Making Mobile Backhaul 4G Ready Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul Solutions

Making Mobile Backhaul 4G Ready

Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul SolutionsSolutions

Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul SolutionsSolutions

3® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved

Enabling Mobile BroadbandADTRAN Mobile Backhaul Leadership

Leadership in enabling mobile services over any access– Dominant T1 backhaul provider in U.S.A.– TDM (HDSLx), SONET(OPTI-6100), Ethernet (NetVanta/TA5000)– Copper, Fiber, Microwave

Focused on Ethernet backhaul for demanding IP services– Ethernet over Fiber, GPON– Resilient architectures– Advanced Cos/ QoS features

Innovation to drive down cost of delivering IP and legacy services– Integrated tools/function to reduce cost– Automated installation processes– Simplified operational models– Packet/ Ethernet based timing


Mobile Broadband is here 10X bandwidth w/o corresponding profit

Mobile TV is here– i.TV 2.0 for iPhone coming

soon– Enjoy full NBC videos on your

iPhone– CBS releases TV.com iPhone

app– Hulu coming to the iPhone?

4G technology being deployed– Rivals Wireline Broadband

speeds– VzW deploying LTE– Sprint/Clearwire WiMAX– All WSP have 4G plans for

2010-2013Evolution from 2G 3G 4G

TV program watched on Smart Phone


Mobile Broadband hammers ProfitabilityData usage way up; disproportionate ARPU

Revenue and OpEx were once linear.– Voice and text messages drove

majority of current revenue as well as majority of backhaul impact.

All you can Eat Pricing Models drives demand to lower cost per bit delivered to user – Revenue per bit delivered is

driven to lowest levels.– Significantly expand data capacity

to enable new devices, services and applications ARPU growth

– LTE is 1st generation wireless network built as a data network

Revenues

Traffic

Gap between traffic Gap between traffic and revenue

increases

Gap between traffic

Data Dominant

Gap between traffic and revenue

increases

Revenues

Traffic

Gap between traffic Gap between traffic and revenue

increases

Gap between traffic

Data Dominant

Gap between traffic and revenue

increases

Voice Dominant

Source: Light Reading


Demand for Next-Gen Mobile Backhaul Ethernet Access Missing link to Profitability

Wireless (Mobile) Network Operators moving to Packet-networks drive down Operational CostCore Networks and Applications Infrastructure have moved to

packet, IP/MPLS upgrades.First Packet-based RF technologies being deployed at cell sites

Mobile Backhaul Access last hold-out to All-Packet Network Realization

Mobile Telephone Switching Offices (MTSO)

100s or 1000s of Base Stations served

LTE is Packet IMS and EPC are packet

Mobile Backhaul (Access) Connection needs to be Packet


Circuit Core

Hybrid Backhaul ModelBaby step toward All-IP Convergence

Key backhaul transformation required for 4G (LTE)– LTE forecast to be 80%+ of traffic, 50 – 100Mbps required– Desire to freeze, decouple TDM leased line growth

Leaves Voice Network Undisturbed - Revenue Protection– No changes to Network Timing, Operational Processes

Cell Site Access & Aggregation Central Office/Mobile Core

PSTN

Service

Packet Core

TDM/SDH

IP/Ethernet

Backhaul

Tw

o N

etw

ork

s

Internet

2G

3G

4G

PDSN

HAAccess: 2G: T1/E1 (PDH)3G: ATM IMA/PDH3G: ML-PPP/PDH4G: Ethernet over X

Aggregation: 2G: SDH/FIber3G: ATM/SDH 3G: ML-PPP/SDH4G: Ethernet over GE Fiber

Cost /bit

Scale


Key Attributes for an Ethernet NTURobust enough for Mobile Backhaul

Low Cost/Scalable Bandwidth– Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) – first choice

4G/LTE Bandwidth, 100Mbps+– 10x increase in data rate, 1Gbps through-put available

Time to Market for Service Ubiquity, – Every cell site must be served. 2011 launch– EoF not everywhere, can use alternative EoX

Allows Services Convergence– Path to all-packet architecture – Retire leased lines, integral sync capabilities

SLA Management – CoS support e.g. Real-time vs. Best-Effort

Resiliency – 99.99% service availability

Hardened for cell site deployment– Robust operating range, metallic interface protection


