1. What is nationalism?

2. Who led a revolt in Haiti?

3. Who led revolutions in Latin America and what country is named after him?

Bell RingerBell Ringer

What two major countries of modern Europe were not on the map in the

mid-1800s?

NEXT TIME/SOON: Quiz on Napoleon, Revolutions & Unifications

We will…

You will be able to…

Describe how the German/Prussian states and the Italian states were unified into single nations.

LanguageSocial Studies - Define: Realpolitik

- Write webs on the unification of Germany and Italy

• Identify the German leader, Otto von Bismarck, and his philosophy of Realpolitik.

• Explain how realpolitik was used to unify the German states.

• Identify the Italian nationalist leaders, Cavour and Garibaldi, and what each accomplished during the unification of Italy.

Unifications of Germany and Italy

Realpolitik = Realpolitik = Policy of doing what works, instead of what is “right”

What does unification mean?Unification = to become one; to uniteIf this is about Germany becoming one, what does that mean about Germany before this?

Unification??????Unification??????

Germany was divided!

(The same is true of Italy.)

Following the defeat of Napoleon’s empire and the Congress of Vienna, there were 39 independent states made up Prussia (what is now called Germany.)

Nationalism grew in Prussia in the 1800’s.

A Divided GermanyA Divided Germany

With a partner, list at least 5 things that you think of when you hear “German”.

By 1871 , PRUSSIA was dominant because they had: 1. A united population

2. Factories (industrialized)

3. A strong leader = Otto von Bismarck (OVB)

Prussia DominatesPrussia Dominates

OVB – The Iron ChancellorOVB – The Iron ChancellorPrime Minister of Prussia Believed that duty to one’s country

was the most important thing of allWanted to unite the states together

The belief that politics should be based on what is best, not on ideals.

Bismarck’s Belief: Realpolitik

“The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power ... Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by iron and iron and blood.blood.””

“A government must not waiver once it has chosen its course. It must not look to the left or right but go forward”

“The main thing is to make history, not to write it”

With your partner, add 3 more descriptions to your definition of “German.”

1866: War with AustriaAs a result, most German states joined

Prussia and became a confederation1871: Franco-Prussian War

The confederation became even more united to defeat the French

Led to creation of a German nation

How Did OVB Unite How Did OVB Unite Germany?Germany?

OVB became Chancellor of the Second Reich

Shared power with Kaiser Wilhelm

Kaiser = Kaiser = EmperorEmperor

Divided into a half dozen individual states Austria controlled northern Italy Spain ruled southern Italy Papal States in between

Italy was swept with NATIONALISM and wanted to return to a united Italy (like in Ancient Rome).

Italy in the 1800’sItaly in the 1800’s

1852: Italians looked to the state of Sardinia because of their capable Prime Minister, Count Cavour.

1859: Cavour got help from France to fight against the Austrians.Some Northern states

also joined.

Cavour United Northern ItalyCavour United Northern Italy

Raised an army of 100,000Used guerrilla warfare – Red

ShirtsCaptured Sicily.

Garibaldi Joined South Garibaldi Joined South w/Northw/North

The last to unite were the PAPAL STATES.

Pope received help from France Held Rome until

1870

Papal States Join Last

1870 – Italy is fully united.

Complete the Unifications Webs using your notes.

Give to Mrs. B on your way out.

Ticket Out the DoorTicket Out the Door