Robin Baldwin
Business Operations Editor: Ed Zintel
Director of Products and Services:
Sr. Mgr., Editorial Services:Sr. Business Development Mgr.:
Sr. Advertising Coordinator:
Evan ButterfieldLars JentschSandra BrownMarian Anderson
Magazine Operatlons CommltteeDorée Duncan SeIigmann (chair),
Erik R. Altman, Isabel Beichl, Krishnendu Chakrabarty,Nigel Davies, Simon Liu, Dejan Milojicié, Michael Rabinovich,
Forrest Shull, John R. Smith, Gabriel Taubin, Ron Vetter,John Viega, Fei-Yue Wang, Jeffrey R. Yost
Publlcatlons BoardDavid A. Grier (chaír),
Alain April, David Bader, Angela R. Burgess, JOO Cortada,Hakan Erdogmus, Frank E. Ferrante, Jean-Luc Gaudiot,
Paolo Montuschi, Dorée Duncan Seligmann, Linda l. Shafer,Steve Tanimoto, George Thiruvathukal
SubmlsslonsSee Author Resources at
http://www.computer.org/annals/author.htm
copyright notice and a fulI citation to the original work appear on the first screen ofthe posted copy. An accepted manuscript Is a verslon that has been revised by theauthor to incorporate revlew suggestions, but not the publlshed verslon withcopyedlting, proofreadlng, and formatting added by IEEE. For more Information,please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/paperverslonpolicy.html. Permisslon to reprint/republish thls materialfor commerelal, advertlsing. or promotional purposes or for creating new colIectiveworks for resale or redIstributlon must be obtained from IEEEby writing to the IEEEIntellectual Property Rlghts Office, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 088544141 [email protected] (!:;2011 IEEE.AIi rights reserved.
Abstracting and Library Use: Abstracting Is permitted with credit to the souree.Libraries are permitted to photocopy for private use of patrons, provided the per-copy fee Indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page Is paid through theCopyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923.
Editorial: Unless otherwise stated, bylined artlcles, as weli as product and servicedescriptions, refIect the author's or firm's oplnlon. Incluslon in IEEEAnnals of tlleHistory of COlllputlngdoes not necessarily constltute endorsement by the IEEEor theIEEEComputer Society. AlI submissions are subject to editing for style, cIarity, andlength. IEEE prohlbits dlscrimlnation, harassment, and buliylng. For moreInformation, visit www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatls/policies/p9-26.html.
I
-, - -- _. ---
Coiñcompu'''P'Oiite rPw. eompute,.o, gleo mpute,
CDVERFEATURES 44 The Final Frontier:1- 6UESTEDlTOR'SINTROOUCTION Confidentiality and Privacy:z 21 Security and Privacy in the Cloud
in an Online World FranciscoRocha,Salvador Abreu,La.I RolfOppliger and MiguelCorreia
1- Mostofthe perimeter-orientedsecurity Theboundarybetween the trusted insideandmechanismswe currentlyrelyon no longer the untrustedoutside blurswhen a company
:z workinan onlineworldwhereit's increasingly adopts cloudcomputing.Theorganization'sdifficultifnot impossibleto definethe applications-and data-are no longeronsite,
e perimeterand separate the trusted insidefrom fundamentallychangingthe definitionof athe untrustedoutside.Thearticlesincludedin maliciousinsider.
U thisspecialissueare intendedto providea 51comprehensivepictureofthe security Securing the Internet of Thingschallengesand privacyconcernsthat apply Rodrigo Roman,Pablo Najera,to this newenvironment.
and Javier Lopez
23 Malicious and Spam Posts inThe Internet ofThings offers a vision of extremeinterconnectionthat willbringunprecedented
Online Social Networks convenience and economy, but ensuring its safeSaeed Abu-Nimeh,Thomas M.Chen, and ethical use will require novel approaches.
and OmarAlzubi60Alarge-scalestudy ofmorethan halfa million Sticky Policies: An Approach
Facebookposts suggeststhat membersof for Managing Privacy acrossonlinesocialnetworkscan expect a significant Multiple Partieschariceofencounteringspam posts and a Siani Pearson and MarcoCasassa Montmuch lowerbut not negligiblechanceofcomingacrossmaliciouslinks. TheEnCoReprojecthasdevelopeda technical
solutionforprivacymanagement using29 Security Vulnerabilities in machine-readablepoliciesthat isapplicable
the Same-Origin Policy:ina broad range ofdomains.
Implications and Alternatives PERSPECTIVESHossein Saiedian and DanS.Broyles 69 Trends in Server EnergyThesame-originpolicyoverlyrestrictsWebapplicationdevelopmentwhilecreatingan Proportionalityever-growinglistofsecurityholes,reinforcing Frederick Ryckbosch,Stijn Polfliet,the argument that the sOPisnot an and LievenEeckhoutappropriatesecuritymodel. Serverenergyproportionality,as quantifiedby
38 Secure CoUaborative Supply-' the proposed EPmetric,has improved:significantly,from 30-40 percent in 2007 to
Chain Management 50-80percenttoday,but much morecan be -FlorianKerschbaum,AxelSchropfer, done to movesystemscloserto ideal.
Antonio ZiIIi,RichardPibernik, RESEARCHFEATUREOctavian Catrina, Sebastiaan de Hoogh,
73BerrySchoenmakers, Stelvio Cimato, The Three Rs of Cyberphysical, and Ernesto Damiani Spaces
The SecureSCMproject demonstrates the Vivek Menon, Bharat Jayaraman,practical applicability of secure multiparty and Venu Govindarajucomputation to online business collaboration.
Integrating recognition with spatiotemporal, reasoning enhances the overall performance of, information retrieval.¡
IFormore information on computing topies, visit the Computer Society Oigitallibrary at www.computer.org/csdl. J
IEEEComputer Society: http://computer.org
Computer: http://computer.org/computer
IEEEComputer Society Publications Office: +1 714821 8380
Flagship Publication of the IEEEComputer Society
September 2011, Volume 44, Number 9 11
6 The Known WorldLeisureScienceDavid Alan Grier
MEMBERSHIPNEWS
88 IEEE Computer SocietyConnection
91 Call and Calendar
COLUMNS
93 Social ComputingLet's Gang Up on Cyberbullying
Henry Lieberman, KarthikDinakar,and BiragoJones
9 32 & 16 Years AgoComputer,September 1979and 1995Neville Holmes
11 Patent LawTen Things to Know When Your PatentApplication Is Allowed
Brian M. Gaff and Catherine J. Toppin
NEWS14
97 Green ITSoftware Bloat and Wasted Joules: IsModularity aHurdle to Green Software?
Suparna Bhattacharya, K.Gopinath, KarthickRajamani, and Manish Gupta
Technology NewsIPv6:AnyCloser to Adoption?Neal Leavitt
18 NewsBriefsLee Garber
102 In DevelopmentOnshore Mobile App Development: Successesand ChallengesChristopher L. Huntley
106 Identity SciencesWhat Are 50ft Biometrics and How Can TheyBeUsed?
Karl RicanekJr. and Benjamin Barbour
112 The ProfessionHas Everything Been Invented?Qn Software Development and the Future of AppsAlessio Malizia and Kai A. Olsen
ERRATAIn "A Personal History of the IBMPe' (Aug. 2011,pp. 19-25), the publication in which the MITSAltaircover story appeared was incorrectly identifiedon page 19. The sentence should read as follows:"Widespread personal computing began withthe publication of a cover story on the MicroInstrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS)Altairin the January 1975issue of PopularElectronics."
In "IBMPC Retrospective: There Was EnoughRight to Make ItWork" (Aug. 2011, pp. 26-33), themanufacturer of the 6502 was incorrectly identifiedon page 28. The sentence should read as follows:"The three choices were Motorola, Intel, and theMOS Technology 6502."
Computer regrets these errors.
OEPARTMENTS4
378087
EIsewhere in the CSComputer Society InformationCareer OpportunitiesBqokshelf
Reuse Rights and Reprint Permissions: Educational or personal use of this materialis permitted without fee. provided such use: 1) is not made for profit: 2) includesthis notice and a full citation to the original work on the first page of the copy:
and 3) do es not imply IEEE endorsement of any third-party products or services. Authors and theircompanies are permitted to post the accepted version of their IEEE-copyrighted material on their ownWeb servers without permission. provided that the IEEE copyright notice and a full citation to theoriginal work appear on the first screen of the posted copy. An accepted manuscript is a version whichhas been revised by the author to incorporate review suggestions. but not the published version withcopyediting. proofreading and formatting added by IEEE. For more information. please go to: http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/paperversionpolicy.html.
Permission to reprint/republish this material for commercial. advertising. or promotional purposesor for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE bywriting to the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights Office. 445 Hoes Lane. Piscataway. NJ 08854-4141 [email protected]. Copyright «:>2011 IEEE. AII rights reserved.
Abstracting and Library Use: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permittedto photocopy for private use of patrons. provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code at the bottom ofthe first page is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center. 222 Rosewood Drive. Danvers. MA01923.
IEEE prohibits discrimination. harassment. and bullying. For more information. visit www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.
IEEEter~comp~oclety
IEEE ~ a h....mpuer 'fgQuc!SSSeptember/October 2011 . Volume 31, Number 5 . Published by the IEEEComputer Society
FeatureArticles-
3o Virtual Prototyping of ShoesTomKühnert, Stephan Rusdorf,and GuidoBrunnett
A proposed 3D user interface mimies a shoe designer's
conventional work style. The methods and concepts
developed for this interface are applieable to other
areas-for example, designing car interiors or cockpits.