A Cell site is not a Wiring ClosetFlexible mounting/powering options

In BTS or eNB enclosures– Single RMU in size

In CO or Street Cabinet – NEBS, IEC compliance

In uncontrolled environments– Temperature hardened

Near Tower– Surge protected/isolated interfaces

e.g. cell site is a lightning rod

No space, rack or GR-487 cabinet– Rack as well as wall mounting

options– OSP options

+24V & -48VDC powering options– Resilient, Dual feed powering

OSP EAD

LTE eNB


Fiber cell sites grow in all regions

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13

Ce

ll S

ite

s (

M)

North America EMEA Asia Pacific CALA

The number and portion of cell sites with fiber grows in each region in each year

through 2013, and won’t stop there

11® Adtran, Inc. 2010 All rights reserved Proprietary and Confidential 11® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved

EoCu, EoTDM, EoF, EoS equals EoXCompleting the customer reach puzzle

• EoCu – Ethernet over Copper– Optimized bandwidth per loop– Perfect for short to medium length loops– Requires local deployments & loop access

• EoTDM – Ethernet over TDM– Predictable bandwidth per circuit– Time to Market effective deployments– Minimizes CapEx by centralizing aggregation

platform

• EoF - Ethernet over Fiber– Active Ethernet for higher rate business services– PON for cost-effective SOHO service offer

• EoS - Ethernet over SONET/SDH– Outstanding reputation– Resiliency– Proven TDM/Synchronization for mobile

backhaul


Same service, Varied Deployments10Mbps to 1Gbps Service Delivery

NetVanta 8044 Ethernet Access

Device (EAD)Carrier Ethernet via GigE

Total Access 5000 Carrier Ethernet

Aggregation

BTS/Node B

100Mbps or GE Optical Fiber

Mobile Exchange

NetVanta 838 OSP NTU

Typical 10, 20, 30, 40Mbps Carrier Ethernet via GigE

Total Access 5000 Carrier Ethernet

Aggregation

BTS/Node BMobile Exchange

Up to 8 pairs e.SDHSL Copper


Carrier Ethernet Service Coverage Uncontrolled Environmental Conditions

• Key Application is Mobile Backhaul

• GR-487 Compliant Hardening and Environmental sealed Outside Plant (OSP) Options

• Enhanced Protection (EP) for Lightning Isolation for WAN, LAN and Power interfaces

• Environmental Alarming

NetVanta 838 OSP

NetVanta 838 EP


Key Attributes for an Ethernet NTURobust enough for Mobile Backhaul

Low Cost/Scalable Bandwidth– Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) – first choice

4G/LTE Bandwidth, 100Mbps+– 10x increase in data rate, 1Gbps through-put available

Time to Market for Service Ubiquity, – Every cell site must be served. 2011 launch– EoF not everywhere, can use alternative EoX

Allows Services Convergence– Path to all-packet architecture – Retire leased lines, integral sync capabilities

SLA Management – CoS support e.g. Real-time vs. Best-Effort

Resiliency – 99.99% service availability

Hardened for cell site deployment– Robust operating range, metallic interface protection


Mobile Backhaul Convergence

Cell Site Access & Aggregation Central Office Core

PSTN

Service

InternetEthernet

EAD/NTE

TA5000

2G

3G

4G

IAD

2G, 3G, 4G Data

TDM/SONET

2G, 3G VoiceClock Sync

PSTN

InternetEthernet

EAD/NTE

TA5000

2G

3G

4G

IAD

2G, 3G Voice

2G, 3G, 4G Data

2G, 3G VoiceClock Sync


Pseudowire and Circuit EmulationRequired for all-IP backhaul

Bridge 2G, 3G services a.k.a Circuit Emulation or Pseudowire– ATM IMA (UMTS) support – TDM (GSM, CDMA) support– ML-PPP (EV-DO, HSPA) support

SAToP – DS1 or E1 over Packet– ITU Y.1453, RFC 4553, MEF 8

CESoPSN – DSO visibility– ITU Y.1453, IETF pwe3-cesopsn, MEF 8

ATM IMA over E1/T1– Backhaul over SAToP– ATM PW saves DCS ports

Provider IP Network

Provider Edge

Provider Edge

Customer Edge Customer Edge

Emulated T1

Pseudowire T1

Attachment Circuit: T1

Packets carry block of T1 data and RTP stamp

Ethernet

CE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE Packet CE Packet CE Packet

