Warm-up #8.1 (12.3)1. Why did Kublai
Khan favor Mongols and foreigners for government jobs?
2. Which Mongolian practice did Kublai Khan end?
3. What did the kamikaze do for Japan?
1. They did not have local loyalties
2. Nomadic way of life
3. Stopped the Mongol invasion
The Muslim World Expands
(1300-1700)
Chapter 18
Section 1 – Ottomans Build an Empire
Turks Move to ByzantiumThe Anatolian Turks
saw themselves as ghazis (warriors for Islam)Formed strict societies
under Islamic lawTargeted non-Islamic
societiesOsman will be the
most powerful of the ghazis (where the name Ottoman comes from)
Ottoman Empire GrowsReasons for success:
gunpowder (muskets and cannons)
Acted kind to conquered people (improved most people’s lives)
Osman’s son declares himself sultan (“overlord”) in 1361 and destroys the 2nd greatest Byzantine city
Brief interruption in early 1400s by Timur the Lame (Central Asian)
Mehmed IIWith Timur turned back,
Ottoman sons fight for control (Mehmed I wins)
Mehmed II takes power in 1451 and attacks Constantinople in 1453Brilliant strategy
allowed them to take the city
He will invite in many of all religions & backgrounds to rebuild the city (renames it Istanbul)
Ottoman’s Take Religious Cities
Mehmed’s grandson (Selim) sought to continue expansion.
Went south into the Middle East where he captures Mecca, Medina, and Cairo.
Suleyman the Magnificent(1520)Took the Ottoman
Empire to its peak. rules for 46 years
Great military leaderExpands the empire
in all three regions (Europe, Middle East, and Africa)
Controlled the eastern Mediterranean
Organization of Suleyman Perhaps Suleyman’s greatest
achievement was the social structure he created Legal code for criminal and
civil issues Simplified taxes Used the devshirme (boys
from conquered Christian lands) to create elite fighters (janissaries)
Brightest could rise in the ranks Left conquered people to
govern themselves (especially “People of the Book”)
Under Suleyman, architecture, the arts, and literature will all flourish
The Empires DeclineSuleyman had
killed/driven off his two most able sons
His 3rd son took power but was weak
Began a practice that insured incompetent leadersNew leader would kill
his brothers and keep his children locked away
Complete the Chapter 18 – Section 1 WorksheetPage 507
Complete the Chapter 18 CrosswordBegin working on “Global Interactions” USA
TestPrep QuizDUE FRIDAY
And now…
Warm-up #8.2 (18.1)4. How were ghazis and
janissaries similar?5. What was the purpose
of the devshirme?6. What did Mehmed II do
after conquering Constantinople?
7. Which Ottoman leader is known for bringing the Arabian peninsula under Ottoman control?
4. They were warriors
5. Turn Christian boys into Muslim soldiers
6. Opened the city to people from different cultures
7. Suleyman the Magnificent
Section 2 – Cultural Blending
Patterns of Blending: CausesMigrationPursuit of
religious freedom or conversion
TradeConquest
Societies that are expanding, like the Ottomans, often are the result of all but migration
Patterns of Blending: ResultsLanguageReligionGovernment StylesRacial blendingArts and Education
Case Study: The SafavidsNamed after their
greatest leader, the Safavids inhabited the Iranian region of the Middle East in the 15th centuryBecame a home to Shi’a
MuslimsBuild a huge army to
protect against conquestEventually used that
army to attack enemies
Isma’ilThe 12 year old
military leader conquered most of what is now Iran in 1499.Used the title of Shah
(king)Made Shi’a Islam the
state religionExecuted non-converts
and Sunni MuslimsThe Ottomans (Sunni)
will execute the Shi’a in response
Safavid Golden AgeUnder Shah Abbas (1587),
the government was reformed and a golden age was entered 2 militaries, both loyal to
him Punished corruption Merit based promotion Used religious tolerance
to promote tradeHe takes the best from
different cultures at the time Ottomans/Europeans :
technology Persians : literature and
language
A Quick CollapseJust like the
Ottoman Empire, Shah Abbas, the greatest Safavid leader, made the worst mistake: he blinded or killed his best sonsAn incompetent
grandson took power and the collapse was quick
Finish the Chapter 18 CrosswordI will check on these at the end of class
Begin working on “Global Interactions” USA TestPrep QuizDUE TOMORROW
Work on the Unit 2B Study GuideUnit 2B Notebook (due Tuesday)
Study GuideNotesVocab (Chapters 11, 12, 18)Worksheets (Chapters 11, 12, 18)
And now…
Section 3: The Mughal Empire
Mughal HistoryMughals were
descendants of the Mongols that had stayed in India
The region had been through centuries of war between Hindus and Turkish Muslims (Mughals) with the Indus being the dividing lineAround 1000, Sultan
Mahmud (Muslim) devastated India. This began the…
Delhi Sultanate33 sultans ruled for 300 years of
disorganization in IndiaDelhi was the capital but the people were very
dividedIn 1494, Babur becomes the leader of one of
the northern kingdomsHis leadership lays the foundation for defeating
the Sultanate
Akbar (1556-1605): RulingGrandson of Babur, he was
known for ruling with wisdom and tolerance
Military Empowered conquered
militaries to keep them to turn enemies into allies
Ruling Encouraged cultural
blending (married Hindus, a Christian, and a Muslim)
Used a bureaucracy made up of a variety of people
His merging of different religions will become known as the Divine Faith
Akbar blends culturesAs the Mughal
Empire expanded, Akbar welcome outside cultures
Arts and literature were also greatly advanced under Akbar
Jahangir (1605-27)Akbar’s son allowed
his wife, Nur Jahan (also a Persian princess), to rule
The prince that was supposed to rule rebelled too soon and was forced to flee to the SikhsTheir leader will be
tortured to death and they become a target of hatred for the Mughals
Shah Jahan (1628-58)Paranoid about
competition, he killed all possible rivals
Had 2 passionsBeautiful buildingsHis wifeResult:
Taj Mahal was built as a memorial for her early death (1631) as a result of her 14th child
While he was building impressive structures, his people were suffering
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)Shah Jahan’s death led to a
fight between his four sons for control. 3rd son, Aurangzeb, wonKilled the oldest brother and
imprisoned his dad for the 3 years it took for him to die.
During his 50 year rule, he expands the Mughal Empire to its greatest size but power declinedOppressed the people and
increased taxesIntolerant of non-MuslimsHis people starved while he
waged war
The fall of the MughalsAurangzeb’s horrible
policies + military campaigns drained the resources of the empire.Local leaders became
more powerfulThe non-violent Sikhs
turn into a militant group
While technically in control, the Mughals had no real authority. By the late 1600s, Europeans were starting to invade