Welcome to Seminar 8: Paraphrasing the Work of Outside Authors Revision 1

Welcome to Seminar 8: Paraphrasing the Work of Outside Authors

Revision

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• Paraphrasing is when you rephrase an author’s words. You do this to make the essay fluid, to break up the use of direct quotations.

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Like a direct quotation, a paraphrase must always be cited.

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Unit 8 Work—What’s going on this unitReading: For this week’s reading, we’ll learn how to paraphrase the work of outside authors.Seminar: In this week’s seminar, we’ll continue our study of paraphrasing.Discussion: In our discussion this week, we’ll discuss our experience in the Peer Review Workshop.Peer Review Workshop: You will post a draft of your essay to the workshop, and then you will review the draft of at least one other student.

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Paraphrasing the Work of Others

What does it mean to paraphrase?

Is it the same thing as summarizing?

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What is a paraphrase?

1. Restatement of the author’s original idea…

2. In more or less the same number of words…

3. Keeping the original idea intact…4. And citing just as you would a direct

quote.6

Paraphrasing the Work of Others

WHY do we paraphrase when we could simply quote directly?

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Why Paraphrase?

1. To fit the quote into the current context.2. To maintain a constant “voice” or “tone” in the

essay.

3. To help YOU as the writer to understand what the author is saying (putting something into your own words is a good way to make sure you understand it).

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When do we NOT paraphrase?

1. You should paraphrase more often than you quote directly to maintain a steady voice in the paper.

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1. You should quote directly to present a particularly well-spoken passage.

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1. You should quote directly if you’re using a particularly authoritative source (like MLK in a paper about racism)

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HOW do we paraphrase?

Paraphrasing is more than just swapping a word here and there for a synonym. It means rewording the entire passage in your own words.

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Some Tips for Effective Paraphrasing

1. Make sure you understand the entire passage before beginning the paraphrase.

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2. Set the passage aside and write the paraphrase without looking at the original.

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3. Now compare the two. Did you use any unique words or phrases from the original?

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Some Tips for Effective Paraphrasing (continued)

4. If you used words/phrases from the original, replace them or put them in quotations.

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5. Read both the original and your paraphrase. Did you present the original idea correctly and completely?

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6. Cite the paraphrase correctly using APA.

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Let’s PracticeThe course lists two practice sentences in the seminar link:

"It has been estimated that a child of six knows as many as 13,000 words and the average high school graduate about 60,000.“

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Let’s Practice

"Creating an atmosphere of safety and trust is critical to the development of a good working group online."

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Seminar 8, pt. 2:Seminar 8, pt. 2:The Importance of The Importance of

Peer ReviewPeer Reviewand Team and Team

CollaborationCollaboration

By Marsha Bass, MS Ed.By Marsha Bass, MS Ed.

andand

Julie Riley, MSJulie Riley, MS

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Why Do We Participate in Peer Reviews?Why Do We Participate in Peer Reviews?Peer reviewing is important because it

gives students an opportunity to have their rough drafts read by an

objective party who can make good suggestions on how it can be

improved before the final

submission.

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Remember… you are helping each other.

• If something doesn't work, you aren't helping by not saying anything and you aren’t hurting by saying "I don't understand what you mean." Or "I think an example would help me understand." Or "I think you should define this."

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Just saying "this is great" or "this is interesting" says nothing.

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There are different types of comments or responses each of you should make when

evaluating a paper.• Pointing: Say which ideas (or words) stood

out. • In paragraph 1 where you described Miss Bessie -- your

description of her being five foot tall and weighing less that 100, but being "a towering presence in the classroom." Really caught my attention and gave me a picture of a tough little lady

• Your description --of the A"bad situation" in paragraph 4 didn't give me a clear picture of why it was bad. Could you describe it more clearly -- Why is it bad?

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Summarizing: Explain the writer's main idea (purpose) in a single sentence.

I really understood-- your main idea of the importance of beginning saving money for the future at a young age. Your example of. . . really made the point clear.

I wasn't sure what point you were trying to make -- could you possibly reword the last sentence (third sentence or whichever one) so that the point you are making is clearer or more easily understood.

