WP_Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution_F

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White paper

Introduction and executive summaryMobile data tra c is soaring. Examples show mobile opera-tors experiencing huge increases up to nine- old in only threemonths*. The reason? Todays highly connected users around theglobe are hungry or ever greater ows o mobile media.

Presently, the number o mobile broadband users has alreadypassed the number o xed broadband users and is expected topass 1 billion in just a ew years. With the introduction o evenhigher data rates through technologies such as HSPA+, WIMAXand ultimately LTE, the pressure is on to quickly expand thebandwidth to more than a billion users.

The problem is that conventional backhaul networks cannotafordably scale to meet this demand. In addition, the handlingo synchronization issues quickly becomes highly complex andexpensive.

From a technical point o view the ultimate destination is a back-haul network carrying voice and data services natively, individu-ally synchronized, over a cost-e cient all-Ethernet network.

How best to enable mobile backhaul networks to handle thishuge demand and help operators pro t rom the potential it

brings? Transmodes Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution o -ers transport o native TDM and Ethernet tra c simultaneously

over a single wavelength. To this can be added the possibilitiesthat come with limitless expansion using WDM (WavelengthDivision Multiplexing) in optical ber networks.

Transmode is taking advantage o the general trend towardsusing more ber in Mobile Backhaul (projections rom In onetics,see graph below) by pushing its Intelligent WDM (iWDM) tech-nology all the way to the base station.

Figure 1. The number o base stations connected by ber isexpected to grow rapidly.

In this approach, TDM and Ethernet tra c is transported withindividual synchronization, thus eliminating the need or a sepa-rate synchronization network, which is typically highly complexand demanding o capacity.

The result is a network ensuring the quality o service and the cost-e cient scalability needed or the capacity increases to come.

With a signi cant number o base stations installed, operatorswant simpler and more afordable architecture. This is whatTransmode is ofering in the Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution.

The solution provides:Cost-e cient increase o Mobile Backhaul capacity by

pushing iWDM all the way to the base station.

Multi-Service mobile access capabilities optimized

or mobile networks.

Delivery o native TDM and Ethernet transport with

individual synchronization over a single wavelength, throughan innovative iWDM transport solution.

This whitepaper describes how Transmodes Multi-Service Mobile

Backhaul Solution can be used in a mobile backhaul network, andhow it can bene t mobile operators.

How to light up the base station

*Source: Light Reading.

Native Ethernet and TDM tra c, with support or multiple individually synchronized domains delivered over asingle wavelength that stretches all the way to the base station. Is this possible? Yes and at unprecedented lowcost!


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Backhaul challengesE1/T1 has been the gold standard or the transport o voice, dataand synchronization, but E1/T1s lack the bandwidth and reli-ability needed or todays explosive demand in broadband data.Mobile operators migrating to 3G or 4G cellular networks areof-loading their broadband data onto high-bandwidth Ethernetbackhaul. However, they are also leaving E1/T1s in place or voiceservices and synchronization, while they search or a way toget all the bandwidth and cost advantages o Ethernet without jeopardizing the bene ts and per ormance o E1/T1s or voice andphysical layer timing.

Figure 2. Increased data trafc and reduced revenue per bit.

In todays data-dominant market, E1/T1 leased lines cannot solvethis challenge they lack the economics and robustness to meetmobile-operator demands.

Synchronization challengesMobile operators and network designers understand that syn-chronization is crucial or smooth handovers between sites andis there ore key to mobility. Today, the issues are even morecomplex as a single site can contain 2G, 3G and 4G base stations.In addition, operators o ten share sites, so any transport solutionconnecting a site should be able to support the cost-e cient syn-chronization o multiple networks.

The bene ts o TransmodesMulti-Service Mobile Backhaul SolutionTransmodes Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution eaturesimmediate synchronization via a resilient, high-quality timingmechanism. In addition, it provides undamental elimination o jitter and bit-error multiplication, thus ensuring a synchroniza-tion signal that meets E1 and T1 standards as well as multiplesynchronization domains, or both E1 and T1 as well as Ethernet.

Achieving e cient utilization o the backhaul network requiresconsolidation o TDM and broadband data tra c onto a singlebackhaul acility. Transmodes solution achieves this by handlingTDM tra c natively retaining all o the requisite native TDMattributes and physical layer timing delivered by E1/T1s as well asnative Ethernet.

With Transmodes Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution, theservice provider reaps the bene ts o TDM or synchronizationand voice, while achieving the bandwidth and economic returnso Ethernet. In addition, the solution eliminates the problem o stranding bandwidth through static allocation o tra c streamsdue to its high bit-rate per ormance.