43 A Responsive Finite Element Methodto Aid InteractiveGeometricModelingNobuyuki Umetani, Kenshi Takayama, ]un Mitani,and Takeo Igarashi
Computer-aided engineering systems use numerical
simulation methods mainly to reject undesirable
designs-not to guide users toward better designs.
However, integrating a real-time finite element method
into interactive geometrie modeling can provide user
guidance. During interactive editing, real-time feedback
from numerieal simulation guides users toward improved
design without tedious trial-and-error iterations.
)re:s/
Cover art: Adversity Conquered, @2011 Georgia Wild
54 Context-Aware Motion Diversificationfor CrowdSimulationQin Gu and Zhigang Deng
Crowd simulation models typically focus on navigational
pathfinding and local collision avoidance; little research
has explored how to control individual agents' motions.
A proposed approach adaptively controls agents' motion
styles to increase a crowd's visual variety. Experimentalscenarios and user evaluations demonstrate the
approach's flexibility and capability.
66 Wait-Free Shared-MemoryIrradiance CachingKurt Debattista, Piotr Dubla, Luís Paulo Peixoto
dos Santos, and Alan Chalmers
Parallelizing rendering algorithms to exploit
multiprocessor and multicore machines isn't
straightforward. For example, the irradiance cache (IC)is an acceleration data structure that caches indirect
diffuse irradiance values. In multicore systems, threads
must share the IC to achieve high efficiency. A novel
wait-free access mechanism significantly reduces
synchronization overhead.
Tutorial
18 Graph Analytics-Lessons Learnedand Challenges AheadPak Chung Wong, Chaomei Chen, Carsten Gorg,
Ben Shneiderman, ]ohn Stasko, and ]im Thomas
lessons learned from developing four graph analytics
applications reveal good research practiees and grand
challenges for future research. The application domains
inelude electric-power-grid analytics, social-network
and citation analyties, text and document analyties, and
knowledge domain analytics.
ISSN 0272-1716
~"'''''''thInkscontarnlng",.-vqebbleolls [~
...",dAb..
jSUSTAINA8lESoufcingfORESTR'I'_INlTlAlIYE _.$fipfogf.m.Of'
Departments
3 Fromthe EditorComings, Goings, and a Contest,Gabriel Taubin
4 About the CoverThe Power of TutorialsGary Singh
6 Visualization Viewpoints2010 IEEEVisualization ContestWinner: Interactive Planning for BrainTumor ResectionsStefan Diepenbrock, ]org-Stefan Praftni, FlorianLindemann, Hans-Werner Bothe, and TimoRopinski
14 EducationIntegrating User Studies intoComputer Graphics-Related CoursesBeatriz Sousa Santos, Paulo Dias, Samuel Silva,Carlos Ferreira, and ]oaquim Madeira
80 Graphically SpeakingCarnival-Combining SpeechTechnology and Computer AnimationMichaelA. Berger,GregorHofer,and HiroshiShimodaira
90 ApplicationsDeco: A Design Editor forRhinestone DecorationsYuki Igarashi
95 Tools and Products
IEEEComputer Society Information, p. 79
Advertiser/Product Index, p. 94
Formore information on computing topies, visit theComputer Society Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.
--
http://www.computer.org/cga
eGaBra
INe1Ansboatut(proj
Page 6 of Iof (twoincrtheconlwislcertCG
1'1mySheandFebr
Page 30mor
MulMarwithvideldiffi,as asubntheiJintelmate(wwcga)com]Whewill(wW'whic
Publlst
in SCIE.NCE
+IEEE
AIPcise.aip.org
IEEE~computer societywww.computer.org/cise/
IN THIS ISSUE
I
II
.,'.I
12 XMl Management for Bioinformatics ApplicationsLena Stromback and luliana FreireScientificexploration has become a data-intensive process, and increasing amounts ofdata need to be stored, analyzed, and shared. XMLcan help address these needs. Asconcrete examples from systems biology show, native XMLstorage can be combinedwith traditional relational databases to offer an effective, usable solution for storingscientific data.
24 Survey: Real-Time Tumor Motion Prediction for Image-GuidedRadiation TreatmentPoonam S. Verma, Huanmei Wu, Mark P. Langer, Indra l. Das, and George SandisonTumor motion caused by patient breathing creates challenges for accurate radiationdose delivery to a tumor while sparing healthy tissues. Image-guided radiationtherapy (lGRT)helps, but there's a lag time between tumor position acquisition anddose delivered to that position. An efficient and accurate predictive model is thus anessential requirement for IGRTsuccess.
36 Climate Change Modeling: Computational Opportunities and ChallengesDali Wang, Wilfred M. Post, and Bruce E.WilsonHigh-fidelity climate models are the workhorses of modern climate change sciences.In this article, the authors focus on several computational issues associated with climatechange modeling, covering simulation methodologies, temporal and spatial modelingrestrictions, the role of high-end computing, as well as the importance of data-drivenregional climate impact modeling.
43 Scalalab: An Effective Scala-Based Scientific ProgrammingEnvironment for JavaStergios Papadimitriou, Konstantinos Terzidis, Seferina Mavroudi,and Spiridon LikothanassisScala offers for many benefits for constructing scientific programming environments.Extending Scala with Matlab-like constructs enabled the creation of ScalaSci, acompiled mathematical scripting framework, and ScalaLab, an efficient integratedscientific programming environment. ScalaLaboffers an interesting op~n sourcealternative to commercial packages, especially for the scientific community familiarwith lava.
56 Coupling Advanced Modeling and Visualization to Improve High-ImpactTropical Weather PredictionBo-Wen Shen, Wei-Kuo Tao, and Bryan GreenTo meet the goals of extreme weather event warning, this approach couples amodeling and visualization system that integrates existing NASAtechnologiesand improves the modeling system's parallel scalability to take advantage ofpetascale supercomputers. It also streamlines the data flow for fast processingand 3D visualizations, and develops visualization modules to fuse NASAsatellitedata.
For more information on these and other eomputing topies, please visit the IEEEComputer
Society Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/publieations/dlib/.
September/October 2011Vol.13, No. 5
Cover iIIustration: Giacomo Marchesi
www.giacomomarchesi.com
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
Computing in Science &
Engineering aims to support and
promote the emerging discipline
of computational science and
engineering and to foster the use
of computers and computational
techniques in scientific
research and education. Every
issue contains broad-interest
theme articles, departments,
news reports, and editorialcomment. Collateral materials
such as source code are made
available electronically over the
Internet. The intended audience
comprises physical scientists,
engineers, mathematicians, andothers who would benefit from
computational methodologies.AIIarticles and technical notes in
CiSEare peer-reviewed.
~Printed withinks containingsoy andlor
N vegetable oils
...
e
+IEEEControl Systems Society
AclvancingControlScienceandTechnology
» FEATURES
-- - --
r
Cover credit: Ray MayerlNASA Langley;
supporting photo Sean Smith/NASA Langley
Digital Objectldentifier 1O.1109/MCS.2011.941833
2 IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE » OCTOBER 2011
OCTOBER 2011 Voiume 31 Number 5
WWW.IEEECSS.ORG/PAB/CSM
54 L1Adaptive Controlfor Safety-Critical SystemsGuaranteed robustness with fast adaptationNAiRA HOVAKiMVAN, CHENGVU CAO, EVGENV KHARISOV,
ENRiC XARGAV, and IRENE M. GREGORV
sal
~t.-.
-¡¡
Ii
6 FROMTHE EDITORHidden Factbrs
Optilcontates
is pnMATReal.QUAsoft\desi<
9 ABOUT THIS ISSUEEnvelopes
12 PRESIDENT'SMESSAGEMemories and Lessons from Adaptive Control
15 CSSNEWS
16 FEEDBACK
ASKTHE EXPERTSFrom Blue to Green
18
Q
25 TECHNICALCOMMITTEEACTIVITIESTeclmical Cornmittee on Control Education
INI
TheQbl@21
}) OEPARTMENTS
lr
I
~ Certified Chain Of
.
Custod;)SUSTAlNA8l.E Promotin,S~stlinlble IFORESTRY For"tMjlll1l8i1nlfttl INlTIATM www.dinronram.tlro -
26 PUBLlCATIONACTIVITIESThe Impact of Control Technology
28 APPLlCATIONSOF CONTROLPosition Control in Lithographic Equipment
48 PEOPLEINCONTROLEnrique ZuazuaDragan Nesic
105 FOCUS ON EDUCATIONMechatronics Mania at the InauguralUSA Science and Engineering Festival
112 BOOKSHELF.el Adaptive Control Theory: GuaranteedRobustness with Fast Adaptation
Optimal Control with Engineering ApplicationsBook Announcements
122 OBITUARYHerbert E. Rauch
123 CONFERENCEREPORTSThe 26th Youth Automation Conferenceof the Chinese Association of Automation
125 CONFERENCE CALENDAR
128 RANDOM INPUTS
Announcing the Greatest Controls Conference of All Time
IEEE PERIODICALSMAGAZINES DEPARTMENT
445 Hoes Lane, Piscalaway,NJ 08854 USA
Senior Managing EditorGeraldine Krolin-Taylor
Senior Art DirectorJanel Dudar
Assistant Art DirectorGail A. Schnilzer
Production CoordinatorTheresa L. Smilh
Advertising Production ManagerFelicia Spagnoli
Production DirectorPeler M. Tuohy
Business Development ManagerSusan Schneiderman+1 732 562 3946Fax: +1 732 981 1855
[email protected] Director
Dawn M. Melley
Staft DirectorPublishing OperationsFran Zappulla
IEEEprohibits discrimination,harassment,and bul/ying.For more information, visithttp://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.