Timing Reference Timing Reference

Provider IP Network

Provider Edge

Provider Edge

Customer Edge Customer Edge

Emulated T1

Pseudowire T1

Attachment Circuit: T1

Packets carry block of T1 data and RTP stamp

Ethernet

CE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE PacketCE Packet CE PacketCE Packet CE PacketCE Packet

Timing ReferenceTiming Reference Timing Reference


SONET/SDH Network

Traditional Network Timing Distro Sync Networks Deliver … Sync. Very well. ;p

PrimaryReferenceSource

T1/E1

T1/E1SONET/SDH

SecondaryReference

Source

GNSS/GPS

• Frequency

• Frequency• Phase• Time-of-Day

Traceability

SONET/SDHor PDH


Three Aspects of Synchronization

Frequency – This is what SONET/SDH delivers today– All that’s needed for the vast majority of network services– Synchronous Ethernet is an excellent replacement for

SONET/SDH based sync distribution

Phase– Required by Time Division Duplex (TDD) based mobile solutions– Beyond the capabilities of PHY based sync distribution

(SONET/SDH or SyncE)– Today, typically delivered by GPS/Satellite– 1588v2 can provide this requirement in band

Time-of-Day– Required for a CDMA2000 operation– 1588v2 can provide this requirement in band


Key: Not Breaking the Sync ChainConsiderations of Migrating Standards

Timing Standard Entire Path is Sync Aware it delivers…

Implication of non-Sync-aware node

SONET/SDH/PDH Frequency Sync Path Broken

Adaptive/Differential Frequency Not dependent on full NE awareness to pass sync

Synchronous Ethernet Frequency Sync Path Broken

GPS/Satellite Frequency

Phase

Time-of-Day

Not dependent on full NE awareness to pass sync

1588v2 Frequency

Phase

Time-of-Day

Dependent upon number of ‘unaware hops’ and network loading


Clock Synchronization/Recovery Requirements

Precision Timing Protocol defined by IEEE 1588v2

Synchronous Ethernet defined by ITU-T G.8261/8262

ADTRAN Differential and Adaptive timing methods defined by ADTRAN pseudowire solution implementation/specifications

Technology Frequency limit*

Phase limit Time of Day Limit

GSM, WCDMA FDD, LTE FDD

+/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air

+/- 5 us Ref to BTS+/- 10us BTS to BTS

None

WCDMA TDD, LTE TDD

+/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air

+/- 1.25us Ref to BTS

+/- 2.5us BTS to BTS

None

WiMAX +/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air

+/- 1.0us BTS to BTS None

CDMA +/- 16 ppb on site+/- 50 ppb on air

None +/- 3.0 us

Table 1: Sync Requirements in Mobile Networks (ON-SITE* error limits)

*Note: on-site (to the BTS/NodeB) limits shown not on air limits such as +/- 50 ppb


Enabling Standards/Technology– IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) Link Agg. Control Protocol– ITU-T G.8032 (ERPS) Ethernet Ring Protection– ITU-T G.998.2/IEEE 802.3ah Copper Bonding Protection

Service AssuranceHigher Availability Business Continuity

SLA Attributes Considered– Long-term availability– Switchover/recovery options

eSHDSL 1

eSHDSL 2

eSHDSL 3

eSHDSL 4

eSHDSL 5

eSHDSL 6

eSHDSL 7

eSHDSL 8

UNI

Bonding Group

Remote Cabinet Aggregation for Increased Copper

Data Rate

ITU-T G.998.2 EFM Bonding with Redundant Loops

LACP for Network Resiliency

Fiber Access

Central Office/Exchange Aggregation at Ethernet Point of Presence

Small Business or Suburban Base Station

Ring Protection Switching for Access Resiliency

Metro Base Station

Multi-Tenant Building


Quality of Experience (QoE)Delivering Low Latency, Jitter

ADTRAN Carrier Ethernet solutions incorporate the following features to support latency sensitive traffic requirements. – Ingress traffic mapping/ prioritization based on port, customer

VLAN or p-bit marking.– Up to 8 Class of Service queues per port– Strict and Weighted Fair Queuing– Priority based rate shaping on egress ports


Service Level Agreement Requirements

Table 2: SLA requirements for Mobile Networks (error limits)