Simultaneous native tra c on onewavelengthThe Transmode solution ofers exible, resilient transport o both Ethernet and TDM tra c by delivering native TDM tra csimultaneously with native Ethernet tra c over the samewavelength. The technology helps operators grow by smoothlytransitioning their mobile backhaul networks rom Time DivisionMultiplexing (TDM) to Ethernet all while providing customers

with the bandwidth they need and the line quality they expect.The solution delivers any mix o native TDM and native Ethernetover ber and is an alternative or complement to PWE3(Pseudowire Emulation Edge to Edge) transport.

Replacing and/or complementing Pseudowire? Pseudowire is a solution used by some mobile operators ortransport o voice and data services over the access networks, aswell as the optical packet core. Transmodes Multi-Service Back-haul Solution overcomes the limitations o pseudowire accessand core networks by:

Creating a ber connection that carries TDM tra c and

Ethernet tra c.Transporting TDM natively, i.e. avoiding the packetization

efect that can occur when TDM is re-packaged into IP orEthernet packets, which may afect tra c quality.

Transporting Ethernet natively.

Maintaining transparent separate synchronization or

multiple TDM and Ethernet accesses.

Eliminating the need or extensive introduction o new

OAM systems.

The Transmode Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution can beregarded as a replacement or pseudowire but also works withpseudowires, and/or as a transport or pseudowires. It can alsocomplement pseudowire over high-capacity ber-optic trans-port. The solution ofers a exible bandwidth multiplier or resilienttransport o both Ethernet and TDM tra c over ber, and deliversthe ultimate bandwidth required or a carriers typical suite o mo-bile, DSLAM backhaul, Wi-Fi and WiMAX backhaul applications.

Optimized or mobile voice and data tra cCarriers will be able to prioritize and dynamically allocate band-width to a changing mix o voice and data tra c on their ag-gregated backhaul transport acilities. As a ber-based technol-ogy, a signi cantly bigger pipe is provided, with enough exibility,

capacity and resiliency to meet service demands, now and in theuture. The Transmode Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution isoptimized or 2G, 2.5G or 3G or NxE1/T1 TDM and AsynchronousTrans er Mode (ATM)/TDM backhaul networks, enabling a seam-

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Figure 3. Transmodes Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution.

TDM quality synchronizationThe synchronization and timing-recovery aspects o pseudowireare relatively unspeci ed in the standards and are typically le t tothe implementations where some proprietary orm o adaptive ordiferential timing is used. Both adaptive timing and diferentialtiming have some disadvantages in the network and there ore posea common challenge or implementations.

The quality o the pseudowire synchronization signal is afected bymany things, including the availability o a reliable, high-qualityre erence clock over the packet access and the amount o jitter/latency on the pseudowire stream. Transmodes Multi-ServiceMobile Backhaul Solution overcomes these limitations by allowingthe use o all E1/T1 and Ethernet signals as a timing source.

The solution has the ability to multiplex and transport E1/T1 andEthernet signals while maintaining synchronization transparency.This Layer-1 multiplexing technique ensures the highest qualityclock signal by undamentally eliminating latency and jitter onEthernet tra c. Furthermore, it allows multiple Ethernet signals,with diferent high-quality re erences, to share the same wave-length channel. With this approach, the T1/E1 and Ethernet carrya physical-layer synchronization signal transporting a Stratumclock. The immediate synchronization provided by the resilient,high-quality timing mechanism, ensures a synchronization signalthat meets E1 and T1 standards, while undamentally eliminating jitter and bit-error multiplication.

The Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul ProductsThe Transmode Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution is com-prised o three parts:

Access: or collection o E1/T1 and Ethernet signals rom

Mobile Base Stations and co-located DSLAMs.

Hub: or aggregation o E1/T1 tra c rom Access nodes

into STM-1/OC-3 signals and hand-of o collected Ethernetsignals.

Backhaul: or urther transport o SDH/SONET and Ethernet

signals up to switching centers via Layer-1 and/or Layer-2solutions.

less transition to all-Ethernet RAN and 4G networks. As carriersevolve their networks rom TDM-based 2G networks to all- Ether-net 4G, they will require optimized per ormance and a seamless

transition. The Transmode solution allows a mobile operator totune its TDM-versus-Ethernet requirement at any stage o the mi-gration process. The operator thus gains complete control o theTDM to packet evolution, realizing immediate economic gains.

With Transmodes Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution, 100percent o the bandwidth on the backhaul acility is available atall times, regardless o the tra c mix currently on the network.Operators can use proven TDM timing and synchronization whilealso carrying Ethernet tra c natively. The ability to handle Eth-ernet in native ormat is a key bene t, since the data backhaulcapacity can be upgraded to multiple GbEs.