MISSIONSTATEMENTANOSCOPE:IEEEControlSystemsMagazineis Iheofficialmeans01communicalionlor Ihe IEEEConlrolSys-lems Society.IEEEControlSystemsMagazinepublishesinteresting,uselul,andinlormalivematerialon all aspecls01controlsystemtechnologylor Ihe benelit01control educators,practilioners,and researchers.With Ihis missionstatemenlin mind, IEEEControlSystemsMagazineencouragessubmissions,bothleaturearticlesandcolumns,on allaspects01conlrol systemlechnology.SUBMISSIONOFMANUSCRIPTS:A lealurearticleprovidesan in-depthtrealment01eitheranapplication01conlrol technologyoraninnovationinconlrol educalion.Maximumlengthis 30pages,doublespaced,nol includingligures.Aulhorswishingto submitlongerpapersmayconlacltheedilor-in-chief.
IEEEControlSystemsMagazinepublishesavariety01columns."LectureNoles"canbetheorelicalinnalureaslongastheyhaveclearlulorialvalueandintent."Applicalions01Control"columnsareindustriallyorientedsummaries01innovalionsin conlrol lechnology.Authorsareencouragedlocontacltheedilor-in-chiejaboulthesuitability01polentialcolumns.
A delailedAulhor'sGuidecan beloundat http://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/.The specilicalionsin Ihis Guidemust belollowedby allsubmissions. .
AIImanuscriptsmustbesubmittedeleclronicallyin PDFlormat lo IheEditor-in-ChielDennisS.Bernsleinat [email protected] manuscriplswith multipleequalions.ALATEXlemplalecanbeloundathttp://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/.SPECIALSECTIONS:IEEEControfSystemsMagazineencouragesproposalslorspecialsections.Proposersareencouragedlo conlaclIheedilor-in-chiello discusspolenliallopics.BOOKSANDCONFERENCES:Submitinlormationabout recentlypublishedbooksto Ihe associaleeditor lor bookreviews.Submitinlormalionaboutpaslandluture conlerenceslo Ihecorrespondingeditor lorconlerences.ADVERTISING:IEEEControlSystemsMagazineacceptsadverlisinglor educationalproducts,books,software,conlerences,employ-men..andcontrol-relatedtechnology.Forinlormationabouladverlising,conlactSusanSchneiderman,BusinessDevelopmentMan-ager,IEEEMagazines,445HoesLane,Piscataway,NJ08854USA;+1 732562 3946;lax: +1 7329811855; [email protected](ISSN1066-033X)(ISMAD7)is publishedbimonlhlyby TheInstitute01ElectricalandElec-tronics Engineers,lnc.Headquarlers:3 ParkAvenue,171hFloor,NewYork,NY10016-5997,U.S.A.+12124197900. Responsibilitylor IhecontentsrestsuponIheauthorsandnol uponIhe IEEE,theSociely,or ils members.Themagazineis a membershipbenelit01the IEEEControlSystemsSociety,andsubscriptionsare$4.00per memberperyear (includedin Societylee).Replacemenlcopieslor membersareavailablelor $20(onecopyonly).Nonmemberscanpurchaseindividualcopieslor $76.00.Nonmembersubscriptionpricesareavailableon request.Copyrightand ReprinlPermissions:Abslracling is permittedwith credit lo Ihe source.Librariesarepermittedto pholocopybeyondIhelimits01IheU.S.Copyrighllawlor privateuse01palrons:1)Ihoseposl-1977articlesIhatcarryacodeallhe bottomoflhe lirst page,providedtheper-copyleeindicaledinthecodeis paidthroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenler,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01970,U.S.A.;and2) pre-1978articleswithoul lee.Forolhercopying,reprint,or republicalionpermis-sion,wrile lO:CopyrightsandPermissionsDeparlmenl,IEEEServiceCenter,445 HoesLane,PiscalawayNJ08854,U.S.A.Copyrighl@2011byTheInslilule01ElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,Inc.AII rightsreserved.Periodicalspostagepaidat NewYork,NYandal addilionalmailingoffices.Postmasler:Sendaddresschangesto IEEEControlSystemsMagazine,IEEE,445 HoesLane,Piscalaway,NJ08854U.S.A.CanadianGST#125634188 Printed inU,S.A
4 IEEECONTROLSVSTEMSMAGAZINE» OCTOBER2011
MAGAZlNESEPTEMBER 2011 - VOLUME5 NUMBER3
Features
6 High-Performance Motor DrivesDevelopment of New Converter TopologiesMarian P. Kazmierkowski, leopoldo G.Franquelo,Jose Rodriguez, Marcelo A Perez, and Jose l. leon
27 Advances of Mechatronics and RoboticsChallenges and PerspectivesRen e luo and ViWen Perng
35 The Evolutionof Fadory and BuildingAutomationPast, Present, and FutureThilo Sauter, Stefan Soucek, Wolfgang Kastner, and Dietmar Dietrich
49 The New Frontier of Smart GridsAn Industrial Electronics PerspectiveXinghuo Yu,Carlo Cecati,Tharam Dillon,and M.Godoy Simoes
Departments and Columns
2 EDITOR'S COLUMN
4 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
64 HISTORICAL
69 lES PHOTO STORY
81 SOCIETYNEWS85 BOOKNEWS87 CALENDAR
scrJPE-lEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (JEM) publishes peer-reviewed articles that present emerging trendsand practices in industrial electronics product research and development, !rey insights, and tutoria! surveys inIhe field 01 interest to Ihe membership 01Ihe IEEEIndustria! Electronics Society (IEEEIIES)./EM will be fimited tothe scope 01Ihe IE'S,which is given as lheOlY and applications 01electronics, eontrols, eornmunications, instru-mentation, and computational intelligenee to industrial and manufacturing systems and processes.
IEEEIndustrial Electronics Magazine (ISSN 1932-4529) (1IEMAW)is published quarterly by The Institute 01Electrica1and Electronics Fngineers, Ine. Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 171h f1oor, New York, NY 100165997, USA +1 2124197900. Responsibility lor Ihe eontents rests upon Ihe aulhors and not upon Ihe IEEE,Ihe Society, or its mem-bers. The magazine is a membership benefit of !he IEEE Industrial EIectronics Society, and subscriptions areincluded in Society lee. RepIacement copies lor members are avaiIable lar $20 (one copy only). Nonmembers canpurchase individual copies lor $59.00. Nonmember subscription prices are availabIe on request Copyright andReprint Pennissions: Abstracting is permitted wilh eredit to Ihe souree. Ubraries are permitted to photocopybeyond Ihe fimits 01Ihe U.s. Copyright Iaw lor prívate use 01patrons: 1) Ihose post-1977 articles !hat cany a codeat Ihe bottom 01Ihe first page, provided Ihe per-copy lee indicated in Ihe code is paid through Ihe Copyright CIear-ance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01970, USA;and 2) pre-1978 articles wilhout lee. For olher copy-ing, reprint, or republication permission, write to: Copyrights and Permissions Departrnent, IEEEService Center,445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 U.sA Copyright (\:)2011 by The Institute 01 Electrica1 and Electronics Fngi-neers, Ine. All rights reserved. Periodica1s postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. PostnJas.ter: Send address changes to IEEEIndustrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE,445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 L5A.CanadianGST#125634188Printed In USA DigifalObjed1dentifier10.11W/MlE.2011.942170
~ Certified Chain of CustodySUSTAlNABlE p~ SlISIIillabIeFORESTR'f ~ac Mlnlolmtnl:
INITIATIVE WWW.sfiprogrlm.OI'O
ONTHECOVER: IMAGECOUR1ESYOF
WWW.PUBUCOOMAlNPlCTURES.NET
EDlTOR-IN-CHIEFDr. Mariusz Malinowski,Warsaw University 01 Technology, [email protected]
PAST EDITOR-IN-CHIEFDr. Marco Liserre, Founder 01the magazine,Politecnico di Bari, Italy
EDITORIAL BOARDPro!. Kamal AI-Haddad
Ecole de technologie superieur, CanadaPro!. Seta Bogosyan - Educational/Chapter News
University 01Alaska Fairbanks, USAProl. Bimal K. Bose
University 01Tennessee, USADr. Chandan Chakraborty
Indian Institute 01 Technology, IndiaDr. Michael W. Condry -Industry Forum
Intel, USAPro!. Hiroshi Fujimoto - New Products
University 01Tokyo, JapanPro!. Massimo Guarnieri - Historical Column
University 01 Padua, ItalyProl. Okyay Kaynak
Bogazici University, TurkeyPro!. Marian Kazmierkowski - Book News
Warsaw University 01Technology, PolandDr. Marco Liserre
Politecnico di Bari, ItalyPro!. Kouhei Ohnishi
Keio University, JapanDr. Alberto Pigazo
University 01 Cantabria, SpainDr. Juan J. Rodríguez-Andina-Society News
University 01 Vigo, SpainDr. Thilo Sauter
Austrian Academy 01 Sciences, AustriaPro!. Fernando da Silva - Book News
. Technical University 01 Lisbon, Portugal> Pro!. Bogdan M. (Dan) Wilamowski- Auburn University, USA
Dr. Richard ZurawskiAtut Technology, USA
IEEE PERIODICALS/MAGAZINESDEPARTMENT
Jessica Barragué, Managing EditorGeri Krolin-Taylor, Senior Managing EditorJanet Dudar, Senior AI1 DirectorGail A. Schnitzer, Assistant AI1 DirectorTheresa L.Smith, Production CoordinatorSusan Schneiderman, Business Development
Manager, + 1 732 562 3946Felicia Spagnoli, Advel1ising Production ManagerPeter M.Tuohy, Production DirectorDawn Melley, Editorial DirectorFran Zappulla, Staff Director, Publishing Operations
IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment,and bul/ying. For more information, visith"p:/ /www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.
