Bell Ringer – 12/21 & 1/3

Klemens von Metternich

Napoleon Bonaparte

Toussaint L’Overture

Simon Bolivar

1. Led a successful slave revolt in Haiti

2. Led a peace conference and wanted things to be like they used to be

3. Created a French Empire

4. Led successful revolutions in Latin America

1848 The Year of Revolutions

Setting the Stage

• The first major revolution in Europe was the French Revolution.

• This sparked “firecracker revolutions” across central Europe.

Revolutions

Causes of Revolutions in 1848

1. Class struggles between the “Haves” and the “Have Nots”

2. Economic Problems

The Revolutions were started by middle class populations (not working class)

Economic Problems

• Not enough jobs for everyone• Food shortages• Inflation• Poverty

Ideologies Develop

• Conservatism: Made up of wealthy landowners and nobles who wanted to keep the traditional monarchies of Europe.

• Liberalism: Made up of middle-class business leaders and merchants who wanted to give more political power to the elected parliaments.

Ideologies Develop

• Nationalism: the belief that people should be loyal to their nation

Immediate EffectsThe Revolutions of 1848 had very few immediate effects. By spring of the year, many revolts had begun to die down. The revolutionaries all agreed that they wanted to get rid of the old governments, but they disagreed about what to do next. These disagreements resulted in a lack of organization, which made it difficult for revolutionaries to continue to resist the armies of returning monarchs. Thus, by 1849, Europe had practically returned to its pre-1848 status.

Lasting EffectsThe Revolutions of 1848 did have some long-term effects. While the revolutions’ new governments could be easily destroyed, the forces of change could not be stopped. Again and again throughout the West there would be uprisings and demands for independence and an end to old empires. Also, the short-lived governments of 1848 were the beginnings of many more modern forms of government, such as liberalism and socialism, which are still around today.

Which came first?

French Revolution

OR

Congress of Vienna

Who came first?

Louis XVI

OR

Napoleon

Who came first?

Napoleon

OR

Metternich

Which came first?

Slave Revolt in Haiti

OR

French Revolution

Which came first?

French Revolution

OR

American Revolution

Which came first?

Revolutions of 1848

OR

Congress of Vienna