Key diferentiatorsTransparent transport o TDMThe Transmode Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution enablesa ber connection to carry TDM tra c and Ethernet tra c usingonly one wavelength. The TDM bits are transparent and thuscannot be inter ered with by Ethernet tra c. That means thedelay and jitter o TDM remain constant, regardless o what else ishappening in the network. TDM never has to wait in queue behindother (potentially many and potentially large) rames.

The absence o packetization efect results in rst-rate per-ormance with regard to latency and jitter and makes the

Transmode solution superior or transporting TDM in the accessnetwork. This advantageous approach is well suited or mobilenetwork backhaul as these networks have strict requirements onlatency and jitter or each part o the network. The cumulativeefect that the above mentioned phenomena have on a mobilenetwork is substantial, particularly when combined with the re-strictions mobile networks have in timing budgets. Transmodessolution stands out in its unique ability to success ully addressthese tough challenges.


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Cost savingsThe Transmode Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution deliversmore bandwidth than E1/T1 and lets carriers address a largermarket at lower expense. The cost synergies o using a singletransport acility or all backhaul tra c are realized, and there isno need to physically recon gure the network. Any mix o TDMand Ethernet tra c can be supported on Transmodes solution,with all bandwidth on the backhaul acility available at all times,regardless o the tra c mix.

The abilities o the Transmode solution to help carriers controlboth capital expenses as they enter into a service situation, andoperational expenses as they continue to serve the growing needso their backhaul customers, are compelling arguments. Sincethe Transmode solution does not put TDM into IP or Ethernetpackets, or Ethernet packets into TDM, the management costsand headaches o packetization delays are eliminated.

ConclusionWith the growing demand or new applications and servicecontent in xed and mobile networks, the bandwidth required

or todays services is exploding. As a result, core networks havebegun the migration rom traditional TDM-based networks toservice-rich IP/MPLS networks, thus ensuring lower CAPEX andlower OPEX.

To ully capitalize on the potential revenue and cost bene ts o next-generation networks, operators must leverage true packetin rastructure. By supporting native Ethernet and native TDM inthe access network it is possible to lower cost, simpli y deploy-

ments and migrations, and gain a more exible network or newservices, such as VoIP. To satis y these demands, Transmode isofering a Multi-Service plat orm tailored or the uture o mobileaccess.

Access - Collector nodesA number o collector nodes are provided, each designed orvarious requirements on capacity as well as number o E1/T1 andEthernet inter aces. One o the collector nodes is available in ahardened version supporting an extended temperature range.

Currently the ollowing versions are ofered:

Multi-Service Access Collector (MBA/1). Collecting 8xE1/T1

and 2x Ethernet tra c.



Multi-Service Access Collector (MBA/2e) - hardened. Collect-

ing 16xE1/T1 and 4x Ethernet tra c.

Multi-Service Access Collector (MBA/3). Collecting 4x Ether-

net tra c.



All collector nodes are 1U-high and have two line inter aces to en-able 1+1 protection con gurations towards the hub.

The line inter ace o the MBA/1 can operate at 1Gb/s or 2.5Gb/s,depending on collected capacity. The line inter ace o MBA/2,MBA/3 and MBA/4 can operate at 2.5Gb/s or 4Gb/s, depending oncollected capacity.

HubThe Hub unit has the ability to collect tra c rom up to eightunprotected collector nodes or our protected. This is a plug-in

unit that is inserted in a Transmode TM-3000 or TM-301 chassis.The hub unit maps the E1/T1 signals into STM-1/OC-3 signals orurther transport up to switching centers. The Ethernet signalsrom the access nodes are provided synch and data transparent orurther transport over a Layer-1 or synchronous Ethernet network.

Two hub units can be interconnected to enable better utilization o the STM-1/OC-3 signals.

BackhaulThe Backhaul includes both Layer-1 and Layer-2 technologies.The Transmode Layer-1 Multi-Service Muxponders providesynchronized transparent transport o multiple STM-1/OC-3signals and GbE signals over a single line signal. One o theadvantages o Transmodes Multi-Service units is their ability to

carry signals with independent synchronization sources. MultipleGbE signals with independent synchronization sources can sharethe same line signal, which difers rom a synchronous 10GbEthernet solution, or example, where all GbE ows will have thesame synchronization source.

An alternative to the Multi-Service Muxponder or Ethernettransport is Transmodes Layer-2 Ethernet Muxponder (EMXP),which can be used or Ethernet transport and aggregation in thepacket optical network. The EMXP supports GbE, 10GbE as well assynchronized Ethernet.

The speci cations and in ormation within this document are subject to change without urther notice. All statements, in ormation and recommendationsare believed to be accurate but are presented without warranty o any kind. Contact Transmode or more details.

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WP_Multi-Service Mobile Backhaul Solution_F