SEPTEMBER 2011 . IEEEINDUSTRIALELECTRONICSMAGAZINEJ
IEEE Microwave Theoryand Techniques SocietyEditorKate A. RemleyNational Institute of Standards
and Technology+1 303 497 3652
[email protected] EditorSharri ShawNational Institute of Standardsand Technology+1 303 497 [email protected] Editorse-NewsletterTakao InoueNational Instruments
[email protected] SchindlerRF Micra [email protected]/Software ReviewsAlfy RiddleMI A-COM Technology [email protected]
Recently Published BooksMadhu GuptaSan Diego State [email protected] WorldPilar Molina GaudoUniversity of Zaragoza (Spain)[email protected] FeaturesRobert H. CaverlyVillanova [email protected] Products
Michael MajerusFreescale Semiconductor
[email protected] MemoriamJerry HausnerElectro Science [email protected]
IEEEPeriodicals Magazines DepartmentDebby Nowicki, Managing EditorJanet Dudar, Senior Art DirectorGail A. Schnitzer, Assistant Art DirectorTheresa L. Smith, Production CoordinatorFelicia Spagnoli, Advertising ProductionManager
Peter M. Tuohy, Production DirectorDawn M. Melley, Editorial DirectorFran Zappulla, Staff Director, Publishing
Operations
Advertising SalesSusan Schneiderman, Business
Development Manager+17325623946, fax +17329811855
IEEE prohibits discrimination. harassment,and bulIying.For more information, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/about-IIs/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.
I~ CertifiedChainofCustody,, SUSTAlNABlE PrGmOdn
,
lIsIISI.in.bll IFORESTRY ForlstMlnlllement
~ INITIATM www.sllprogram.org J- ---
October 2011
fortheMicrowave&WirelessEngineer ¡~l L!"Q L!"L L l~ LE
Volume12 . Number6 . October2011 . ISSN1527-3342
'fucusedissue features
- 42 Advanced Filter SynthesisCoupling matrix methodsfor microwave filternetwork synthesisRichard J.Cameron
62 Synthesis and BeyondAdvancedtechniquesfor filter and multiplexer
synthesis and design by optimizationMing Yu and Ying Wang
77 Nonresonating Mode Waveguide FiltersMultimode approaches using nonresonating modes
and enabling the application of standard synthesis techniquesSimone Bastioli
87 Distributed Models for Filter SynthesisEnhanced distributed models and synthesisproceduresfor microwave filtersVicente E. Borla, Pablo Soto, and Santiago Cogollos
101 Synthesis of Star-Junction MultiplexersMethodsfor the synthesis of high selectivity combinersGiuseppe Maccbiarella
features
1 1 O The Groove-Guide OscillatorAlignment techniquesfor groove-guide oscillatordistance and dielectric measurements
Thomas Franz Bechteler and Ayse Sevinc Aydinlik Bechteler
120 MultiobjectiveOptimizationOptimizationof a differential phase shifter througha multiobjective algorithmSai Ha Yeung and Kim Fung Man
on the cover:@lSTOCKPHOTO.COMIDAVIO MARCHAL
IEEEmcrowave magazine 3
fortheMícrowove& WirelessEngineer
IEEEMicrowaveTheory and Techniques SocietyThe Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTI-S) isan organization, within the framework of the IEEE, of mem-bers with principal professional interests in the field ofmicrowave theory and techniques. All members of the IEEEare eligible for membership in the Society. Information aboutjoining the IEEE or the Society is available on the Web,http://www.ieee.org/membership.
MTT-SAdComThe Society is managed by an Administrative Committee(AdCom) consisting of 21 elected members of the Societyplus additional ex-officio members as provided"in the M1T-SConstitution and Bylaws, which is available on the Web,http://www.mtt.org.
OfficersPresident:President-Elect:
Secretary:Treasurer:
Richard V. SnyderNicholas KoliasAlaa AbunjailehWilliam Chappell
Elected MembersLuciano BoglioneTom BrazilWilliam ChappellMark GoukerMadhu GuptaNicholas KoliasShiban KoulJoy LaskarTim LeeJenshan UnMohammad Madihian
Amir MortazawiVijay NairYoshio NikawaGeorge PonchakDominique SchreursRoberto SorrentinoBela SzendrenyiRobert WeigelKeWuQuan Xue
Ex Officio Members (with vote)Immediate Past Presidents: Samir EI-Ghazaly (2010)
Barry Perlman (2009)Józef Modelski (2008)J. Stevenson Kenney (2007)Karl Varian (2006)K.c. Gupta (2005)Robert J. Trew (2004)Manfred Schindler (2003)
HonoraryLifeMembers: T. Itoh, A. Oliner, T. Saad,P. Staecker, K. Tomiyasu
IEEE Trans.MicrowaveTheory& Tech.Editor:IEEEMicrowave and WirelessComponentsLettersEditor:IEEEMicrowaveMagazineEditor:IEEETransactionson THzScience& TechnologyEditor:
George Ponchak
c.-K. Clive TzuangKate A. Remley
Peter Siegel
IEEE Microwave Magazine (ISSN 1527-3342)(IEMMFF) is published seven timesper year in February, April, May, ¡une, August, October, and December by the Instituteof Electrieal and Electronics Engineers, Ine. Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Aoor,New York.NY 10016-5997USA. Responsibility for the contents rests upon the authorsand not upon the IEEE, the Society or its members. IEEE Service Center (for orders,subscriptions, address changes): 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NI 08854. Telephone:+1 732981 0060, +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: IEEE members $20.00 (first copyonly), nonmembers $44.00 per copy. Subscrlption Rates: Subscriptions for Societymembers are inc1uded with membership dues. Nonmember subscrlption rates avail-able upon request. Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstracting is permitted withcredit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S.Copyright law for the private use of patrons those artic1eslhat carry a code at the bot-tom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid throughthe Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. Porother eopying. reprint or republication permission, write Copyrights and PermissionsDepartment, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NI 08854 USA.Copyright@2011 by the Institute of Electrieal and Electronics Engineers, Ine. All rightsreserved. Periodicals Postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing officesRide along endosed. Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEEMierowaveMagazine,IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Canadian GST#125634188
PRINTED IN lliE USA Digitat Objeet Identifier 1O.1109/MMM.2011.941999
columns &departments
6 From the Editor's Desk KateA. Remley,DominiqueSchreurs,RashaundaHenderson,andCharlotteBlairWomen in MTT-S
14 From the Guest Editor's Desk AIiAtiaMicrowaveFilterSynthesis .' .
18 President's Column Richard Snyder~.fr] 'JifNínmen Hifo (Hello)
22 MicroBusiness . Fred Schindler
MTT-S Membership-Is It a Business Question?
26 Guest Bytes Steve MaasWhy Is Everything So Damned Difficult?
32 Health Effects .. James C. Un
The Curious Case of the IARC Working Groupon Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fieldsand Cell Phones
KurtStraif
IARC Response
Ron Melnick
Response from Ronald Melnick
38 Microwave Surfing Rajeev BansalA Eureka Moment
134 TCClídbits, Jenshan UnNew Technical Committee in Our Society
138 Around the Globe VijayNair,CharlotteBlair,Sergio Pacheco,and Bela SzendrenyiMGA Highlights at IMS2011
144 BookjSoftware Reviews AlfyRiddleIntuition ThroughVisualization
147
148
Recently Published Books M.S.Gupta
.Conference Report JeffreyPondand Ramesh GuptaGlobal Participation and Innovationsat IMS2011
Xun Gong and W.Joel D.Johnson2011 IEEE Wireless and Microwave
Technology Conference
MTT-S Ombudsman EdwardC. Niehenke
New Products Michael MajerusMicrowave New Products
156
158
162
168
Conference Calendar
MTT World PabloHerreroand Roland KrügerCellular RF in Munich Is Hot and "Cool"
Octobe¡ 20n
.la
IEEE
IEEE ter~comp~oclety" ~... .~~ .$O
.-..: J' '
/IEEE
MultiMediaJuly-September 2011 Vol. 18, No. 3
Published by the IEEEComputer Societyin cooperation with the IEEECommunications Society
and IEEESignal Processing Society
Visual Content Identificationand Search
8 Guest Editors' Introductlon}ian Lu, Xian-Sheng Hua, and Dong Xu
12 Visual Reranklng: From Objectlvesto StrategiesXinmei Tian and Dacheng TaoA study of the development of visual reranking methodscan faeilitate an understanding of the field, offer aciearer view of what has been achieved, and helpovercome emerging obstacies in this area.
22 Real-Time Video Copy-Location Detectlonin Large-Scale Repositories80 Liu,Zhu Li,LinjunYang, Meng Wang, and Xinmei TianBy exploring the temporal relationships inherent invideo, a probabilistic framework can help identify andloeate copies of query videos.
32 Weighted Subspace Filtering and RankingAlgorithms for Video Concept RetrlevalLin Lin, Chao Chen, Mei-Ling Shyu, andShu-Ching Chen
The proposed framework, with weighted subspacefiltering and ranking components, is the first attempt inmultimedia resear~h to apply multiple correspondenceanalysis to seleeted features while pruning datainstances.
44 Namlng People in News Videos with LabelPropagatlonPhi ThePham, Tinne Tuytelaars,and Marie-FrancineMoensA faee-naming method that learns from labeled andunlabeled examples relies on iterative label propagationin a graph of eonnected faces or name-face pairs.
56 Dlscoverlng the Thematlc ObJectin Commerclal Videos
GangqiangZhao, junsong Yuan,jiang Xu, and YingWuThe thematie object in a eommercial video isrepresentative of its contento The authors propose a data-mining method for thematic object discovery incommercials by finding spatially eolloeated visual features.