SLA attribute MUST support SHOULD support

2-way Latency (ms) 10 <5

Jitter (ms) +/- 1 +/- 1

BER & FER 10-9 & 10-6 10-11 & 10-7

Availability (%) 99.99 99.999

MTTR (Hrs) 4 2

Failover (ms) 50(150 for Voice) 50


CIR and EIR Bandwidth ProfilesConfigurable, Guaranteed Connections

• Confugurable BW profiles per EVC– CIR – Committed Information Rate

• Frame delivery obligation per SLA – EIR – Excess Information Rate

• Excess frame delivery allowed – not subject to SLA if available

– CBS, EBS - size of burst window (ms) for allowed CIR / EIR rates

Total UNI Bandwidth

EVC1

CIR

EIREVC2

CIR

EIR

EVC3

CIR

EIR

2 rate, 3 Colour marking – Marking typically done at ingress port of service provider

equipment Green Forwarded frames – CIR conforming traffic Yellow Discard Eligible frames – Over CIR , within

EIR Red Discarded frames – Exceeds EIR


Configurable Weighted Fair Queuing Any set of 4 or 8 Queues (EF, 2 or 6 AF, BE)

TA5000 AM and NV8044M

EF=expedited forwardingAF=assured forwardingBE=best effort

EgressPort

IngressPorts

Classifier

Assign ToQueues Based

On Class of Service

PPPP

PP

Classifier PPPP

PP

.

.

.

Classifier PPPP

PP

Strict/WRR

EF

AF

BE

User-1

User-2

User-N

.

.

.

Configurable for up to 8 queues

Egress shaping done here•Per port and / or per port per queue•N*64 kbps granularity


ADTRAN Ethernet OAM

IEEE 802.1ag ITU-T Y.1731

Detection Notification Verification

Isolation IETF TWAMP ITU-T Y.1731

Delay Jitter Loss

Multiple paths for both Fault & Performance Management

Co

nn

ecti

vity

Fau

lt

Man

agem

ent

(CF

M)

Per

form

ance

M

anag

emen

t

IEEE 802.3ah

Link OAM


Quick Reference Guide – EthOAM

Standard Protocol/Mechanism Detection – There is a loss of signal

802.1ag/Y.1731 ETH-CC Loss of connectivityUnintended connectivity between two MAs or within an MA; Incorrect MD Level or period

802.3ah Link monitoring Loss of linkFailure to receive Information OAMPDU

Standard Protocol/Mechanism Notification – Fault triggers

802.1ag/Y.1731 RDI bit of CCM Loss of CCMs

Y.1731 ETH-AIS Loss of CCMsLocal defect

E-LMI Status EVC change

802.3ah RFI bit of OAMPDU Link Fault; Dying Gasp; Critical Event

802.3ah Event Notification Threshold crossing

Standard Protocol Fault Verification – Has the circuit failed?

802.1ag ETH-LB Verify connectivity between two MEPs

Y.1731 ETH-LB Verify connectivity between one MEP & all peer MEPs

Standard Protocol Fault Isolation - Where has the circuit failed?

802.1ag/Y.1731 ETH-LT Determine points of reachDiscover MIPs


ADTRAN Operations Environment

Strong Decision SupportFault ResponseAdvanced testing, troubleshooting and diagnostics

Flexible Integrated Security

Fully Integrated from Planning to Operations to Customer Service

Intelligent Service ActivationApplication awarenessOSS integration via Robust Modular

Gateway/Network Automation Interface (TL1/XML)

Advanced PM, Traffic and Capacity Management Performance Monitoring/Trending

Traffic Engineering/Network Tuning

VQM/DQM


Barrier to Next-Gen Mobile BackhaulLack of Single, Simple Operational Model

Lack of Fiber to Cell sites– Less than 20% penetration

Lack of Single, Simple Operational Solutions: – Need the new T1.

Many different ad hoc Operational models for different mobile models– TDM– ATM– Microwave– Fiber– DS– DS3– SONET/SDH


A Single Centralized SolutionSingle Platform, Common OAM&P, Full Coverage

– Single Service and Maintenance Launch Point

– Full suite of dedicated, low cost Ethernet Access Gateway for every access medium


Hybrid Copper / Fiber NetVantaFiber trench can be time, cost prohibitive

Accelerated Time To Market for 100Mbps 4G/LTE/NGMN Graceful Path to Fiber Access

TA5000

10/100/1000 Mbps

Initial EoCu provides time-to-market and

revenue capture

Planned EoF facility

TA5000

10/100/1000 Mbps

Initial EoCu Facility provides diverse

path

EoF facility available

Increased Bandwidth DemandADTRAN

NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE

Customer Interfaces/ Services remain

untouched

No secondary site visit to install/commision EoF service

No re-provisioning of service.

