Yunji, Hanna and Ed welcomes you to the world of

Middle East in the 1700s

•Bahrain •Iran •Iraq•Israel/Occupied Territories•Jordan •Kuwait•Lebanon •Palestinian Authority•Saudi Arabia •Syria•UAE•Yemen •Cyprus•Egypt•Oman•Qatar•Saudi Arabia •Turkey

So much to explore: Middle EastSo much to explore: Middle East• Some are famous for being wealthy with oil Some are famous for being wealthy with oil

sources sources

• Back in 1700s, only empires were in Back in 1700s, only empires were in existent existent

•One of the biggest, powerful empire was the One of the biggest, powerful empire was the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

*Founded by Osman In 13th Century

*Now called to be Turkey

*Had control of vast areas in Middle East, North Africa, Balkan Peninsula

1.1.Geographical Geographical FeaturesFeatures

2 . Ideas/Philosophy2 . Ideas/Philosophy

•Advantage of being in the center area Advantage of being in the center area

•Able to interact with other Middle East Able to interact with other Middle East Empire as well as Europe Empire as well as Europe

•Also able to conquer themAlso able to conquer them

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•At that time, Europe and other empires/countries were not highly developed

in education fields as now

•In the Middle East, a lot of people were aware of the writing and reading in

comparison to other areas

•Not about learning history, music, interpretation of language like us, but mostly

focused on reading and writing and understanding their own language

• High developed education

•Geography of being in the center

•Trades were actively held in the Middle East leading up to overflow of

money and culture

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1.1.Geographical Geographical FeaturesFeatures

2 . Ideas/Philosophy2 . Ideas/Philosophy

• Adapted from early Persians

•Giving certain conquest areas in return of military services

•Motivated people to fight for their country

•Dealt with economy and military conquest

•Conducted under Tahrir

•Land Survey

•Keeping records of land (conquest), change in lands such as ownership

•Loaned and gave lands to people and got certain amount of taxes and work load for return

•Helped both citizens and central government, who were struggling to manage vast areas of land

•Educating/Training Slaves for government works

•Picked young Christian boys from 8-15 and trained them in subjects like military, religion, culture, social arts

•After training they were assigned roles according to their strength

•Converting soldiers to Islam

•Unified theme, motivation in military

•Helped to create the social groups of Ottoman Empire

Men of Pen Men of Pen

(judges, imams,

intellectuals)

Men of SwordMen of Sword

(military)

Men of Men of NegotiationsNegotiations

(merchants)

Men of Men of HusbandryHusbandry

(farmers)

Let’s get to know about IslamLet’s get to know about Islam • Comes from the word: Aslama (to accept)

• Believe in their God, Allah so as his prophet, Muhammad • 5 pillars of Islam

1. Shahadah: Accepting the existence of God and Muhammad as the messenger of God

1. Salah: Praying 5 times a day 2. Zakat: Helping the poor with money

4. Sawm: Ramadan, fasting 5.Hajj: pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca

Direct Influence to Middle East: Ottoman EmpireDirect Influence to Middle East: Ottoman Empire• Gender Conflicts

- not much Islamic practices/education allowed for girls- To prevent independence and interaction especially

between opposite genders

• Time of Crisis= 1700s Time of Crisis= 1700s

1.1. Internal ConflictsInternal Conflicts

• Immense amount of tax Immense amount of tax

• Corrupted practicesCorrupted practices

• Rebels- Janissaries (elite military Rebels- Janissaries (elite military soldiers)soldiers)

• Weak leadership (constant struggle of Weak leadership (constant struggle of power, murder, solutions of protection)power, murder, solutions of protection)

2. End of the Grand March 2. End of the Grand March

• Forced to withdraw from Azerbaijan and Forced to withdraw from Azerbaijan and Caucasus Caucasus

• Failed to Conquer ViennaFailed to Conquer Vienna

• Realized that there old styled in Realized that there old styled in ideas, styles, weapons, military ideas, styles, weapons, military

techniques techniques

•Tried to “fit” to the modern world Tried to “fit” to the modern world

•Built new facilities such as Built new facilities such as military school military school

•Never able to fully recoverNever able to fully recover