66 Vocabulary Hlerarchy Optimlzatlonand Transfer for Scalable Image SearchRongrongji, Hongxun Yao,Xing Xie, and Qi TianA vocabulary hierarehy optimization and transferframework uses density-based metrie learning to correctquantization biases, without supervision.
E,JeAFIY.DEl51DF,FeVIVIYISEMeQHAR,VI
http://www.computer.org/multimedia
Editorial: Unless otherwise stated, bylined articles, as well as product and service descriptions, reflect the author's or lirm's opinion. Inclusion in IEEEMultiMedia
does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the IEEEor the IEEE Computer Society. AII subrñissions are subject to editing lor style, clarity, and length.
IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more inlormation, visit www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.
Reuse Rlghts and Reprlnt Permlsslons: Educational or personal use of this material is permitted without fee, provided such use: 1) is not made lor prolit;
2) includes this notice and a lull citation to the original work on the lirst page 01 the copy; and 3) does not imply IEEEendorsement of any third-party products or
services. Authors and their companies are permitted to post the accepted version 01 IEEE-copyrighted material on their own Web servers without permission, provided
that the IEEEcopyright notice and a lull citation to the original work appear on the lirst screen 01 the posted copy. An accepted manuscript is a version that has been
revised by the author to incorporate review suggestions, but not the published version with copy-editing, proolreading, and lormatting added by IEEE. For more
inlormation, please go to: http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/paperversionpolicy.html. Permission to reprint/republish this material lor .commercial, advertising, or promotional purposes or lor creating new collective works lor resale or redistribution must be obtained Irom IEEE by writing to the IEEE
Intellectual Property Rights Office, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141 or [email protected]. Copyright @ 2011 IEEE. AII rights reserved.
Abstractlng and Llbrary Use: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy lor private use of patrons,
provided the per-copy lee indicated in the code at the bottom 01 the lirst page is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923.
Clrculatlon: IEEEMultiMedia (ISSN 1070-986X) is published quarterly by the IEEEComputer Society. IEEEHeadquarters: Three Park Ave., 17th Floor., New York,NY
10016-5997. IEEEComputer Society Publications Office: 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, PO Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720-1264; +1 714821 8380. IEEEComputer
Society Headquarters: 2001 LSt., Ste. 700, Washington, DC 20036. IEEEComputer Society rates: $42 US (print and electronic). Go to http://computer.org/subscribe
to order and lor more inlormation on subscription rates. Back issues: members, $20; nonmembers, $201. This magazine is also available on the Web.
Postmaster: Send address changes and undelivered copies to IEEEMultiMedia, IEEE, Membership Processing Dept., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
Periodicals Postage is paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing sites. Canadian GST #125634188. Cana da Post International Publications Mail Product
(Canadian Distribution) Sales Agreement #0487848. Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement Number 40013885. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to
P.O. Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6S8. Printed in USA.
SIesalIffeSt
Cover Image: Peter Nagy
~Printed wilhinkscontainingsoyandlor
.. vegetableoils~ CertifiedFiber
~~~~A8LE SourcingINITIATlVE www.sftprogram.org
---=-=----..~======:;;@
IEEECOMMUNICATIONS
SOCIETY
IEEESignol Processing Soclety
Editor in Chief]ohn R. Smith IBMAssociate Editors in ChiefFrank Nackyong RuiDorée Duncan SeligmannEditorial BoardSusanne Bol! U. Oldenburg,GermanyDaniel Ellis Columbia U.Farshad Fotouhi Wayne State U.Forouzan Golshani Calif State Univ.,LongBeachWilliam Grosky U.MichiganWinston Hsu National Taiwan UniversityYu Hen Hu U. Wisconsin-MadisonSethuraman Panchanathan Arizona State U.Malcolm Slaney Yahoo!Researchand Stanford CCRMACees G.M. Snoek Universityof AmsterdamQibin Sun Hewlett-PackardHari Sundaram Arizona State UniversityAnthony Vetro Mitsubishi ElectricResearchLabsRong Yan FacebookWenjun Zeng U. Missouri-Columbia
U. Amsterdam
MicrosoftChina R&DAvaya Labs
Submissions: Send to https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/cs-ieee (Manuscript Central). Please check to see if you havean account by using the Check for Existing Account button.If you don't have an account, please sign up. Submit proposalsfOIspecial issues to ]ohn R. Smith ([email protected]).Al!~sions are subject to editing for style, clarity, and length.
Feature Article
78 Music Generation with Markov ModelsWalter Schulze and Brink van der Merwe
Byusing music written in a certain style as training data,parameters can be calculated for Markov chains andhidden Markov models to capture the musical styleof the training data as mathematical models.
Departments
2 EIC'sMessageHistory Made Every Day
4 Visions and ViewsPrecision-Recall Is Wrong for Multimedia
11 Upcoming Events
86 Industry and StandardsMobile Visual Search: Architectures, Technologies,and the Emerging MPEGStandard
95 New Products
Computer Society Information, p. 77
Advertiser Information, p. 85
ISSN 1070-986X
Editorial ManagementSenior Manager, Editorial ServicesBusiness Operations ManagerEditorial Business Operations EditorAssoc. Mgr., Peer Review (;(Periodical Admin.Contributing Editor
Kristine Kel!yLars ]entsch
Robin BaldwinEd Zintel
Hilda CarmanKirk Kroeker
Director, Products and ServicesSenior Business Development ManagerSenior Advertising Coordinator
Evan ButterfieldSandra Brown
Marian Anderson
Magazine Operations CommitteeDorée Duncan Seligmann (chair), Erik R. Altman, Isabel Beichl,Krish Chakrabarty, Nigel Davies, Simon Liu, Dejan Milojicié,Michael Rabinovich, Forrest Shull, ]ohn R. Smith, GabrielTaubin, Ron Vetter, ]ohn Viega, Fei-YueWang, ]effrey R. Yost
Publlcations BoardDavidA.Grier (chair),AlainApril,David Bader,AngelaR.Burgess,]im Cortada, Hakan Erdogmus, Frank E. Ferrante, ]ean-LucGaudiot, Paolo Montuschi, Dorée Duncan Seligmann, SteveTanimoto, George Thiruvathukal, Linda I. Shafer
'...".
Engineering Fun
I ~~-.J
II rI. I_ :J \ I ~I. r.J. :'~ l, J ~... J 3_'!h l.~ :..
I
FOCUSENGINEERING FUN
27 Engineering FunGuestEditors' IntroductionClark Verbrugge and Paul Kruszewski
30 Improving Digital Game DevelopmentwithSoftwareProductLinesAndreW.B.Furtado, Andre L.M. Santos,GeberL. Ramalho, and Eduardo Santana de Almeida
38 Journey: A MassivelyMultiplayer Online Game MiddlewareAlexandre Denault and J6rg Kienzle
46 Capture and AnalysisofRacing-GameplayMetricsEduardo Jiménez Chapresto, Kenny Mitchell,and Francisco José Serón
53 Repairing Games at Runtime or,HowWeLearnedto StopWorryingand LoveEmergenceChris Lewis and Jim Whitehead
FEATURES
60 Strategies FacilitatingSoftwareProductTransfersDarja Smiteand Claes Wohlin
67 A Survey on Open SourceSoftware TrustworthinessVieri del Bianco, Luigi Lavazza, Sandro Morasca,and Davide Taibi
76 Access Control in JavaScriptRodolfo Toledo and Éric Tanter
INSIGHTS
9 Technology Transfer: A SoftwareSecurity Marketplace Case StudyGary McGraw
Building the Community of Leading Software Practitioners
www.computer.org/software
DJ
4]MalHan,ofSoandlAnIIForre
aLRem
12UninUnb~
Grady
14 .
NaiVtIn Se~and aRobert
~SUSTAINIFORESTR'rINITIATM
MISCELLANEOUS
6 How to Reach Us Inside Call for Papers:Back Mobile Software59 IEEEComputer Cover
DevelopmentSocietyInformation Inside Call for Papers:
Back Lean Software91 Advertiser/ CoverDevelopmentProduct Index
DEPARTMENTS
4 From the EditorManaging MontezumaHandling All the Usual Challengesof Software Development,and Making It Fun:An Interview with Ed Beach
Forrest Shull
8 LettersRemembering Ann Miller
12 On ArchitectureUnintentionalandUnbalancedTransparencyGrady Booch
14 ViewpointsNalveté Squared:In Search of Two Taxonomiesand a Mapping between ThemRobert L. Glass and Iris Vessey
~Prlnted wlth
Inkscontainlngsoyandfor.. vegetableoils~
Cenilied Fiber~g~l~+WBlESourcingINITIATlVEwww.sfiprogram.org
ers
re
16 Voice of EvidenceTesting Software Product LinesPaulo Anselmo da Mota SilveiraNeto,Per Runeson, Ivan do Carmo Machado,Eduardo Santana de Almeida,SilvioRomero de LemosMeira,and EmelieEngstr6m
21 The Pragmatic Architect
Gardening Your Architecture, Part2: Reengineering and RewritingFrankBuschmann
24 ImpactSoftware MileageMichiel van Genuchten and Les Hatton
86 Software TechnologyTest ManagementPanos Louridas
92 RequirementsRequirementsTraceryOlly Gotel and Stephen Morris
96 Tools of the TradeFakingItDiomidis Spinellis
Q For more information on eomputingcopies, visit the Computer Soeiety DigitalLibrary at www.eomputer.org/esdI.