Service/SLA transparency

‘One-button’ service push; Bandwidth on Demand Service


Introducing Modular Ethernet AccessDelivering the New T1 (and E1)

Complete Vision of Single Operational Model– Single Service and Maintenance

Launch Point– Single, Versatile, High Value

Ethernet Access Gateway for every access medium


Introducing the NetVanta 8044M

TA5000 8-port Gigabit Ethernet Access Module– 8 GigE SFP cages– Link Aggregation– Link OAM

NetVanta 8044M – 4 -10/100/1000BaseT WAN or LAN– 4 - GigE SFP WAN or LAN– 2 - Expansion Slots – 1 and 2.5G ERPS Ring support with optical bypass option.– Clock Sync over Packet Ready e.g. G.8261/62 SyncE– Dual fed DC options (+/-24V, -48V DC)

Carrier Ethernet– MEF 9, 14, 18– Eth OAM CFM and PM– TACASC+ and RADIUS Authentication, Authorization

8-port GigE Access Module NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE


NetVanta 8044M Expansion Modules

• TDM over Packet Service Delivery– CESoPSN, SAToP, MEF8 standards– GR-1089 Metallic Isolation

• GPON Access– 2.5Gbps– Fixed Optics– OMCI & Carrier Ethernet Mgmt

Ethernet over Copper Access– Ethernet over Copper (ULL)– ITU-T G.998.2 Bonding (45Mbps)– GR-1089 Metallic Isolation

• Other Expansion Modules for Phase II– 2-port OC3/12 STM1/4 Access – 8-port DS1/E1 GFP Access– 8-port 10/100 BaseT Service– 4-port VDLS2 Access– 1-port DS3 GFP Access

8-port DS1/E1 CES Service Module

8-port e.SHDSLNetwork Module

GPON ONU Network Module

NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE


GigE to the Cell SiteService Expansion to Multiple WSP

CarrierEthernetNetwork

Central Office/ Exchange

GigE

10/100/1000 8xDS1 & Clock Sync


CellSite

CellSite

8 portEoFiber

AM

CWDM

Modular NTE

NV8044M

NV8044M Modular NTE

NetVanta 8044M 8 port PW Service Module

DS1

2xGE or 2x10GE TA5000 MSAP

TA5000 MSAP



GigE





CellSite

CellSite

8 portEoFiber

AM

8 portEoFiber

AM

CWDM

Modular NTE

NV8044M

NV8044M Modular NTE

Modular NTE

NV8044M

NV8044M Modular NTE



DS1


TA5000 MSAP


GPON to the Cell SiteJustifying FTTH to Low Density Areas




GPON

NetVanta 8044M GPON ONT Module



2-portOLTAM

CellSite

CellSite

Modular NTENV8044M

NV8044M Modular NTE

DS1


TA5000 MSAP





GPON

NetVanta 8044M GPON ONT Module





2-portOLTAM

2-portOLTAM

CellSite

CellSite

Modular NTENV8044M

NV8044M Modular NTE

Modular NTENV8044M

NV8044M Modular NTE

DS1


TA5000 MSAP


Mobile Backhaul ERPS ApplicationDrop & Continue Ethernet & TDM service

1-500MbpsEthernettypical

1- 16 x DS1/E1

1-16 x DS1/E1

1-500MbpsEthernet 1-16 x DS1/E1

1/2.5Gbps ERPS Ring

3Gbps LAG

Up to 64 nodes

From Up Stream

1Gbps or 2.5Gbps

ERPS Ring

Continue Down Stream Remainder of

1Gbps or 2.5Gbps ERPS Ring Capacity

Drop Customer 1 – 1000 Mbps

Ethernet Service - E.G. avg. 150Mbps

Drop Customer TDM 1- 16

DS1/E1 Service

4Gbps LAG via TA5000 8-port GigE AM

3Gbps LAG 3rd party Eth Switch

OR CES traffic

SyncE

Any to any ELAN


Barriers to Packet-backhaul

Fiber/Ethernet availability, weak Ethernet business case, and lack of confidence in packet-based solutions hold back lower cost solutions

Source: Infonetics 2009

ADTRAN solutions focused on eliminating these barriers

Question and Answers

Documents

Making Mobile Backhaul 4G Ready Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul Solutions