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Other suggestions

• Question any confusing points.

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Other suggestions

• What aspects of the main idea does the author develop well? Which ones need more support?

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Other suggestions

• Does the author use examples, support, or illustration of each aspect of the main idea?

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Other suggestions

• Are there smooth transitions between ideas? Between paragraphs? Again, don’t simply answer the questions with just a simple yes or no.

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Other suggestions

• Do you have a sense of satisfaction at the end of the essay? Do you have any unanswered questions or doubts? Did the writer leave you hanging?

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Why so many edits Why so many edits and revisions?and revisions?

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Why the paper submission service and a peer edit?Why the paper submission service and a peer edit?

Writing is a process and not only does it get better over time, but it gets better with revision. The

more people who read your paper, the more chances you

have to pick up an error or something that is not

communicated effectively.

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Why edit?Why edit?Remember…

…even professional writers need editors!

Writing is a process and with any process, there is always

something that we can learn or change.

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Why the Paper Why the Paper Submission Service?Submission Service?

• The Kaplan University Writing Center has a very valuable service for all students. When you submit your paper to our Writing Service, you will receive detailed feedback and suggestions for revision. I want you to learn to use this service, not only in this course, but in all future courses at Kaplan. This is a free service that will cost you in other places when you leave Kaplan. Take advantage of this terrific opportunity now and throughout your time at Kaplan!

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Remember…Use your ARMS to revise

• Add

• Remove

• Move

• Substitute

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Review of APA Citation:• References page:

• The title of the References page is centered.• It is not called “Reference” or “Works Cited.”

Or “bibliography.” • All entries on the page should be in

alphabetical order.

• Entries should use a hanging indent and be double-spaced.

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What should be included in every reference?

Author's last name, First initial. (Year,

month, day). Title. Publication data.

Note the use of hanging indent and double spacing. All entries should be capitalized.

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Exceptions

If there is no author, begin with the title.

Title. (year, month, day). Publication

data.

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Exceptions

• If there is no date of publication-- the letters n.d. are placed in parentheses instead of the year

(n.d.).

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Sample book

Valenza, K. (1998). My Life as a disc jockey.

New York: Random House.

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Sample article

Abrams, J. (1998, Jan 21). New cities. Time,

23 (4), p.3.

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In-text citation

Jones (1998) views Chicago as the city of the future.

In 1998, Jones viewed Chicago as an example of the city of the future and pointed out . . .

"Chicago is the city of the future" (Jones, 1998, p. 12).43

Government document

Department of transportation. (1996). Liability cost and risk

analysis studies: Bus liability review for six transit

systems. (DOT-T-96-14). Washington: DC:

Technological Sharing Program.

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Electronic material

Last name, Initials. (date). Title of article. Name of

Source. Retrieved month day, year from web

address or name of data base.

Fairbairn, G. L. (1998). Suicide, language, and clinical

practice. Philosophy, Psychiatry, 5. Retrieved December

3, 2003 from http://www.psychobabble.com/morebabble

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Citing electronic material in-text

According to Fairbairn (1998), suicide among teens. . .

……suicide among teens is a major problem (Fairbairn, 1998).

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If no author, look for the issuing agency

Issuing agency. (date). Title of article. Name of Source.

Retrieved month day, year from web address.

American Heart Association. (2002). Stop smoking in two weeks.

American Heart Association. Retrieved December 3, 2003

from http:// www.americanheart.org47

http://www.americanheart.org/

Listing an issuing agency In-text

The American Heart Association (2002) has developed a step. . ..

…..using this plan a person can stop smoking (American Heart, 2002).

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No issuing agency—begin with title.

Title. (date). Name of source. Retrieved month day, year from

web address.

The colors of childhood. (2000, January). Smithsonian.

Retrieved December 3, 2003 from

http://www.smithsonian.org49

http://www.smithsonian.org/

No issuing agency in-text

In the article "The Colors of Childhood" (2000) states.

…most children prefer the color red (The Colors, 2000).

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Any questions?

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Documents

Welcome to Seminar 8: Paraphrasing the Work of Outside Authors Revision 1