EDITOR IN CHIEFForrestShull
[email protected] IN CHIEFEMERITUS:
Hakan Erdogmus,KalemunResearch
ASSOCIATEEDITORS IN CHIEF
Computing Now: Maurizio Morisio,
Politecnico di Torino; [email protected]
Design/Architecture: Uwe Zdun,
University01Vienna; [email protected]
DevelopmentInlrastructuresandTools:ThomasZimmermann,MicrosoftResearch;
DistributedandEnterpriseSoftware:JohnGrundy,SwinburneUniversityofTechnology;
EmpiricalStudies:ToreDyba,SINTEF;[email protected].
InsightsandExperienceReports:LindaRising,consultant;[email protected]
HumanandSocialAspects:Margaret-Anne(Peggy)Storey,University01Victoria,
Canada;[email protected]
Management:JohnFavaro,Intecs;[email protected]
ProgrammingLanguagesandParadigms:LaurenceTrall,MiddlesexUniversity;[email protected]
Processes:WollgangStrigel,consultan!;[email protected]
Quality:AnnieCombelles,DNVlQ-Labs;[email protected]
Requirements:NeilMaiden,CityUniversityLondon;[email protected]
JaneCleland-Huang,DePaulUniversity;[email protected]
DEPARTMENT EDITORSBookshell:ArtSedighi,SoftModule
CareerDevelopment:PhilippeKruchten,University01BritishColumbia
Impact:MichielvanGenuchten,OpenDigitalDentistry
LesHallon,KingstonUniversity
OnArchitecture:GradyBooch,IBMResearchPragmaticArchitect:FrankBuschmann,Siemens
Requirements:NeilMaiden,CilyUniversityLondonSoftwareTechnology:ChristolEbert,Vector
Tools01theTrade:DiomidisSpineilis,AthensUniversity01EconomicsandBusiness
Voice01Evidence:ToreDyb1\,SINTEFHelenSharp,TheOpenUniversity
ADVISORY BOARDFrances Paulisch,Siemens (Chair)
Pekka Abrahamsson, FreeUniversity01Bozen-Bolzano
Ayse Basar Bener, RyersonUniversity
Jan Bosch, ChalmersUniv.01Technology
Taku FUjii,Osaka Gas Inlormation
System Research Institute
Robert L. Glass,ComputingTrends
Kevlin Henney,consultant
Gregor Hohpe,Google
Dorothy McKinney,Lockhead Martin SpaceSystems
Grigori Melnik, Microsoft
Ipek Ozkaya,Software EngineeringInstitute
Wollgang Strigel, consultant
DouglasR. Vogel, City Univ.01Hong Kong
Markus V6lter, consultant
RebeccaWirls-Brock, Wirls-Brock Associates
-"..;j.!, ,~"
'
. .
.
... p .¡;""'W.
;.1.. ~~.. ,. _."" k~¡;¡~p"
TechnologyandSoci~tyA PUBlICATION OF THE IEEESOClETY ON SOCIAL IMPlICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
VOLUME 30 I NUM~ER 3 I FALL2011 I http://ieeessit.org/technology_and_society/
SPECIALISSUEON ISTAS2010:THE FALLOUTFROM EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESGuest Editors: Katina Michael and M.G. Michael
DEPARTMENTS
3 President's Message
4 News
5 Book Reviews
12 Corrections
13 Special Issue Preface
SPECIAL ISSUE FEATURES
18 ID Scanners in the Australian Night-Time Economy *DarrenPalmer,lan Warren,andPeterMiller
25 WorkplaceConsequencesof ElectronicExhibitionismand Voyeurism*
WilliamA. Herbert
34 Continuous RFID-Enabled Authentication: Privacy Implications*StanKurkovsky,EwaSyta,and BernardoCasano,
42 Regulating Beyond Nanotechnology*LyriaBennettMoses
49 Cyborg Rights *
RogerClarke
FEATU RES
58 Privacy in the Age of Google and FacebookCatherineDwyer
*Refereed articles.
(over image: Istock.
Digilal Objeclldentifier 10.//09/MTS.2011.942284
sPectrum
ONLlNE WEBINARS & RESOURCES
4 October InCalifornia: The IEEEEmerglng Technology ForumSeries: SUlcon Valley's Impacton the Automotlve Industry
20 October: Plasma ModellngWlth COMSOL Multlphyslcs
24 October In California: TheEmerglng Technology ForumSeries: Relnventlng Infrastructurefor Hlgh Speed Ralt
27 October: Slmulatlon of VacuumElectronlcs Devlces Uslng VORPAL
Requlrements Management'sKey Role In the Nuclear Industry
Modellng and Slmulatlon ofHEV and EV Power Electronlcs
Teachlng Control Systemsto Future Englneers
Systems Englneerlng: 1'woPerspectlves on a DomalnThat 15No Longer Optlonal
PMU Technology for DynamlcCondltlons In Dlstrlbutlon
Slmulatlon of ElectrodeposltlonProcesses Uslng COMSOL
New product release IIbrary:http://spectrum.ieee.org/statlc/new-product-release-lIbrary
volume 48 number 10 north american
l o .ll- ---
SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG AVAILABLE 1 OCTOBER
OfWhales and Wind TurbinesWhen you think windturbines, you probablydon't think whales. Butby incorporating somestructures inspired byhumpback whale fins,one firm has built muchmore efficient turbines.And by copying the wayfish swim in schools, aseparate research teamhas figured out how topack more turbines into wind farms. Such biomimicrycould contribute to more affordable renewable energy.
TH EINSTITUTE.I EEE.ORG AVAILABLE 70CTOBER
THE IEEE J08 SITE CELE8RATES10 YEARS It's been a decadesince IEEElaunched its job sitefor members, and the service hasnever been so needed. There are all
sorts of features to help membersfind a job. And more than 5000employers use the site to post openpositlons-about 1300 everymonth.
WEBINARS EXPLORE RISKMANAGEMENT The demandfor engineers familiar wlth riskmanagement 15high, yet fewhave the training. To beef upIEEE members' knowledge ofthe field and boost thefr careeropportunities, IEEE-USA has rolledout a slx-part webinar on the topic.
CUTTING DOWN ON SPAM Despitee-mail filters. spam has becomean annoying part of our daily lives.But a group of researchers hasfound a way to help cut down one-mail junk-by hittlng spammerswhere it hurts most: their wallets.
-- --- --
AVAILABLE Al http://spectrum.ieee.org/weblnar---
Smart-Grld ControlSystems: Movlng Towardsa Self-Heallng Grld
The Inslght You Want, theData You Need: TransformlngInslghts Into Actlon
~~lEI
~INIT1ATMICertifiedChainDICustoctv"==-- ~Prinled wilh
inks containing5fYfancllor
.. vegetable oils
IEEE SPECTRUM (ISSN 0018-9235) Is pubtlshed monthly bv 1he lnstItute 01 Electrlcal and Bectronlcs Englneers.lnc. Al! rlghts reserved e 2011 by1he Instttute 01 Electrical and EIectronIcs
Englneers,ne., 3 ParlcAvenue.NewYork,NY10016-5997.U.SA The editorialcantent 01 IEEESpectrum magazine does not represent offIclalpos/tlons 01,he IEEEor Itsorganlzat1onaluntts.Canadlan Post Intematlonal PubllcaUons Mal! (Canadlan DlstTlbutlon) Sales Agreement No. 40013087. Return undellverableCanadlan addresses to: Clrcutatlon Department.IEEE Spectrum,Box 1051, Fort ErIe, ON L2A 6C1. Cabte address: ITRIPLEE. Fax: +1212 419 7570. INTERNET: [email protected]:IEEEMembers:$21.401ncIudedlndues.Ubrarlesllns'ltuttons: $399. POSTMASTER:Please send address changes to IEEESpectrum, CIDCodlngDepartment.IEEEServIceCenter,445 Hoes lane. Box1331.Plscataway.NJ08855. PerIodIcaIspastage pald at New York. NV.and addItlonal maHIng offices. Canadlan GST #125634188. Prlnted at 120 DonneIley 01'..GIasIpN. KV42141-1060. U.5.A. IEEESpect1u'n clrculatlon Is aucllteclby BPAWorIdwIde.IEEESpectrun Isa men"ber 01AmerIcanBusInessMedia.the MagazInePubllshersof AmertCa.and AssoclatlonMedIa&Pub!.Ist*1g.IEEEprohlbltsdlscl1r1W1atlon.harassment. and bullylng.For more Informatlon.vlsIthttp://www.Ieee.orglwebfa~1des/p9-26.htmL
SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG OCTOBER2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . NA 3
UPDATE DEPARTMENTS
11TRADING AT THE 4 BACK STORYSPEED OF LlGHT Our executive editor getsThe speed of financial his shoes on the ground intransactions is reaching Afghanistan to report onits theoreticallimits. electrical reconstruction efforts.By David Schneider 6 CONTRIBUTORS13 KILLER APPS FORFAST NETWORKS 20 THE BIG PICTURE
A new tidal energy turbine in14 COMMENTARY: Ireland produces electricity bySTEVE JOBS IN 4 STEPS going with the flow.
16 ROBOT DIARIES 22 HANDS ON
18 SHOE POWERCreate your own closed-captioning system wlth an
OPINIONon-screen-display generator.By David Schneider
8 SPECTRAL LINES24 TOOLS & TOYS
The effort to improveNew technologies are makingLCDs even thinner.lighter,
Afghanistan's electrical and cheaper. By Alfred Poorinfrastructure has beeneven more troubled than 26 PROFILEthe one in Iraq. A 13-year-old programmerBYSusan Hassler teaches us a thing or two about
28 TECHNICALLYphilanthropy. By Susan Karlln
SPEAKING 84 THE DATA
To integrate the digital What are the top programmlngworld and the real one, languages? It depends on
ii::Iwe need so me new who's asking. By Rltchie S. Klngwords. By Paul McFedrles
Vol. 30, No. 5
Ore: @ Blizzard Entertainment
Boy courtesy 01 Craig Causer
EditorialBoard
Editor-in-ChiefElizabeth T.B. Johnston
Design Alaska, Inc.Student Editor
Sachin SethGeorgia Institute 01Technology
Associate EditorsRegina Hannemann
University 01 Kentucky
Suzanne RivoireSonoma State University
David Zihe TianCarnegie Mellon University
Ravi M. TodiIBM Microelectronics
Kim W. TracyNortheastern lIIinois University
George W. ZobristMissouri University 01 Science
and Technology-Rolla
5taff
Craig CauserManaging Editor
Geraldine Krolln-TaylorSenior Managing Editor
Janet DudarSenior Art Director
Gail A. SchnitzerAssistant Art Director
Theresa L. SmithProduction Coordinator
Susan SchneidermanBusiness Development Manager
+17325623946 Fax: +17329811855
Fellcia SpagnollAdvertising Production Manager
Dawn M. MelleyEditorial Director
Peter M. TuohyProduction Director
Fran ZappullaStaff Director, Publishing Operations
Advisory(ommilleeElizabeth T.B.Johnston, Chair
(Potentials Ele)
Howard E. Michel (MGA Chair)
Darrel Chong (SAC Chair)Cecella Jankowski
(MGA Managing Director)
Dlgltal Object ldentifler lO.1109/MPOT2011.942334
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2011
~at~eQ~ialsfor high-tech innovators
Wanted: Social Computing Collaborations
4 Social wrangling on the wild,wildWebCraig Causer
5 The early age of social computingDonald L. Bitzer
9 The art of warCraig Causer
15 WikiTeams: How do they achieve success?Piotr Turek, Adam Wierzbicki,Radostaw Nielek, and Anwitaman Datta
21 Player and team performancein EverQuest 11and Halo3KyongJin Shim, Samarth Damania,ColinDeLong,and Jaideep Srivastava
27 Leadership and success factorsin online creative collaborationKurt Luther and Amy Bruckman
33 Intelligence in human computation gamesYanCao
35 Guanxi in the Ghinese Web-A study of mutual linkingLouis LeíYu and Valerie King
42 Beyond the share button: Making socialnetwork sites work for health and wellnessSean Munson
Departments
AAPEX~.. .....
AWAltDS rOR
PUBLICATION EXCE.LLENCE
3 editorial
3 thewayahead48 gamesman
CVR3 SACe-mail
1
..-
IEEE j~< --'. September 2011, Vol. 49, No. 9
OITlllUiJunicationswww.comsoc.org MAGAZINE
Director of MagazinesAndrzej Jajszczyk, AGH U. of Sci. & Tech. (Poland)
Editor-in-Chief
Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Ine. (USA)Associate Editor-in-Chief
Sean Moore, Centripetal Networks (USA)
Senior Technical Editors
Tom Chen, Swansea University (UK)Nim Cheung, ASTRI (China)
Nelson Fonseea, State Univ. of Campinas (Brazil)Peter T. S. Yum, The Chinese U. Hong Kong (China)
Technical Editors
Sonia Aissa, Univ. of Quebee (Canada)Mohammed Atiquzzaman, U. of Oklahoma (USA)
Paolo Bellavista, DEIS (Italy)Tee-Hiang Cheng, Nanyang Teeh. U. (Rep. Singapore)Sudhir S. Dixit, Hewlett-Paekard Labs India (India)
Stefano Galli, ASSIA, Ine. (USA)Joan Garcia-Haro, Poly. U. of Cartagena (Spain)
Admela Jukan, Teeh. Univ. Carolo- Wilhelmina zuBraunsehweig (Germany)
Vimal Kumar Khanna, mCalibre Teehnologies (India)Janusz Konrad, Boston University (USA)
Deep Medhi, Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City (USA)Nader F. Mir, San Jose State Univ. (USA)
Amitabh Mishra, Johns Hopkins University (USA)Seshradi Mohan, University of Arkansas (USA)
Glenn Parsons, Ericsson Canada (Canada)Joel Rodrigues, Univ. of Beira Interior (Portugal)
Jungwoo Ryoo, The Penn. State Univ.-AItoona (USA)Hady Salloum, Stevens Institute of Teeh. (USA)Antonio Sánehez Esguevillas, Telefonica (Spain)
Dan Keun Sung, Korea Adv. Ins!. Sci. & Teeh. (Korea)Danny Tsang, Hong Kong U. of Sci. & Tech. (Japan)
Chonggang Wang, InterDigital Commun., LLC (USA)Alexander M. Wyg1inski,Worcester poly. Institute (USA)
Series Editors
Ad Hoe and SensorNelWorksEdoardo Biagioni, U. of Hawaii, Manoa (USA)
Silvia Giordano, Univ. of App. Sci. (Switzerland)Automotive NelWorkingand Applieations
Wai Chen, Te1cordia Teehnologies, Ine (USA)Luca Delgrossi, Mercedes-Benz R&D N.A (USA)
Timo Koseh, BMW Group (Germany)Tadao Saito, University of Tokyo (Japan)Consumer Communieatons and NelWorking
Madjid Merabti, Liverpool John Moores U. (UK)Mario Kolberg, University of Sterling (UK)
Stan Moyer, Telcordia (USA)Design & Implementation
Sean Moore, Avaya (USA)Salvatore Loreto, Ericsson Researeh (Finland)
Integrated Circuitsfor CommunieationsCharles Chien (USA)
Zhiwei Xu, SST Communieation Ine. (USA)Stephen Molloy, Qua1comm (USA)
Network and ServieeManagement SeriesGeorge Pavlou, U. College London (UK)
Aiko Pras, U. ofTwente (The Netherlands)NelWorking Testing Series
Yingdar Lin, National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)Erica Johnson, University of New Hampshire (USA)Tom MeBeath, Spirent Communieations Ine. (USA)
Eduardo Joo, Empirix Ine. (USA)Topies in Optical Communieations
Hideo Kuwahara, Fujitsu Laboratories, LId. (Japan)Osman Gebizlioglu, Telcordia Teebnologies (USA)
John Speneer, Optelian (USA)Vijay Jain, Verizon (USA)
TopiesinRadioCommunkationsJoseph B. Evans, U. of Kansas (USA)
Zaran Zvonar, MediaTek (USA)Standards
Yoiehi Maeda, NTT Adv. Teeh. Corp. (Japan)Mostafa Hashem Sherif, AT&T (USA)
Columns
Book ReviewsPiotr Cholda, AGH U. of Sei. & Teeh. (Poland)
History of CommunieationsSteve Weinsten (USA)
Regulatory and Policr. IssuesJ. Seott Mareus, WIK (Gerrnany)
Jon M. Peha, Carnegie Mellon U. (USA)Teehnology Leaders' Forum
Steve Weinstein (USA)Very Large Projeets
Ken Young, Telcordia Teehnologies (USA)Publications Staff
Joseph Milizzo, Assistant PublisherEne Levine, Associate Publisher
Susan Lange, Online Produetion Mana,gerJennifer Poreello, Produetion Speciahst
Catherine Kemelmaeher, Associate Editor
~ ~ IEEE.IEEE ~ COMMUNICATIONS. =. SOCIETV
...
September 2011, Vol. 49, No. 9
www.comsoc.org/--ci
QpTICAL FIBER-WIRELESSACCESS NETWORKS:ARCHITECTURESAND PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENTS
SERIES EDITORS: OSMAN S. GEBIZUOGLU.HIDEO KUWAHARA,VUAYJAlN, AND JOHN SPENCER
36 GUEST EDITORIAL
38 NETWORK CODING IN NEXT-GENERATION PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS
The authors introduce the basic principies of NC and discuss their applicability toNG-PONs, with a focus on layer 2 design, Their example iIIustrations and simulationsdemonstrate significant potential performance improvements in various NG-PONscenarios while clarifying some underlying topological constraints of NC.KERIMFOULI,MARTINMAIER.ANDMURIELMÉDARD -
48 POWERING THE TELEPHONE OVER OPTICAL LINKS FOR HIGH AVAILABILlTY, LowCOST, AND SMALL CARBON FOOTPRINT
Providing power from the central office to telephone apparatus is used in copper-based systemsto achieve high availability, low costoand low electricity powerconsumption. It is feasible to power the telephone at customer premises optically bysending optical power over the optical fiber connection.SALAHAL-CHALABI
56 INDOOR OPTlCAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION: POTENTIAL AND STATE-OF-THE-ART
In recent years, interest in optical wireless (OW) as a promising complementarytechnology for RFtechnology has gained new momentum fueled by significantdeployments in sol id state lighting technology, The authors review recent advancementsin OW communication. with the main focus on indoor deployment scenarios.HANYELGALA,RAEDMESLEH,AND HARALDHAAS
64 HIERARCHICAL FRAME AGGREGATlON TECHNIQUES FOR HVBRID FIBER-WIRELESS
ACCESS NETWORKS
The authors consider the medium access control enhancements of emerginghigh-throughput WLANs and introduce a novel fiber-wireless (FiWi) backhaulnetwork architecture that integrates the next-generation WLAN-based wirelessmesh network and Ethernet passive optical network.NAVIDGHAZISAIDIAND MARTINMAIER
01
TOPICS IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONSSERIES EDITORS: JOSEPH EVANS AND ZORAN ZVONAR
74 GUEST EDITORIAL
76 ALOE: AN OPEN-SOURCE SDR EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT WITH COGNITIVECOMPUTING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CAPABILlTIES
Future radio transceivers will offer more functionalities and system features forpotentiating flexibleand reconfigurable radio access networks. Sinceflexibilityinthis case comes at a price of computing resource overhead. The authors propose aconceptually simple though powerful framework for digital signal processingapplications.ISMAEL GOMEZ. VUK MAROJEVIC. AND ANTONI GELONCH
84 IMPACT OF POLLlNG ON BLUETOOTH PICONET PERFORMANCE
Bluetooth has become a ubiquitous technology present in almost every electronicdevice. A question often asked by manufacturers and final users is whether it canbe used for uses other than the ones for which it was designed with the fewestmodifications in the implementation of the protocol. The authors analyze theimpact on performance"Ofthe lowest levelsof the Bluetooth architecture through arelevant parameter known as the polling time.DAVID CONTRERASAND MARIO CASTRO
90 CONTROL OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND USER FAIRNESS
IN WIRELESSNETWORKSUSINGUTlLlTY-BASEDADAPTIVERESOURCEALLOCATIONThe authorsaddressthe fundamentalproblemof the trade-offbetweenresourceefficiency and user fairness in wireless networks that use opportunistic radioresource allocation, The concept of managing the trade-off by controlling thesystem fairness index is applied. In order to do that. two adaptive utility-basedresource allocation frameworks are proposed.EMANUELB. RODRIGUESAND FERNANDOCASADEVALL
ForRegl762!
..
2011 Communications SocietyElected Officers
Byeong Gi Lee, PresidentVijay Bhargava, President-Elect
Mark Karol, IP- Technical ActivitiesKhaled B. Letaief, IP-Conferences
Sergio Benedetto, IP-Member RelationsLeonard Cimini, IP-Publicaticns
Members-at-LargeClass of 2011
Robert Fish, Joseph EvansNelson Fonseca, Michele Zorzi
Class of 2012
Stefano Bregni, V. ChanIwao Sasase, Sarah K. Wilson
Class of 2013
Gerhard Fettweis, Stefano GamRobert Shapiro, Moe Win
2011 IEEE OfficersMoshe Kam, President
Gordon W. Day, President-ElectRoger D. Pollard, Secretary
Harold L. Aescher, TreasurerPedro A. Ray, Past-Presiden!
E. James Prendergast, Executive DirectorNim Cheung, Director, Division III
IEEECOMMUNICATIONSMAGAZINE(ISSN 0163-6804) is published monthly by The Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.Headquarters address: IEEE, 3 Park Avenue, 17thFloor, New York, NY 10016-5997,USA; tel: +1-212-705-8900;http://www.comsoc.orglci.Responsibility forthe contents rests upon authors of signed artieles andnot the IEEE or its members. Unless otherwise sped-fied, the IEEE neither endorses nor sanctions any posi-tions or actions espoused in IEEE CommunicationsMagazine.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: $27 per year print subscrip-tion. $16 per year digital subscription. Non-member printsubscription: $400. Single copy price is $25.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: Address to: Editor-in-Chief, Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, lnc., 10565 S.W.Nimbus Avenue, Portland, OR 97223; tel: +(503) 431-7440, e-mail: steve...J¡[email protected].
COPVRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSIONS:
Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Librariesare permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S.Copyright law for private use of patrons: those post-1977articles that cany a code on the bottom of Ibe fIrst page pro-vided the per copy fee indicated in the code is paid throughthe Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923. For other copying, reprint, or republi-cation permission, write to Director, Publishing Services,at IEEE Headquarters. All rights reserved. Copyright @2011byThe lnstitute of Electrical and Electronies Engineers, lnc.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to IEEECommunications Magazine, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331. GST Registration No.125634188. Printed in USA. Periodicals postage paid at NewYork, NY and at additional mailing offices. Canadian Postlnternational Publications Mail (Canadian Distribution)Sales Agreement No. 40030962. Return undeliverableCanadian addresses to: Frontier, PO Box 1051, 1031 HelenaStreet, Fort Eire, ON L2A 6C7
SUBSCRIPTIONS, orders, address changes - IEEEService Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ08855-1331, USA; tel: +1-732-981-0060; e-mail:[email protected].
ADVERTISING:Advertising is accepted at the dis-cretion of the publisher. Address correspondence to:AdvertisingManager, IEEE Communil:ationsMagazine,3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
SUBMISSIONS:The magazine welcomes tutorial orsurvey artieles that span the breadth of communica-tions. Submissionswill norrnallybe approximately4500words, with few mathematical formulas, accompaniedby up to six figures and/or tables, with up to 10careful-Iy selected references. Electronic submissionsare pre-ferred, and should be sumitted through ManuscriptCentral http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/commag-ieee.Instructions can be found at the following:http://dl.com-soc.org/livepubslcil/info/subpidelines.html. For furtherinformation contact Sean Moore, Associate Editor-in-Chief ([email protected]). AII submissionswill bepeer reviewed.
COMMUNICATIONS MIDDLEWAREFORMOBILE DEVICESAND ApPLlCATIONS
GUESTEDITORS:GURUDUTHS.BANAVAR,PAOLOBELlAVISTA,RAvlKOTHARJ,ANDNAUNIVENKATASUBRAMANIAN
100 GUEST EDITORIAL
103 GENERIC INTERFACE ARCHITECTURE SUPPORTlNG COGNITIVE RESOURCEMANAGEMENTIN FUTUREWIRELESSNETWORKSThe authors present a new generic interface and APIarchitecture that has beendeveloped and prototyped in several different wireless platforms.MAHESH SOORIYABANDARA, TIM FARNHAM, PETRI MÁHÓNEN, MARINA PETROVA,
JANNE RIIHIJÁRVI, AND ZHOU WANG
114 USING AN OPEN-SOURCE IEEE802.21 IMPLEMENTATION FOR NETWORK-BASEDLOCALlZEDMOBILlTYMANAGEMENTThe authors present ODTONE, an IEEE802.21 implementation that is operating-system-independent and open source, and offers a novel approach to interfacingwith different link layers that facilitates the deployment of IEEE802.21 mobilitymechanisms in multiple scenarios.DANIEL CORUJO, CARLOS GUIMARAES, BRUNO SANTOS, ANDRUIL.AGUIAR
124 PUBLlSH/SUBSCRIBE DELAY-TOLERANT MESSAGE-ORIENTED MIDDLEWARE FORRESILlENT COMMUNICATIONThe authors describe a mobile middleware architecture using delay-tolerantnetwork(DTN)technology,and publish/subscribeconcepts.PENG JIANG, JOHN BIGHAM, ELlANE BODANESE, AND EMMANUEL CLAUDEL
132 A CONTEXT REALlZATION FRAMEWORK FOR UBIQUITOUS ApPLlCATIONS WITHRUNTIMESUPPORTContext awareness makes information technology invisible and seamless to people'sdaily living. As a result, numerous context frameworks have been developed forsimplifying the development of context-aware applications by providing low-Ievelcontext data operations such as acquisitions and simple aggregations in terms ofAPls or toolkits. These frameworks are still falling short in requiring developers toexplicitly deal with context-related tasks such as constraint enforcement in theapplication code. The authors present a framework to bridge the gap.JIANZHU,HUNGKENGPUNG,MOHAMMADOLIVA,ANDWAI CHOONGWONG
TOPICS IN NETWORK TESTINGGUESTEDITORS:YING-DAR UN, ERICAJOHNSON,AND EDUARDOJoo
GUEST EDITORIAL
MEASURING THE BITTORRENT ECOSYSTEM: TECHNIQUES, TIPS, AND TRICKS
BitTorrent is the most successful peer-to-peer application. In recent years theresearch community has studied the BitTorrent ecosystem by collecting data fromreal BitTorrent swarms using different measurement techniques. The authorspresent the first survey of these techniques.MICHALKRVCZKA,RUBÉNC'!EVAS,CARMENGUERRERO,ARTUROAzCORRA,ANDANGELCUEVASOEFMON: AN OPENEVALUATlONFRAMEWORKFORMULTIMEDIAOVERNETWORKSThe authors pro pos OEFMON, an open framework for evaluating the qua lity ofmultimedia transmissions over networks.CHUNHOLEE,MVUNGCHULKIM,SOONJ. HYUN,SOOVONGLEE,BENLEE,ANDKVOUNGHEELEE
IN PURSUITOFMASSIVESERVICEEMULATION:A METHODOLOGYFORTESTBEDBUILDINGEvery day, more servicesin the Internet are being massivelyused, while networkoperators struggle to maiFltaintheir performance. Since simulations are not alwaysaccurate and evaluation prior to deployment is a must, it is often convenient tobuild an emulation testbed to test these servicesin more realistic environments.ALBERTOÁLVAREZ,ROBERTOGARCIA,SERGIOCABRERO,XABIELG. PAÑEDA,DAVIDMELENDI,AND RAFAELOREA
142144
153
162
169ACCEPTEDFROM OPEN CALL
ACHIEVINGAIRTIMEFAIRNESSOFDELAY-SENSITIVEApPLlCATIONSIN MULTIRATEIEEE802.11 WIRELESSLANsIn multirate IEEE802.11 wireless LANs,performance anomaly is a well-studiedproblem. Most existing solutions try to solve this problem by achieving airtimefairness. However, these solutions tend to increase the frame delay of so mestations. If these stations run delay-sensitiveapplications, e.g., VolPand videoconferences, their qua lity of service would be seriously degraded. The authorsintroduce and classify the existing solutions.POCHIANGLIN,Wu-I CHOU,ANDTSUNGNANUN
President's PageCertification ComerBook ReviewsNew Products
6 Conference Preview/lCC 201218 Product Spotlights20 Global Communications Newsletter22 Advertisers' Index
262831
176
.